• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.179-184
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• 2003

This study investigated the relationship of fuel weight and depth together with slope on the spread of forest fire. Fire spread was faster on the greater slope in forested land. Fire had a greater spread rate with lighter fuel weight. The thickness of the fuel bed and forest fire spread rate were not related. The fire spread rate was closely related to the slope and weight of the fuel bed (significant at 0.01, 0.05, respectively). The thickness of the fuel bed was not significant (0.05).

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.213-217
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• 2003

Forest fire spread and intensity were modeled as a function of wind and fuel. Spread rate and intensity of forest fire were related to weight and thickness of forest fuel beds and to wind speed. Forest fire spread rate and fire intensity were differentiated according to wind speed. Rapid wind speed causes a faster forest fire spread rate and greater fire intensity than does slow wind speed. Relative burning time of the fire from beginning to end in the model was 161 sec at a wind speed of 0.5 m/sec and 146 sec at 1m/sec on the model. Average forest lire spread rate was 0.014 m/sec at a wind speed of 0.5 m/sec and 0.020 m/sec at 1m/sec. Average fire intensity was 0.183 ㎾/m at a wind speed of 0.5 m/sec, 0.259 ㎾/m at 1m/sec. Fire intensity was greater when forest fire spread rate was rapid.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.96-102
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• 2009

Forest fire ignition and spread characteristics are needed as basic data in fire management. Slope aspect of ignition point, spread direction, and wind direction at that time were analyzed and regression equations were proposed for predicting burned area, fire perimeter, head spread rate, and flank spread rate using combustion time using 101 forest fires broken out between 2007 and 2009 spring. 57% forest fires of investigated numbers were ignited in south, southwest, and southeast aspects and 68% of forest fires were spreaded to east, southeast, and northeast influenced by westerly wind. About 11.8ha forest was burned and 0.5km fire perimeter increase was predicted per hour. Head and flank spread rate were calculated 0.13km and 0.05km, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.75-79
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• 2008

As Information Technology developed, Information requirement has been went higher. In the field of GIS(Geographic Information System) more information is processed more quickly and accurately. Especially, quick analysis of forest fire information (topography, ignition point, weather condition, etc.) over a wide area is essential in order to minimize victim, environmental damage, and economical damage, decide course of evacuating, estimate a fire spread course, and attack resource arrangement. We determined a fire spread distance at each unit time through an experiment with various slope degrees and distinction of flat, upslope and downslope. For the tests on the upslope, as the slope increased, the rate of spread increased. On the downslope in contrast with the upslope, as the slope increased, the rate of spread decreased. We analyzed a spread rate of forest fire on each slope as the method classified upslope(+) and downslope(-) using the results obtained from the experiment. Consequently, the proposed method is able to be used to effectively support the attack of forest fire by providing accurate predictions of fire spread.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.90 no.6
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• pp.781-787
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• 2001

The spread rate of forest fire was analyzed on Samcheok forest fire that broke out on April 7, 2000 in Kunduck-Myun, Samcheok-City, Kangwon-Province and lasted for about 9 days. The spatial database including topography, overstory species distribution, micro-climate, daily fire front lines for the area was built using GIS and the daily spread pattern was investigated to determine a multiple regression equation to estimate forest fire spread rate. The results of the investigation showed that, on the first day, the forest fire spreaded out extremely fast up to 12.3m/min at about 10 a.m. until noon. After that, the forest fire spread rate fluctuated and slowed down as low as below 1m/min and quenched on April 15. The daily area-based spread rate along the fire spread line got to the peak of about 5,700ha on April 11, of which spread rates were recorded as 2.84m/min in the first half and 1.10m/min in the second half. Also, it was found that slope aspect, wind velocity and % area distribution of Pinus densiflora are the major factors affecting the spread rate of forest fire in this area.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.1581-1586
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• 2016

In this paper, we propose a central disaster monitoring system of the forest fire. This system provides the safe-zone and detection to reduce the suppression efforts. In existing system, it has a few providing the predicting of wildfire spread model and speed through topography, weather, fuel factor. This paper focus on the forest fire diffusion model and predictions of the path identified to ensure the safe zone. Also we have considering the forest fire of moving direction and speed for fire suppression and monitering. The proposed algorithm could provide the technique to analyze the attribute information that temperature, wind, smoke measured over time. This proposed central observing monitoring system could provide the moving direction of spred out forecast wildfire. This observing and monitering system analyze and simulation for the moving speed and direction forest fire, it could be able to predict and training the forest fire fighters in a given environment.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2010.10a
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• pp.131-135
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• 2010

우리나라는 산림이 울창하고 가연성 낙엽 등의 가연성 물질들이 많이 쌓여 있으며, 경사가 급하고 기복이 많은 산지로서 초기진화 실패 시 연소진행 속도가 빨라 급속히 확산 시키는 산악 형 산림으로서 산불 발생 시 진화가 어려워 산불의 확산 속도와 강도를 추정하기 어려운 실정이다. 현재 산불이 발생과 동시에 초기 진화에만 초점을 마치고 있는 시점에서 초기 진화에 실패했을 경우 산불이 확산되는 경로와 시간 등을 예측하여 최소한의 인력과 장비를 이용하여 진화하는 시스템을 구축할 수 있는 경우는 아직 우리나라에서는 미흡하다. 본 연구에서는 특정지역의 국부지형 기상인자(풍향, 풍속)를 측정하여 산불이 발생 시 인자별 특성에 따라서 산불의 진행 경로와 산불의 진화 시나리오를 예측할 수 있는 시스템을 구축하는데 그 목적이 있다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.94 no.6
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• pp.481-487
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• 2005

In this study, a GIS model to simulate the behavior of surface forest fires was developed on the basis of forest fire growth prediction algorithm. This model consists of three modules for data-handling, simulation and report writing. The data-handling module was designed to interpret such forest fire environment factors as terrain, fuel and weather and provide sets of data required in analyzing fire behavior. The simulation module simulates the fire and determines spread velocity, fire intensity and burnt area over time associated with terrain slope, wind, effective humidity and such fuel condition factors as fuel depth, fuel loading and moisture content for fire extinction. The module is equipped with the functions to infer the fuel condition factors from the information extracted from digital vegetation map sand the fuel moisture from the weather conditions including effective humidity, maximum temperature, precipitation and hourly irradiation. The report writer has the function to provide results of a series of analyses for fire prediction. A performance test of the model with the 2002 Chungyang forest fire showed the predictive accuracy of 61% in spread rate.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.417-421
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 우리나라 전역에 군락으로 서식하는 상록 다년초인 맥문동을 이용한 현장 실험을 실시하여 지표화 방지 및 확산속도 저지를 위한 산불 이격거리를 제시하고자 삼척시 검봉산 맥문동 식재지에서 식재지 미식재지 총 4종류의 실험구를 설정하고 실험한 결과 맥문동 식재지는 미식재지에 비해 1.1-2.9배 산불확산속도 저지 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 지표화 발생시 산림내로 확산되기 전 초동진화에 필요한 시간(30분)을 감안하면, 산림인접지 부근의 식재폭은 최소 69m 최대 203m가 필요한 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.122-128
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• 2007

GIS is used much research for efficient forest fire management and forecasting and slope has been known as high-leverage thing in spread of forest fire specially. Various algorithms are used usually to calculate slope angle of topography from DEM(Digital elevation model). However, because spread speed of forest fire is different according to uphill slope and downhill slope, it need new slope calculation algorithm. Therefore, developed slope calculation algorithm can reflect uphill slope and forest fire spread speed of looking downhill slope.