• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
• /
• 2007.04a
• /
• pp.123-127
• /
• 2007

• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.58-65
• /
• 2010

The fire accidents having recently occurred are getting more and more larger and causing lots of damage in terms of property loss and casualties increase, so there is in need of technical fire safety development like comprehensive prevention solution in order to effectively prevent. Especially, the needing of new paradigm for advanced fire safe technology is gathering strength in high-rise modern building construction. Therefore, we want to find out on this paper what is a correlation between heat release rate measurement and smoke release volume by three parts of oxygen consumption calorimeter in bench scale calorimeter (cone calorimeter/ISO 5660/Avg.500Kw), Medium scale calorimeter (Room corner tester, Single burning Item/ISO 9750, EN 13823/Avg.3MW), and large scale calorimeter (Industry calorimeter/Avg. 10MW). Thus, Smoke detective of new paradigm devised by making use of a correlation between heat release and smoke production is to help reduce loss property and casualties. Ultimately, based on this theory, a new concept of fire alarm and evacuation system will be developed and expected to apply to a skyscraper.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
• /
• v.2 no.2
• /
• pp.151-159
• /
• 1997

Benthic respiration and chemical fluxes were measured at the sediment-water interface underlying the marine fish cages floating on the open coastal waters off Tong-Young, the South Coast of Korea. The effects of cage farming on coastal benthic environment and on mass balance of organic carbon in the benthic boundary layer under the marine fish cages are addressed. In a growing season of caged fishes of June, 1995, benthic chambers and sediment traps were deployed on the sediment-water interfaces of the two sites chosen for this study: 1) Cage Site, directly underlying the fish cages of the farm at 18 m water depth, and 2) Control Site, about 100 m away from the farm at 32 m water depth. Benthic respiration rates and chemical fluxes were calculated from the evolution of dissolved oxygen and chemicals in the chamber water, and mass balance of organic carbon in the benthic boundary layer was constructed based on the vertical flux of particulate organic matter (POM) and chemical fluxes out of the sediment. High organic dumping (6400 mg C $m^{-2}d^{-1}$) and high benthic respiration (230 mmol $O_2\;m^{-2}d^{-1}$) were observed at the Cage Site. Equivalent to 40% of vertical flux of organic carbon into the Cage Site seemed to be decomposed concurrently and released back to overlying waters (2400 mg C $m^{-2}d^{-1}$). Consequently, up to 4000 mg C $m^{-2}d^{-1}$ of organic carbon could be buried into the farm sediment (equivalent to 60% of organic carbon flux into the Cage Site). At the Control Site, relatively less input of organic carbon (4000 mg C $m^{-2}d^{-1}$) and low benthic respiration rate (75 mmol $O_2\;m^{-2}d^{-1}$) were observed despite short distance away from the cages. The influence of cage farming on benthic chemical fluxes might be restricted and concentrated in the sea bottom just below the fish cages in spite of massive organic dumping and high current regime around the fish cage farm.

• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.28 no.5
• /
• pp.1-7
• /
• 2014

The present study has been conducted to analyse the effects of various pool diameters on the measurement of heat release rate (HRR) of heptane fire using large scale cone calorimeter (LSC). The burning rate which is the major parameter for HRR compared with the previous model suggested by A. Hamins. The combustion efficiency for heptane by oxygen consumption method is about 91%, which is almost same with the previous results of 92% suggested by J. Gore. The convective HRR by enthalpy consumption method was 54% lower than HRR by oxygen consumption method. This results are practical use for establishing the reliability of heat release rate for fire experiment.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.49-54
• /
• 1994

Postoperative brain damage is one of most serious complications of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). To prevent brain damage during CPB, adequate cerebral perfusion for cerebral oxygen demand should be maintained. This study monitored jugular venous oxyhemoglobin saturation ($SjO_2$), which reflects the overall balance of cerebral oxygen supply and demand, intermittently in 10 patients undergoing cardiac surgery. At the initiation of CPB, in spite of a significant decrease in mean arterial pressure, $SjO_2$ did not change, and it was stable during the hypothermic period of CPB. But a significan reduction in $SjO_2$ was observed during the rewarming period, and $SjO_2$ had an inverse linear correlation with esophageal temperature. Furthermore, the percent decrease of $SjO_2$ was related to rewarming speed. Therefore, therapeutic approaches for $SjO_2$ desaturation include slower rewarming, increasing cerebral blood flow, decreasing the cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen, increasing oxygen content, and increasing perfusion flow rate.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.15 no.7
• /
• pp.1591-1597
• /
• 2011

In this paper, on cardiopulmonary function in the intensive care unit over the direction of the state to define the diagnostic or therapeutic cardiac output Study on Implementation of measures as a platform, Swan-Ganz Catheter with sensor inserted into the body by inserting a saline solution Using temperature change caused by using thermodilution be used to obtain cardiac output. Swan-Ganz Catheter with temperature sensors and pressure sensors and sensor value which is entered through the acquisition more closely if the cardiac output CO, systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance, oxygen consumption and may be able to more accurately calculate the patient's condition than accurate diagnosis and treatment is possible.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
• /
• 2008.05a
• /
• pp.274-280
• /
• 2008

The study of subjects were 8 persons. The study measured VO2max of each person and substituted METs at exercise intensity of both VO2max 50% and VO2max 70% in accordance with energy consumption formula to set exercise time at energy consumption of both 300kcal and 600kcal. And, the study substituted inclination and rate at exercise intensity that was measured at preliminary test. T, B, NK cell varied depending upon aerobic exercise to have no significant difference of exercise intensity at relative ratio of T, B, NK lymphocyte of all of lymphocytes and to have significant difference of Expenditures Calorie (p<.01) and interaction (p<.05) by T cell and Expenditures Calorie (p<.01) by B cell and Expenditures Calorie (p <.001) and interaction (p<.05) by NK cell.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• v.46 no.3
• /
• pp.561-566
• /
• 2008

Gasification plant using petroleum coke for refinery and power generation process is increased from considering petroleum coke as a valuable fuel. In this study, gasification of petroleum coke was performed to utilize petroleum coke and to develop essential technology using 1T/D coal gasification system. In case of petroleum coke gasification, because of lower reactivity, consumption of oxygen is higher than coal gasification. The calorific value of syngas from petroleum coke mixed with coal at a mass ratio of 1:1 shows about $6.7{\sim}7.2MJ/Nm^3$. Although carbon conversion could reach more than 92% according to oxygen amount, cold gas efficiency shows lower value than the case of coal. Therefore, it was shown that complemental study in burner design to atomize slurry droplet is required to elevate gasification performance of petroleum coke which has lower reactivity than coal.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.33 no.4 s.92
• /
• pp.374-379
• /
• 2000

To elucidate the degradation mechanisms of organic materials in Lake Paldang, oxygen consuming rates in the water column, high molecular weight (HMW) organic materials and aggregates were analyzed. Also the chlorophyll a concentrations and environmental factors were measured three times in 1999. The concentrations of chlorophyll a ranged $5.5{\sim}14.2\;mg/m^3$ with the highest peak of $57.7\;mg/m^3$ at the surface water in April. Chlorophyll a concentration of aggregates retrieved from traps in 5 m and 20 m depths in May were 2779.5, $9044.8\;mg/m^3$, respectively. Those vlaues were more than 6 times higher compared with other months, and more than 49 times higher than water column chlorophyll a. Oxygen consuming rates of water column were in the narrow range of $0.4{\sim}0.5\;mg\;O_2\;l^{-1}\;day^{-1}$. HMW organic materials were using only small amount of oxygen, $0.01{\sim}0.04\;mg\;O_2\;l^{-1}\;day^{-1}$. The aggregates retrieved from 5 m depth by sediment trap consumed the oxygen in the range of $0.48{\sim}0.69\;mg\;O_2\;l^{-1}\;day^{-1}$, while aggregates collected from 20 m depth, 0.88 to $1.04\;mg\;O_2\;l^{-1}\;day^{-1}$. With these results, the HMW appeared not to be degraded in the water column, instead they seemed to be concentrated and affected the sediment oxygen demand.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.195-207
• /
• 2001

The variations of D.O and pH due to the inflow of seawater by sluice gates operation were observed in the Lake Shihwa, Korea. The distributions of D.O and pH were investigated at 11 stations during Feburary 1997 to July 1998. The concentration of D.O before gate operation was 10 mg/l or more all over the watershed, yet 5 mg/l or less in the water layers of 11 m or below from March to June 1997. Anoxic layer appeared in June 1997 and expanded during rainy season. The anoxic layer in the lake depleted the oxygen in seawater as seawater was inflowed. It may be interpreted that the phenomenon comes from the contact of seawater to lower fresh water. The contact of seawater in pH 7.8 to 8.2 to lower water less than pH 7.4 enhanced to oxidize. After January 1998, D.O of the lake increased over 10 mg/l and the stratification was weakened. As a result, it may be concluded that the best way to improve the water qualities is to increase the amount of seawater inflow and outflow so as not to be generated pycnocline in summer.