• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
• /
• 2021.01a
• /
• pp.121-122
• /
• 2021

본 연구의 목적은 Big Data를 활용하여 우리나라 아동학대에 영향을 미치는 경제적 불평등, 주거, 방임, 가정폭력 등의 생태체계적 요인을 규명하고자 한다. 이를 위해 Google 트랜드의 지난 5년간(2016.01.10.~ 2021.01.03.)의 경제적불평등-주거-방임-가정폭력-아동학대 등의 주제어 중심의 분석을 시도하였다. 분석결과, 경제적 불평등(B=.159, p<.05), 주거(B=.814, p<.01), 방임(B=.248, p<.001), 가정폭력(B=.151, p<.05)은 아동학대에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

• Iberoamérica
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.1-55
• /
• 2019

In Brazil, racism exists without the clear definition of race. In other words, because there is racism without a clear concept of race, racial issues are complicated in Brazil. Racism is not just a social problem. It is, above all, a political problem that arises from economic separation, exclusion, and marginalization. From the enlargement process of European colonialism, racism has been the most profound and efficient way of governance of social, material, psychological and political domination of Brazil. From this perspective, this study seeks to research racism in Brazil as a race politics. In conclusion, racial discrimination and racial inequality exist in Brazil. Thus, to study the racial discrimination and racial inequalities in Brazil, Chapter 2 examines the origins of racial politics in Brazil. Chapter 3 explores the relations of Brazilian society and races. Chapter 4 examines Black's resistance to racism as a black movement in Brazil. The first half of Chapter 5 looks at 'racial inequality in Brazil' and the latter sees 'racism in Brazil'. Chapter 6, as a conclusion, discusses the challenges and limitations of racial politics in Brazil.

• International Area Studies Review
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.175-194
• /
• 2016

In this study, we aimed to identify the impact of socioeconomic characteristics on the health status of Chinese, which suggests that there might be the phenomena of health inequality in China. We used the year 2000, 2004 and 2009 pooled cross-sectional data of China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS), and utilized the Ordinary Least Square model (OLS) and Ordered Logit Estimation Method for this purpose. Empirical results showed that socioeconomic status and year dummy variables have a meaningful impact on Chinese health status. Therefore, we conclude that the phenomenon of health inequality has existed in China since 2000.

• Korean Journal of Labor Studies
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.1-34
• /
• 2018

This paper attempts to provide a new theoretical approach and an empirical analysis based on it to interrogate the structure of household income inequality and its changes in South Korea in the 2010s. Previous research on inequality in sociology, labor economics and feminism has focused on local inequalities which derive from specific spaces of society. For a comprehensive understanding of social inequality in totality, it requires a discussion of global inequality beyond local inequalities. Thus, a synthetic approach that integrates local inequalities, encompassing class, the labor market, population, and family. By using regression-based inequality decomposition, we decompose the contribution of gender, level of education, employment status, occupation, household composition and wealth to household income inequality. This paper shows that household and wealth, as well as the factors discussed in the previous research, are significant factors affecting household income inequality in South Korea.

• Korea journal of population studies
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.33-50
• /
• 2002

This study examines cross-national patterns of asymmetry of marriage tables with respect to educational level and tries to measure the degree of gender inequality across nations. A Primary assumption of the study is that gender inequality inhibits symmetric marriage between men and women. As men and women differ more in status, the rate of symmetric marriage between them declines thus producing asymmetric marriage with respect to social status. More specifically, the main object of the study is to develop statistical models and index with which to assess the patterns and degree of asymmetric marriage. Additionally, it is intended to assess the appropriateness of several theoretical perspectives for explaining these variations identified by the statistical models. Two most important such perspectives are industrialism and theory of politics and culture. To answer these questions, this study relies on twenty-seven marriage tables with respect to educational level, some from published tables, and some extracted from other sources. The main findings of the study are: (1) compared to less industrialized countries, more industrialized countries have lower degrees of asymmetric marriage(gender inequality) with respect to educational level, and (2) other things being equal, differences in politics and culture seem to have the some impact on marriage pattern; for instance, social democracy and state socialism reduce the degree of asymmetric marriage while the high emphasis on gender-based hierarchy in Asian countries seems to increase it In short, these results suggest a weaker or modified version of industrialists That is, while with economic growth most nations show a decline in the degrees of asymmetric marriage with respect to social status, for some nations the degrees of asymmetric marriage are affected by their specific politics or cultures.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
• /
• v.40 no.1
• /
• pp.235-260
• /
• 2009

This study aims to analyze consumption inequality of Korean elderly households. The justification for analyzing consumption inequality during old age could be summarized as follows. First, due to the rapid growth of elderly population, the intra generational inequality of older people will bring greater consequences to the society in the coming years. Second, inequality is more actualized during old age when income stops playing a major role and the everyday lives are based mostly on consumption activities. For analysis, this study used the 2nd, 5th, 7th and 9th wave of 『Korea Labor and Income Panel Study』. The findings are as follows. First, total consumption inequality of elderly households is gradually decreasing after the economic crisis. Also, the gini coefficient of consumption items representing modern consumption culture, such as expenditures on eating out and car maintenance is decreasing. However, the inequality contribution rate of such items is continually rising, indicating that whereas the elderly households in general are being assimilated to the mainstream consumption culture, the disparity between classes is continually expanding. Second, gini coefficient and inequality contribution rate of the essentials such as food and housing has decreased indicating that basic livelihoods in general has risen. Third, the inequality of education expenditure is increasing after the year 2000 which implies that the problem of education inequality in general might have an effect on elderly households.

• Korean Journal of Social Issues
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.33-56
• /
• 2017

이 연구에서는 서구와 한국에서의 신자유주의화에 대한 기존의 연구성과들에 기반하여 한국적 신자유주의의 특징을 규명하고, 이명박 정부 이후의 구체적인 정책 변화를 검토하여 국가의 정책이 사회적 불평등에 어떠한 영향을 미쳐 왔는지를 확인하고자 한다. 전체적으로 이 연구가 던지는 질문은 다음과 같다: "국민경제는 계속 성장하고 있다는데, 나는 왜 먹고살기가 더욱 어려워지는가?"라는 질문에 대해 어떻게 대답할 것인가? 이 연구는 이론적인 차원에서 이에 대한 대답은 '신자유주의적 금융화의 진전'이라는 현상과 관련하여 설명되어야 한다는 관점에서 출발한다. 이러한 방식의 설명을 위해 이 글에서 파악하고자 하는 내용은 다음과 같다: 한국에서 신자유주의화 또는 금융화가 전개되는 독특한 양식은 무엇인가? '보수정부' 9년간의 사회경제정책은 이전 시기에 비해 어떤 특징을 나타내는가? 그리고, 이 시기에 한국사회의 사회적 불평등의 정도는 실제로 어떻게 변화하였는가? 글은 신자유주의에 대한 새로운 이론이나 금융화 및 불평등에 대한 새로운 경험적 자료를 제시하기 보다는, 금융화와 불평등에 대한 기존의 논의들을 살펴보고 한국의 신자유주의 및 금융화가 진화해 온 방식과 그 지형도를 그리는 것을 목표로 한다. 그리고 이러한 작업을 통해 향후 기대되는 연구의 방향을 제시하고자 한다. 연구는 첫째로 지난 9년간 전개된 금융정책은 금융이 산업을 지배한다기보다는 오히려 정 반대의 과정으로 진행되도록 했다는 점을 제시할 것이다. 또한, '일하는 복지'라는 사회복지정책 의제와 금융장치의 결합을 통해 개개인의 금융활동에 대한 의존을 심화시켰다는 점을 제시할 것이다. 이러한 정책적 변화들은 곧 물질적인 평등뿐만 아니라, '사회적 권리'로서의 평등을 악화시켰다고 관찰된다.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
• /
• v.42 no.1
• /
• pp.333-370
• /
• 2011

This study views the aged inequalities according to the inequality hypothesis of the life course perspective in OECD 10 countries. Focusing on educational level which is early social status and welfare state regime which is social structure factors of inequality, this study analyzes income inequality for the aged who have transformed into old age period from non-aged period. The analysis is based on the data SHARE of Europe and HRS of USA. The main results of this study are summarized in four points. First, the income inequality is quite high by welfare system and the educational level. Second, the income inequality is somewhat reduced in case the people move from the period of non-aged to the period of aged. However, gini coefficient is still high(0.475). Considering welfare state regimes, although the income inequality is high in conservative regime of non-aged period, this would be higher in aged period. This result supports cumulative advantages/disadvantages hypothesis. The liberal regime remains high income inequality which supports the theoretical argument of status maintenance. Social democratic regime provides evidence to offer some support for the status leveling hypothesis. In there, income inequality is lower in aged period even though income inequality of non-aged period is low. Third, the cumulative advantages/disadvantages of disposable income according to educational level are strengthened and heterogeneity is grown in case people transition from the late period of non-aged to aged period. But public pension has been more equally distributed than gross income. Fourth, seeing welfare state regimes, public pension of aged-period is more inequally distributed than that of non-aged period in liberal and conservative regime. Specially in conservative regime, inequality of gross income is very high and public pension is also inequally distribute So this might show that the social security system strengthens the cumulative advantages/disadvantages. However, in the social democratic regime, public pension is more equally distributed than gross income and it could be much more equally distributed in aged period, which can support the status leveling hypothesis.

• 한국노년학
• /
• v.29 no.4
• /
• pp.1445-1461
• /
• 2009

The primary purpose of this study is to find policy implications by examining the trends in income inequality of the Korean aged and factors contributing to these. For analysis, this study used the 2nd, 5th, 7th and 9th wave of 'Korean Labour and Income Panel Study'. The findings are as follows. First, total income inequality of the elderly rose greatly after 1998 and is decreasing after 2001. Secondly, the Gini coefficient decomposition by income sources shows that earned income was the factor most responsible for the income inequality of the elderly. But its influences of the elderly income inequality is gradually decreasing during analysing periods. Third, assets income and public pensions have a great effects on the elderly income inequality. They increases the income inequality of the elderly households. Forth, interfamily transfer income and public assistance income reduces income inequality of the elderly.

• Korean Journal of Labor Studies
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.1-45
• /
• 2017

This study aims at explaining organizational mechanisms of inequality that has been rising rapidly alongside the proliferation of irregular employment in the post-crisis Korean labor market. It argues that inequality is not sufficiently explained by individual gap in human capital or widespread marketization as such. Social categories into which each individual worker falls seems more important as a source of labor market inequality. Employment types that are composed of regular and irregular employment do not simply indicate the different economic meanings of employment contracts but have rather been institutionalized as a social category of status in the context of inequality over the past two decades. They are also often matched with other social categories such as gender that have created and reproduced greater labor market inequality. We pay attention to the organizational practice of dominant incumbents who make claims for advantages of return based on their exclusive accessibility to limited organizational resources and explain how that particular practice plays a role to increase relational inequality between those insiders who achieve advantageous returns and outsiders mostly irregular workers who are excluded from those resources because of the social categories that they belong to. In this study, we identify seniority based pay as the key organizational practice that justifies categorical differences within the workplace and examine how that particular practice contributes to organizational level segmentation and income ineqaulity.