• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.85-110
• /
• 2011

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the social costs of inland trucking and maritime transport between Kwangyang Port in Korea and the Great Lakes in US. Also, this study compares these social costs each other, and finds the way how to internalize them for the efficiencies of national logistics policies. This study uses the Contingent Valuation Method to evaluate the social costs for the two transport modes in each country. The final result is that the social cost difference between inland trucking and maritime transport around US Great Lakes area is not so significant that there are not many chances to enhance the maritime transport in the region. However, in case of Korea, there is significant difference in social costs between the two transport modes, so that Korea government may have a lot of chances to improve the seaborne trade by way of various internalization policies.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
• /
• v.28 no.4
• /
• pp.1-37
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this paper is to estimate the social costs induced by various transport modes such as truck, rail and sea vessel. For this purpose, we introduce the damage function of each transport modes, and estimate social costs for 10 items using Meta Analysis. As a results, this study can find that shipping is the most efficient transport mode because it gives the lowest social costs among them. This study also find that the iso-cost transport distance that gives the equal social costs between the transport modes. Our methodology can be thought somewhat inferior to the Contingent Valuation Methods, however the advantage of this methodology is that we can decomposite the total social costs into item by item and can apply it to other researches.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.1-28
• /
• 2018

This study investigates the strategic environmental corporate social responsibility (ECSR) of polluting duopoly when two firms have different production costs and compete with prices. We then examine an endogenous timing game in choosing ECSR and its effects on environmental damage and social welfare. The followings are the main findings: First, sequential choice of ECSR is strategic complements and it provides late adopter advantage irrespective of cost difference. Second, sequential choice of ECSR is the equilibrium of endogenous timing game. In particular, an efficient firm-leading ECSR is the payoff dominance equilibrium when cost difference is significant. Finally, environmental damage and social welfare depend on the social cost of pollution. In particular, an efficient firm-leading ECSR is socially desirable when social cost is high. However, an inefficient firm-leading ECSR increases environmental damage irrespective of social cost and it reduces social welfare when cost difference is significant.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.59-78
• /
• 1998

'90년대에 들어서면서 급속한 경제성장과 함께 자동차수가 급증하여 '97년에는 1.000만대를 돌파 하였다. 자동차수의 증가와 함께 교통사고도 나날이 늘어 '96년에는 사망자가 12,600여명에 이르렀다. 교 통사고는 막대한 인명피해와 함께 사회적으로 많은 비용을 소모한다. 교통사고로 인한 사회적 비용의 추정은 교통안전사업의 효과분석 및 기타 교통관련사업에서 꼭 필요한 자료이다. 이제까지 국내에서 수 행된 교통사고비용은 1년간의 전체 사고비용만을 추정하고 사고등급별 사고건당 사고비용은 도출하지 못하였다. 이에 본연구는 교통관련사업에서 꼭필요한 자료이다. 이제까지 국내에서 수행된 교통사고 비 용은 1년간의 전체 사고비용만을 추정하고 사고등급별 사고건당 사고비용은 도출하지 못하였다. 이에 본 연구는 교통관련사업에 필수적인 사고심각도에 따른 교통사고비용을 도출하려한다. 교통사고비용을 산출하는 대표적인 방법에는 총생산손실법과 개인선호성법이 있으나 본연구에서는 총생산손실법을 이용 하였다. 교통사고비용 항목은 사고로 인한 생산손실비용, 의료비용, 차량수리비용, 행정비용 및 PGS(Pain, Grief & Suffering) 비용으로 구분된다. 이중에서 PGS비용은 국내에서는 처음으로 고려된 항 목으로 교통사고 피해자 및 가족의 물질적·정신적 피해비용을 의미한다. 본연구에서는 각 항목의 비용 추계를 가능한 한 종합적이고 체계적이며 구체적으로 산출하였으며 그결과 사고등급별 건당 교통사고비 용을 도출하였다. PGS를 고려하지 않은 경우 사망사고 1건당 2억4천만원이고 중상사고 1건당 2천3백만 원 경상사고 1건당 7백 9십만원으로 추정되었다. 또한 사망자와 부상자 1인당 평균사고비용은 각각 2억 1천만원과 1천1백만원으로 나타났다.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
• /
• v.4 no.4
• /
• pp.187-199
• /
• 2018

In this study, only 2,877 men, 2,614 men (44.6%), and 143 women (2.3%) were selected as the subjects who were over 18 years old in response to the health consciousness of the Korean medical panel data in 2012. Emergency of smokers through medical use and medical expenditure data by smoking. The social costs were estimated through medical expenses according to the number of hospitalization and outpatient medical use. The social cost was calculated by summing the social expenditure on health care costs, insurer (corporation) costs, copayment, non - salary, and productivity costs by adopting the social perspective established by the health economist Rice (1968). The rate of annual emergency medical use by smoking status is 7.5% for smokers per 100 people, 9.8 times for use, and 809,003 won for social expenses. The annual rate of hospitalization per 100,000 population by smoking status was 9.6% for smokers per 100 population, 9 times for use, The social cost is 706,870 won. Annual smoking rate by smoking status was 68.6% for smoking, 9 cases for annual medical use,

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.148-158
• /
• 2011

As critical infrastructure, bridges play an indispensable role in facilitating the distribution of goods. When bridges reach their end of useful life or get damaged by natural disasters such as earthquakes or storms, they have to be removed and reconstructed. When bridges in service need to be reconstructed, user costs occur from vehicle detours and traffic congestions, and social costs occur from noise and dust during construction periods. However, these user and social costs are not considered during reconstruction and the evaluation methods of those costs are vague. Thus, there is lack of appropriate bridge types that consider these costs. Therefore, this paper identifies the social overhead costs that occur during bridge reconstruction, which is also called, users' socioeconomic values. Next, it proposes a method to evaluate user costs during bridge reconstruction, and appraises the method. User costs are evaluated based on traffic information, social and material volumes including the bridge's daily traffic volume, peak hours, detour distance and time. In addition, time delay costs due to traffic operational costs and bridge reconstruction are also taken into consideration.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.33 no.3
• /
• pp.1087-1094
• /
• 2013

This study aims at enhancing the objective estimation of social cost of air quality due to mobile emission. More specifically, it examines the difference between the daily oriented and hourly oriented estimation results of social air quality cost and draws implications from the comparative analysis. The result indicates that the social cost of air quality differs up to approximately 24 times depending on the analysis time period. Moneywise, the difference between daily and hourly assignments amounts to the average of 653.5 billion won whereas only 1% of error occurred in the estimation result based on peak and nonpeak based hourly assignment. This study reaffirms the need for time-based travel demand management for emission reduction, and confirms the feasibility of emission estimation by travel demand forecasting method over the conventional method employed by the CAPSS.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.147-176
• /
• 2019

This paper uses research on the Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE) in South Korea to conduct a simulation analysis on the impact of nuclear power dependency and usage rates on the social costs of power generation. We compare the $7^{th}$ basic plan for long-term electricity supply and demand, which was designed to increase nuclear power generation, to the $8^{th}$ basic plan for long-term electricity supply and demand that decreased nuclear power generation and increased renewable energy generation in order to estimate changes in social costs and electricity rates according to the power generation mix. Our environmental generation mix simulation results indicate that social costs may increase by 22% within 10 years while direct generation cost and electricity rates based on generation and other production costs may increase by as much as 22% and 18%, respectively. Thus we confirm that the power generation mix from the $8^{th}$ basic plan for long-term electricity supply and demand compared to the $7^{th}$ plan increases social costs of generation, which include environmental external costs.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 2002.07a
• /
• pp.494-496
• /
• 2002

본 논문에서는 향후 우리나라에 전자계 규제가 이루어질 경우 국민이 부담해야하는 사회 경제적 비용을 추정하였다. 여기에서 사회 경제적 비용의 추정은 전자계 규제치를 만족하기 위해 선로 지상고만을 조정하였을때 추가되는 건설비용을 기준으로 한 기초적 검토 결과로써 송전선로 표준 모델을 사용하여 예측한 결과 $20{\mu}T$로 기준 설정시 부터 사회 경제적 비용이 발생함을 알 수 있었으며, $10{\mu}T$로 기준 설정 시에는 약 20조원의 추가 비용이 발생할 것으로 예상된다.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
• /
• v.61 no.2
• /
• pp.371-389
• /
• 2009

This study estimates the socioeconomic costs of missing children in Korea. The costs were classified as direct costs and indirect costs. The direct costs consisted of direct costs for searching for missing child such as making posters, transportation, and medical costs. The indirect costs were computed by the opportunity costs caused by child missing. The total costs that could be attributable to missing child were estimated to be about 570 million won per long-term missing child. This provides strong evidence that prevention of child missing is the most important and quick recovery after child is missing is the second most important. Missing child incurs substantial socioeconomic costs to the Korean society. Therefore, this study provides strong need for more interest from people who are indifferent to missing child issues and strong support for more government interventions to solve missing child problem in Korea. Further studies are needed to calculate socioeconomic costs of child missing more exactly.