• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
• /
• v.24 no.6
• /
• pp.1143-1157
• /
• 2004

The purpose of this study was to develop HS-VOSTS(High School Students' Views On Science-Technology-Society), which is an instrument that monitors high school students' views on STS. For this study, 23 multiple-choice items were developed on four categories. First, a categorial scheme was constructed. The categorial scheme was based on many instruments that evaluate students' understanding on STS, literature review, and STS learning goal that many researchers had asserted. Second, the multiple-choice items were developed. The development of the items was carried out through four steps. In the first step, some pairs of statement on each subordinate category were formed. Next, the student statement questionaries which were based on the pairs of statement were responded by 772 students. In the second step, the response written by the students were analyzed to common viewpoints and the first multiple-choice items were constructed. In the third step, the semistructured interview with 28 high school students was implemented and the second multiple-choice items were constructed. In the fourth step, the final version of the instrument was developed through the analysis of the students' response on the second multiple-choice items. HS-VOSTS is an useful instrument for monitoring students' beliefs and viewpoints on STS topics. The results of the students' responses to HS-VOSTS items reflect the students' own thoughts directly. These results will give some implications for the curriculum developers, the authors of text books and the educational policy makers as well as the teachers.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.37 no.5
• /
• pp.318-326
• /
• 2023

The floristic target species (FTS) has been widely used as a important tool for environmental assessment in Korea. Here the floristic district is a key criterion for the selection and evaluation of FTS. The aim of this study is to clarify the intellectual meaning of the floristic district i.e. a sort of phytogeographical subunit. We reviewed 7 main literatures related to the floristic district. Nakai's 1919 Ulleungdo flora survey report was first to mention a region and/or province in terms of general geographical divisions. In 1977, the floristic district map of the Korea vascular plants was first described by Oh. In 1978, Lee & Yim proposed a new floristic district map dividing the central and southern regions, and the district boundaries have been adjusted by many other researchers. In the end, the floristic district map modified slightly from Lee & Yim's map was nationally recognized in 2018. However, the boundaries of floristic districts were inconsistent, both in their setting and adjustment, as well as the indicator species of the district. No basis for this inconsistency could be confirmed. We concluded that all district maps depend on arbitrary lines drawn a priori, and finally proposed the following two ecological strategies to ensure the effectiveness and practicality of the FTS as a scientific means for environmental impact assessment and national flora evaluation: (i) designing to achieve the flora list and the floristic district based on nativeness of plant distribution, (ii) constructing a habitat-based floral monitoring system.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.9-18
• /
• 2001

The present study was undertaken to classify and describe the oak (Quercus spp). forests on Mts. Kaya, Bisul, Unmun and Kaji in southern Kyongpook Province, Korea by using a reciprocal averaging method (RA ordination) and the methodology of the ZM school of phytosociology. A temporary vegetation table was prepared by the RA ordination. The diagnostic species of the Quercus forests derived from the ordination were compared with the characteristic and differential species of the existing phytosociological vegetation units of the other mountainous areas of Korea. As a result, the forest vegetation was classified into the next vegetation units: Fagetea crenatae Miyawaki et al. 1968; Acero-Quercetalia mongolicae Song 1988; Rhododendro-Qurcion mongolicae Song 1988, 1. Stephanandra incisa-Quercus mongolica community 1-1 Sasa borealis subcommunity, 1-2 Disporum smilacinum subcommunity; Lespedezo-Quercion serratae Takeda et al. 1994, 2. Spodiopogon sibiricus-Quercus serrata community. The Rhododendro-Qurcion mongolicae and the Lespedezo-Quercion serratae correspond to the cool-temperate forests of the northern type and the southen type (Honda 1922), respectively, in the Korean Peninsula. Also some phytosociological problems in Korea were discussed here in detail from the floristic viewpoint in the present study.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.32 no.2
• /
• pp.185-202
• /
• 2018

Many ecological studies regarding forest succession, which is the process of arriving at climax forest through ecological changes, have suggested that Carpinus laxiflora is the leading tree type of the climax forest of temperate zone in South Korea. However, most of these studies on C. laxiflora forest have focused on vegetation structure and succession process in specific areas or regional physiognomical forest communities, and thus some may question whether it is rational to consider C. laxiflora forest as the climax forest in South Korea's temperate forest zone. The purpose of this study was to analyze the vegetation classification, species composition, and stratum structure and to investigate the succession tendency with the vegetation data collected from C. laxiflora forests in 75 quadrates in 17 mountains between 2014 and 2017. We used the phytosociological method to analyze the vegetation structure and the importance value to analyze the stratum structure. The results showed the floristic composition of 6 vegetation units and 9 species groups. The hierarchy of the C. laxiflora community group was represented by the Ulmus laciniata community, Corylus heterophylla community (subdivided Quercus aliena group and Corylus heterophylla typical group), and Rhododendron schlippenbachii community (subdivided Fraxinus chiisanensis group, Carpinus tschonoskii group, and Rhododendron schlippenbachii typical group). Successional tendency of C. laxiflora forest based on the importance of each layer is predicted to be the total of three types such as to maintain the stand (vegetation units 2, 3, and 6), to success the Carpinus cordata forest (vegetation units 1 and 4), and to success Quercus acuta forest (vegetation unit 5).

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.82-92
• /
• 2007

The purposes of this study were to classify community and to analyzse vegetation-environment relationships in the forest community of Ulleung Island. The forest community of Ulleung Island was classified into Pinus thunbergii community, Pinus densiflora community, Neolitsea sericea community, Pinus parviflora community, and Fagus multinervis - Sorbus commixta community. Since the results of phytosociological community classification were consistent with that of TWINSPAN, it proved that these two methods could complement when one does a community classification. There was a difference in chemical characteristic of soil among study communities. The community had high soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorous, and cation exchange capacity compared to forest soil of Korea. The soil pH ranged from 4.66 to 5.80. The soil texture in the study communities was loam or sandy loam. According to the ordination analysis, elevation, exchangeable Na, K, Ca, Mg, soil pH, and content of sand and silt affect the distribution of community.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.32 no.4
• /
• pp.392-412
• /
• 2018

This study was conducted from 2012, which was a year before forest road construction in Minjujisan, to 2015 to verify effects on flora and vegetation change annually before and after the construction, and to provide strategies to examine and manage flora changes. The plant communities in the investigated area around the forest road is separated by the slopes into Quercus mongolica community is on the northwestern slope and Quercus variabilis and Larix kaempferi communities is on the southwestern slope. The annual investigation of flora change before and after the construction showed that there were 209 taxa that had 71 families, 153 genera, 178 species, 27 varieties, and 4 forma in 2015 while there were 66 taxa that had 44 families, 59 genera, 51 species, 13 varieties, and 2 forma in 2012 before the construction, indicating an increase of 143 texa before and after the construction. The investigation of the slope area adjacent to the forest road constructed in 2013, in particular, showed increasing coverage and taxa each year after the construction. This was caused by significantly increased light transmittance after the construction. The investigation in 2015 showed increased coverage of herbaceous layer the year after development of the forest road and the remarkable increase of the coverage of shrub layer in 2015. Further, the coverage on the slope adjacent to the forest road increased more in 2015 than in 2013 and 2014. Therefore, we expect supplementary studies will help to generate a detail manual on flora and vegetation change before and after forest road construction.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.36 no.4
• /
• pp.413-421
• /
• 2022

This study was conducted to identify the vegetation structure of the Abies nephrolepis forests by analyzing species composition in Mt. Doota and Mt. Cheongok in the Gangwon region with the phytosociological method. In order to perform a field investigation, 18 survey areas with an area of about 400 m2 were set up for the stands where A. nephrolepis grow wild. Communities were classified through TWINSPAN and visualized using DCA (Detrended Correspondence Analysis). Species diversity analysis, importance value analysis, and DBH class analysis were employed to identify the characteristics of each community. As a result, the A. nephrolepis forests in Mt. Doota and Mt. Cheongok have been classified into 4 communities; GroupI, II, III and IV. GroupIis Quercus mongolica-A. nephrolepis competitive forest dominated by Q. mongolica and A. nephrolepis in the order. Group II is A. nephrolepis-Betula ermanii competitive forest dominated by A. nephrolepis, Sorbus commixta, and B. ermanii in the order. Group III is dominated by A. nephrolepis, but is expected to have competition between A. nephrolepis and Q. mongolica in the future due to the mass occurrence of Q. mongolica saplings. A. nephrolepis, S. commixta, and Q. mongolica are the dominant species in Group IV, and A. nephrolepis is the major dominant species in all layers. The species diversity of the A. nephrolepis forests in Mt. Doota and Mt. Cheongok is lower than other A. nephrolepis forests in Mt. Seorak, Maruguem, and Mt. Odae. It is necessary to establish conservation measures and to continuously monitor the A. nephrolepis forests in Mt. Doota and Mt. Cheongokis due to the harsh environment and the competition that may occur between A. nephrolepis and deciduous trees such as Q. mongolica in the future.

• Archives of design research
• /
• v.20 no.1 s.69
• /
• pp.143-154
• /
• 2007

The purpose of this study is to investigate fashion product image evaluation according to life-style groups of middle-aged women. The subject of investigation was 352 middle-aged women from 35 to 59 living in Daegu by random sampling method in April and May, 2005. The investigation was carried out by questionnaires which were composed of 3 sections: Fashion product image measure, Life style research and demographic variables(age, academic background, occupation, monthly clothing allowance, monthly income). The statistical methods to analyze the data were frequency, percentage, average, factor analysis, cluster analysis, ANOVA, Duncan's multiple range test. The results are summarized as follows: 1. As a result of factor analysis for fashion product image, the four factors including noble image, bold image, practical image, female image were extracted. 2. Middle-aged women were classified into four life-style groups including tradition oriented group, negative oriented group, activity oriented group and appearance oriented group. 3. Significant differences in fashion product image preferences according to life-style groups were found. Tradition oriented group preferred noble image and practical image. Negative oriented group tended to pursue practical image. Activity oriented group pursued a bold image. Appearance oriented group liked a noble image the best and then noble image, bold image in order.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.119-129
• /
• 1999

The bryophyte communities on the forest floor of the mixed coniferous and deciduous broad-leaf forest and the evergreen coniferous forest of cool temperate and subalpine zones in Mts. Taebaek, Odae and Sulak of Tabaek Range were investigated from. the numerical and phytosociological viewpoints. As a result, four bryophyte communities were recognized there, considering the species composition of vascular vegetation; A. Thuja koraiensis-Abies nephrolepis/Taxus caespitosa-Pinus pumila/Hylocomium splendens-Pleurozium schreberi community, B: Sasamorpha borealis-Abies nephrolepis/Plagiomnium cuspidatum- Aulacomnium heterostichum community, C. Abies holophylla-Abies nephrolepis/Thuidium recognitum-Trachycystis immarginata cristatus community, D. Meehania urticifolia-Abies nephrolepis/Hylocomiopsis ovicarpa-Taxiphyllum aomoriense community. Among these, the community A was distributed in higher altitudes and characterized by the species group of the holarctic elements, e.g. Hylocomium splendens, Pleurozium schreberi, Dicranum majus, etc. limited in subarctic; subalpine and arctic; alpine zones and was confirmed as synusies of the Thujo-Abietetum nephrolepidis Song 1991 and Taxo-Pinetum pumilae Song 1985 belonging the Vaccinio-Piceetea Br.-Bl. 1939. In contrast the communities B, C and D were distributed in the mixed coniferous and deciduous broad-leaf forest of lower altitudes and characterized by the elements of the cool temperate; montane zone. They were confirmed as synusies belonging to the Corylo-Quercetum mongolicae Song 1988. By the result of the numerical syntaxonomical analysis such as cluster analysis, interspecific association, PCA, the communities were largely divided into the two types. The two types coincided with the community units or the diagnostic species of the bryophyte communities of the subalpine zone and the montane zone, respectively. Also the analysis revealed that the division of the above two forest zones are justifiable. Up to date many investigator have described the coniferous forest distibuted above 1000m in Taebaek mountains as the forest vegetation of subalpine zone. However, from the results of the present study, the boundary of the mixed forest and the true subalpine coniferous forest was elucidated to be ca. 1,500 m phytosociologically. Species richness was the highest in the community A, and the other four communities showed a similar species richness.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.54-61
• /
• 2010

This study used a bio-social approach in classifying the vegetation communities of evergreen broad-leaved forest in Hongdo island of Korea, and the results are as follows: Quercus acuta community, Daphniphyllum macropodum community, and Carpinus coreana community. The composition of soil properties in the same areas are as follows:soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorous, exchangeable K, exchangeable Ca, exchangeable Mg contained, cation exchange capacity, and soil pH. The capacities of these chemical properties of the soil ranged from 6.49~13.71%, 0.1 9~0.46%, 26.1 9~10.63(mg/kg), 0.24~0.56($cmol^+$/kg), 0.68~3.19($cmol^+$/kg), 0.83~1.82($cmol^+$/kg), 9.74~22.55($cmol^+$/kg), and 4.04~4.14 respectively. The Carpinus coreana community was found in the high elevation areas; Quercus acuta community, and Darphniphyllum macropodum community were also found in the low elevation. However, Quercus acuta communiη, compared with Daphnihyllum macropodum community, was found in the areas that contained more total nitrogen, cation exchange capacity, and exchangeable Ca.