• Food Engineering Progress
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.346-354
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• 2011

This study was carried out to fortify the antimicrobial activity of yoghurt by adding liquorice extract to it. The liquorice extracts (1 mg/mL) showed relatively high antibacterial activity against H. pylori KCCM 40449 (p < 0.05). The solvent liquorice extracts of minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) against H. pylori KCCM 40449 were 25- 100 ${\mu}g$/mL. Lactobacillus amylovorus DU-21 with high EPS production ability were inoulated to milk after the addition of different amounts of liquorice extracts (0.0%, 0.05%, 0.1% and 0.2%). The physico-chemical characteristics of yoghurts added with liquorice extracts were examined. The initial pH, titratable acidity, viscosity and viable cell counts of the yoghurt added liquorice extracts were 3.41-3.51, 1.021-1.091%, 1,686-1,930 cp and 9.41-9.38 Log CFU/mL, respectively. The viscosity and syneresis of yoghurt were better than that of the control. Antimicrobial activity against H. pylori KCCM 40449 increased with increasing addition of liquorice extract. However, the sensory score of yoghurt added with different amounts of liquorice extracts was lower than that of the control (p < 0.05). As a result of the sensory evaluations, the flavor, taste, texture, color and overall acceptability of the yoghurt with 0.05% liquorice extract were found to be much better than those of the other groups (p < 0.05). Overall, the optimal amount of liquorice extract added in the manufacture of yoghurt was 0.05% of the total weight. Further studies on increment of antimicrobial activity and palatability of liquorice extract added yoghurt are necessary.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.10
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• pp.1528-1534
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• 2010

The antibacterial effects of seed decontamination during presoaking before sprouting as an intervention step for eliminating foodborne pathogens on red radish seeds were evaluated. The effect of seed decontamination on seed germination rate was also evaluated. Red radish seeds were inoculated (at a level of 3 to 4 log CFU/g) with Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19111 and decontaminated with 20,000 ppm calcium hypochlorite, 50 and 100 ppm chlorinated water, acidic electrolyzed water, low-alkaline electrolyzed water, and ozonated water for 6 hours. The control seeds were immersed in distilled water. The germination rate was measured on each treatment for 48 hours. Treatments with 20,000 ppm calcium hypochlorite, acidic and low-alkaline electrolyzed water were more effective than treatments with chlorinated water and ozonated water. Immersion in 20,000 ppm calcium hypochlorite resulted in the largest microbial reduction (more than 3 logs). Treatments with acidic and low-alkaline electrolyzed water reduced APC by 3 logs and L. monocytogenes counts by 2 logs. After sprouting, APC and L. monocytogenes counts on seeds treated with 20,000 ppm calcium hypochlorite, acidic and low-alkaline electrolyzed water were significantly lower than the control. The germination rate ranged from 93.5% to 97.7% except for 20,000 ppm calcium hypochlorite (from 82.3% to 84.8%) after 48 hours. Although the treatments tested in this study will not eliminate L. monocytogenes on inoculated red radish seeds, the results show that rapid growth of surviving cells during sprouting could be prevented if red radish seeds are given a presoak treatment used in combination with a disinfectant treatment of irrigation water.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.73-79
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• 2022

Objectives : Suicide is a global social problem. Social burden caused by suicide is gradually increasing. Various efforts have been made to prevent suicide. Lifestyle changes to western style, especially diet changes, have increased the risk for suicide. Therefore, in this study, we discussed diet as an adjuvant treatment for suicide. Methods : In this review, we summarized the biochemical mechanism of suicide, and diet as a risk factor for suicide and diet as a protective factor through a web search. Results : In this study, biochemical mechanisms for suicide were reviewed and diet as a risk factor and diet as a protective factor for suicide were investigated. It was confirmed that neurotoxic effects such as oxidative stress and inflammation in the neural system could increase the risk of suicide. Based on results of previous studies on the relationship between suicide and diet, it was found that heavy use of alcohol, coffee, carbonated soft drink, and fast food were risk factors for suicide. Protective factors for suicide included antioxidants such as vitamin C, carotene, and anti-inflammatory agents such as omega-3 fatty acids found in seafood in large amounts. Conclusions : The only treatment for suicide is prevention. In this context, effectiveness, accessibility, and safety are important for preventing for suicide. Antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents that are relatively safe and readily available to the public could be effective adjuvant treatments to decrease the risk of suicide. In addition, it is necessary to educate the public on reducing diets that could increase the risk of suicide

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.35 no.7
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• pp.542-547
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• 2002

Background: Postpneumonectomy empyema(PPE) is an infrequent but potentially life-threatening complication. To date, various surgical efforts have been made to manage this complication. We reviewed our 20-year surgical experience of PPE and long-term follow-up data. Material and Method: Total of 37 patients who were treated for PPE between fan, 1980 and Jun, 2000 were included. Various clinical factors such as micro-organism, operative method and timing, presence of bronchopleural fistula(BPF), underlying disease and fate of empyema cavity were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. Result: Majority of patients(34) underwent Eloesser operation for effective drainage. There was only one operative mortality. The causative organisms were Staphylococcus species and Pseudomonas species in 46% BPF was found in 20 cases, among which spontaneous closures took place in 4 cases. The chest wall was closed in 40%(8/20) of patients with BPF, compared to 59%(10/17) without BPF. The closure rate was statistically better in patients without BPF(p=0.006). Even though the patients with benign disease showed higher closure rate(50%) than those with lung cancer (31%), the difference was not significant(p=0.25). Conclusion: Eloesser procedure was an effective method for initial drainage of PPE cavity with low operative mortality. Given the findings of low spontaneous closure rate of BPF, aggressive approach to close the BPF is mandatory to achieve the final goal of chest wall closure. It was found that majority of patients still left their chest cavity opened, even after controlling the active inflammation of the empyema cavity. More aggnessive approach for chest wall closure is recommended in all patents with benign disease and in selective patients with lung cancer if there is no evidence of recurrence at several years after the initial operation.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.161-166
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• 2014

Currently oxidation-reduction titration method for the assay method using the hazardous reagent, carbon tetrachloride, for cefroxadine capsules has been used in Korean Pharmaceutical Codex. We developed and validated an alternative HPLC assay method by substituting the use of the hazardous reagent, carbon tetrachloride, to the use of less toxic ones like acetonitrile. The linearity of the calibration curves in the desired concentration range was good ($r^2$ > 0.999). Relative standard deviations of intra-day precision were ranged between 0.30% and 0.69% and inter-day precision were ranged between 0.47% and 0.82%. Accuracy was obtained with recoveries in range of 100.20% and 100.56%. Developed method was applied to the determination of cefroxadine in commercial cefroxadine capsule and could be expected to become valuable tools for revising the Korean Pharmaceutical Codex.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.61-68
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• 2009

The effects of hot-air dried tomato powder (HADTP) with 0% (C), 0.25 (T1), 0.50 (T2), 0.75 (T3) and 1.00% (T4) addition to the pork patties on the physicochemical and sensory properties during storage at $-20^{\circ}C$ for 20 days were studied. Cooking loss, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) and CIE $L^*$ values of all products were increased (p<0.05) significantly as the storage period increased, while the pH values were decreased (p<0.05). The CIE $a^*$ and $b^*$value of all samples showed a tendency of decreasing value through the storage days. The pH and cooking loss of T4 were significantly lower (p<0.05) than those of other treatments. The TBARS values of treatments were significantly lower (p<0.05) compared to those of control, but CIE $a^*$ and $b^*$ values of treatments were higher (p<0.05) than those of control at day 20 of storage. VBN values of treatments were significantly lower (p<0.05) than those of control at day 20 of storage. In the sensory evaluation, color and overall acceptability in T3 and T4 were higher (p<0.05) than the others until 15 days of storage. In conclusion, pork patties with 0.75~1.00% HADTP had a higher acceptability, redness and lipid oxidative stability during freeze storage than products without HADTP.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.483-487
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• 2001

As a part of basic investigation for utilizing of cuttle bone as a calcium source, we examined on the extraction methods (calcining at $800^{\circ}C$ for 2 hrs, autoclaving at $121^{\circ}C$ for 10 hrs and ultrasonic treatments at $60^{\circ}C$ for 10 hrs) as a pretreatment methods for preparation of calcium-based powder from cuttle bone, The color of calcined calcium-based powder from cuttle bone was white, while that treated by other methods was light yellow. The calcium content in calcined calcium-based powder was $70.5\%$, and revealed high about 2 times compared to those pretreated by other methods. And, calcium solubility in calcined calcium-based powder was improved 22 times compared to raw cuttle bone powder, Among calcining, autoclaving and ultrasonic treatments as a pretreaoent methods for preparation of calcium-based powder from cuttle bone, calcining treatment was superior to other methods on the aspect of color, calcium solubility and purity of calcium-based powder, Judging from X-ray diffraction pattern of calcined calcium-based powder, most of calcium was present as a form of calcium oxide, But, pH of calcined calcium-based powder revealed strong alkali of pH 12.9. This pH value might invoke health risk in using food resource. Therefore, for utilization effectively calcined calcium-based powder from cuttle bone, it requires a suitable treatment such as adjustment of pH to neutral condition.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.9
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• pp.1423-1430
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• 2014

This study investigated the effects of superheated steam (SHS) and high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) on the quality of Galbijjim. SHS cooking increased moisture and crude fat contents and decreased crude protein contents (P<0.05). The value of L was significantly higher upon SHS cooking compared to conventional cooking (CC), whereas a and b values were not significantly different among the samples. Hardness decreased more upon CC than SHS. The results of the safety storage experiment at refrigeration temperature showed that the total number of bacteria was lower in SHS-HHP than in CC-HHP. The thiobarbituric acid value increased to 0.70~1.56 mg malonaldehyde (MA)/kg in CC-HHP after 15 days, and SHS-HHP showed 0.69 (0 day)~1.24 (15 days, $10^{\circ}C$) mg MA/kg. Volatile basic nitrogen value was 18.07~36.76 mg% in CC-HHP, and that in SHS-HHP also increased to 17.06 (0 day)~35.76 mg% (15 days, $10^{\circ}C$). Overall, SHS cooking and HHP reduced microorganisms, which could improve product quality and sanitation.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.141-149
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• 2015

In the fabrication of electronic circuits used in electronic products, molybdenum thin films are deposited on semiconductors to prevent oxidation. During the deposition, the presence of a particle or dust at the interface between the thin film and substrate causes the decrease of adhesion, performance, and life cycle. In this study, a damage measurement targeting two kinds of glass substrate, with and without particles, was performed in order to measure the change in the molybdenum thin film deposition area in the presence of a particle. Clean and dirty molybdenum thin film specimens were fabricated and directly deposited on a substrate using the sputtering method, and a reflection-type digital holographic interferometer was configured for measuring the damage. Reflection-type digital holography has several advantages; e.g., the configuration of the interferometer is simple, the measurement range can be varied depending on the magnification of a microscopic lens, and the measuring time is short. The results confirm that reflection-type digital holography is useful for the measurement of the damage and defects of thin films.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.38 no.12
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• pp.1415-1420
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• 2014

Super-critical $CO_2$ ($S-CO_2$) Brayton cycle has been considered to replace the current steam Rankine cycle in Sodium-cooled Fast Reactor (SFR) in order to improve the inherent safety and thermal efficiency. Several austenitic alloys are considered as the structural materials for high temperature $S-CO_2$ environment.. Microstructural change after long-term exposure to high temperature $S-CO_2$ environment could affect to the mechanical properties. In this study, candidate materials (austenitic stainless steels and Alloy 800HT) were exposed to $S-CO_2$ to assess oxidation resistance and the change in tensile properties. Loss of ductility was observed for some austenitic stainless steels even after 250 h exposure. The contribution of $S-CO_2$ environment on such changes was analyzed based on the characterization of the surface oxide and carburization of the materials in which 316H and 800H showed different oxidation behaviors.