• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.120-125
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• 1998

CO$_{2}$gas중에서 산화된 활성탄소섬유를 77K에서 질소흡착에 의해 흡착등온곡선을 구하였다. 미세공부피와 외부표면적은 t-법으로 구하였으며, 평균기공크기와 기공분포는 Dubinin-Astakhov법으로 구하여 기공발당과정을 고찰하였다. 산화반응 초기(약 40% burn-off까지)에 섬유내부에 발달하는 미세공은 burn-off가 40%를 넘으면 서서히 큰 미세공으로 성장하며, burn-off가 약 60%이상되면 미세기공은 확대 또는 합체되어 점차 중기공으로 성장하는 것으로 관찰되었다. 또한 고온산화반응으로 발달한 기공은 저온에서 생성된 기공보다 크다.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.107-111
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• 1997

To remove dissolved $NH_{4}$$^{+}$ in the aquaculture system, one ammonia oxidizing bacterium, Nitrsomonas sp. PK1, was isolated from samples collected in many aquacultural place and sludges of waste water. The stationary phase of this atrain was reached after 9 days, and the maximum $NO_{2}$ production was shown from 3 days to 9 days. In the selective medium, 0.1% of glucose was the good carbon source for growth. However, the $NO_{2}$productivity was repressed by the addition of glucose to the medium. When $Zn^{++}$ ion was supplemented to the medium, growth and the $NO_{2}$ productivity was increased, 10mM of $ZnCl_{2}$ was the optimal concentration for growth and 1 mM of $ZnCl_{2}$ was the optimal concentration for the production of $NO_{2}$, respectively.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.125-129
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• 2008

Korean Marine Plants (KMU-4, 6, 7) obtained from an herb which widely used in medicine for the treatment of a variety of pathologies. In this study, using mouse peritoneal macrophages, we have examined whether KMU-4, 6, 7 affects nitric oxide (NO) and COX-2 induced IFN-$\gamma$ and LPS and cell viability. KMU-6 inhibits IFN-$\gamma$ and LPS-induced NO. We found that KMU-6 had a little effect on COX-2 expression. These finding means that KMU-6 can be used in controlling macrophages mediated inflammatory disease. The present results indicate that KMU-6 has an inhibitory effect on the production of NO through down-regulation of COX-2 expression in LPS stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.23-30
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• 2014

In this study, a research of anti-inflammatory effect and application for cosmetics after extracting of germinated mung bean. Germinated mung bean extract was showed high NO constraining effect compared with $250{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ concentrated mung bean extract and germinated mung bean extract. Also shown is the highest nitrogen oxide inhibiting effect that using 1,3-butylene glycol when comparing the results of extraction conditions of a water-soluble, and extracted mung bean germinated for 5 days. The result of applying the germinated mung bean extract hairdye inflammatory reaction happens many showed nitrogen oxides higher inhibitory effect than that hair dye containing germinated mung bean extract is not included. Therefore, germinated mung bean extract is expected to the abirritant and anti-inflammatory agent as the material for cosmetic.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.16 no.3 s.32
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• pp.149-154
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• 1977

Effect of Simazine(2-chloro-4,6-bis (ethylamino)-s-triazine), Nitrofen (2, 4-dichloro-4' -nitrodi­phenylether), Propanil (:3, 4-dichloropropionanilide), and Butachlor (2-chloro-2, 6-diethyl N-(buthoxy­menthyl) acetanilide on urea hydrolysis and subsequent nitrification was investigated in an upland soil incubated at $20\pm1^{\circ}C$. 1. All the herbicides tested had no effect on the hydrolysis of urea to ammonia at the recommended rates. Butachlor, at ten and fifty times the recommended rate, and Nitrofen, at fifty times the recommeded rate, depressed urea hydrolysis, resulting in reduction of ammonia. But the depressive effects were temporary, disappearing soon. Simazine and Propanil had no detrimental effect on urea decomposition at all the treated rates. 2. Also, all the chemicals tested had no effect on the nitrification process at the recommended rates. At higher concentrations of ten and fifty times the recommended rate Butachlor and Nitrofen inhibited the oxidation of nitrite, and propanil long inhibited the oxidation of ammonium to nitrite, but was inactive against nitrite oxidizer. These inhibitive effects of the chemicals, however, disappeared in the later period of incubation. Simazine had no effect on the nitrification process at all the treated rates. 3. The trend of change in soil pH of both the treated and untreated plots well reflected the change of soil nitrogen forms during incubation. No direct effect of the chemicals on soil pH was obserbed.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.185-191
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• 1973

Effects of nitrogen sources on chlorophyll, activity of some oxidases in soybean leaves were investigated in relation to phosphorus sensitivity. Ammonium and urea culture accelerated leaf senescence more in phosphorus sensitive cultivars. The leaf senescence patterns affected by nitrogen sources were clearly indicated by intact leaf absorbance. Absorption maximum (670nm in methanol extraction or 685nm in intact leaf), was not changed by nitrogen source in the same method. According to leaf senesence pattern general physiological sensitivity pattern was discussed. IAA-oxidase activity was higher in the phosphorus tolerant cultivars and nitrate treatment than in the sensitive cultivars and ammonium treatment. Glycolate oxidase activity was higher in the sensitive cultivars and nitrate treatment. Polyphenol oxidase activity was higher in the tolerant cultivars and urea treatment. It is concluded that the excess ammonium, to which excess phosphorus is highly similar in physiological effect, disturbs the photosynthetic system by inhibition of ATP generation (photo-and oxidative phosphorylation).

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.33 no.7
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• pp.481-484
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• 2011

Although formation of organic chloramines have been studied for decades, most of them have involved model organic compounds (e.g., amino acids) but not naturally occurring organic nitrogen in water. This study investigated formation of organic chloramines during chlorination of 16 natural organic matters (NOM) solutions which were isolated from surface water and contained dissolved organic nitrogen (DON). Organic chloramine yields per chlorine consumption was $0.25mg-Cl_2/mg-Cl_2$. Upon chlorination of NOM solutions, organic chloramines were rapidly formed within 10 minutes. The average organic chloramine yields upon addition of chlorine in to NOM solutions were $0.78mg-Cl_2/mg-DON$ at 10 minutes and $0.16mg-Cl_2/mg-DON$ at 24 hours. Organic chloramine yields increased as the dissolved organic carbon/dissolved organic nitrogen (DOC/DON) ratios decreased. Chlorination of molecular weight (10,000 Da) fractionated samples showed that the influence of DON molecular weights on the organic chloramine formation was minimal.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.172-183
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• 1999

Background: Nitric oxide is a short-lived effector molecule derived from L-arginine by the nitric oxide synthase(NOS). Nitric oxide plays a role in a number of physiologic and pathophysiologic functions including host defense, edema formation, and regulation of smooth muscle tone. Some kinds of cells including macrophage are known to produce large quantities of nitric oxide in response to inflammatory stimuli such as interleukin-$1\beta$(IL-$1\beta$), tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$(TNF-$\alpha$), interferon-$\gamma$(IFN-$\gamma$) and lipopolysaccharide(LPS). Reactive oxygen species are also known to be important in the pathogenesis of acute cell and tissue injury such as acute lung injury model Methods: Using the RA W264.7 cells, we have examined the ability of oxidant hydrogen peroxide($H_2O_2$) to stimulate nitric oxide production and inducible NOS mRNA expression. Also, we have examined the effects of NOS inhibitors and antioxidants on $H_2O_2$ induced nitric oxide production. Results: Stimulation of RAW264.7 cells with combinations of 100 ng/ml IL-$1\beta$, 100 ng/ml TNF-$\alpha$, and 100 U/ml IFN-$\gamma$ or 100 U/ml IFN-$\gamma$ and $1{\mu}g/ml$ LPS induced the synthesis of nitric oxide as measured by the oxidation products nitrite($NO_2^-$) and nitrate($NO_3^-$). Addition of $250 {\mu}M-2$ mM $H_2O_2$ to the cytokines significantly augmented the synthesis of $NO_2^-$ and $NO_3^-$(p<0.05). When cells were incubated with increasing concentrations of $H_2O_2$ in the presence of IL-$1\beta$, TNF-$\alpha$ and IFN-$\gamma$ at constant level, the synthesis of $NO_2^-$ and $NO_3^-$ was dose-dependently increased(p<0.05). $N^G$-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester(L-NAME), dose dependently, significantly inhibited the formation of $NO_2^-$ and $NO_3^-$ in cells stimulated with LPS, IFN-$\gamma$ and $H_2O_2$ at constant level(p<0.05). Catalase significantly inhibited the $H_2O_2$-induced augmentation of cytokine-induced $NO_2^-$ and $NO_3^-$ formation(p<0.05). But, boiled catalase did not produce a significant inhibition in comparison with the native enzyme. Another antioxidant 2-mercaptoethanol and orthophenanthroline dose-dependently suppressed $NO_2^-$ and $NO_3^-$ synthesis(p<0.05). Northern blotting demonstrated that H:02 synergistically stimulated the cytokine-induced iNOS mRNA expression in RA W264.7. Conclusion: These results suggest that $H_2O_2$ contributes to inflammatory process by augmenting the iNOS expression and nitric oxide synthesis induced by cytokines.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.358-360
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• 2006

축산폐수내의 질소 성분의 효율적인 처리를 위하여 생물학적 질산화반응과 방사선조사기술을 결합시키는 연구를 수행하였다. 축산폐수에 방사선을 조사하여 줌으로써 생성되는 라디칼들에 의하여 폐수내 난분해성 유기물들의 생분해도가 향상되어 짧은 HRT에도 불구하고 완전한 NH$_4^+$-N의 산화가 이루어졌다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.55-59
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• 1978

알카리 리그닌의 착색구조(着色構造)를 확실(確實)히 하기 위(爲)하여 리그닌 모델 화합물(化合物)인 바니릴알콜을 질소하(窒素下)에 알카리로 처리(處理)하였다. 그림-1과 같이 ${\alpha}$-1 결합(結合)인 화합물(化合物) I., ${\alpha}$-1와 ${\alpha}$-5의 결합(結合) 구조(構造)인 화합물(化合物) II, III, IV와 ${\alpha}$-5결합(結合) 구조(構造)인 화합물(化合物) V를 단리(單離) 동정(同定)하였다. 이들 화합물(化合物)은 공기산화(空氣酸化) 및 알카리 처리(處理)에 의(依)해 착색(着色)되었다.