• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.22
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• pp.77-106
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• 2003

As globalization of communication is going on and as the media have become increasingly central to the world economy, media policy matters have become the province of world economic organizations like the IMF and the WTO. The WTO service negotiation is focused primarily on the discriminatory and quantitative barriers associated with the trade of audiovisual services. Domestic measures such as subsidization, content regulation including quotas, and licensing requirements and restrictions on foreign ownership and control are at issues here. These measures have been successfully implemented by countries wishing to withstand competition from the American audiovisual industry. The debate about trade in audiovisual services is permeated by the unstated assumption that these programs are pure commodities whose production, distribution, exhibition and in turn, values are solely determined by the market forces. It is therefore presumed that liberalization of trade in audiovisual services will benefit all, serving cultural pluralism and diversity as well as economic efficiency. However, this assumption is not shared by developing countries, the recipients of U.S. television material. They argue audiovisual sector requires a social and cultural approach, since it plays a key role in the preservation of people's identity and social bonds. They claim that it is the each state's right to define its media policy and to implement it through the means it considers fit. These clashing views over the nature of the audiovisual material and the ways in which protect cultural pluralism and diversity do not confine to be the realm of theoretical debate. Each state's interest and motivation to protect its local industry and to have a competitive advantage in the international market is working in this battle. Consolidation with the countries like Australia, Canada, and EU nations, in favour of cultural exemption, seems to be the best policy for us. However, we are not entirely free from the WTO pressures, considering relation to the U. S. This study analyzes Korean Broadcasting Law compared with those of other OECD countries and tries to propose some strategical guidelines facing WTO service negotiation in the area of broadcasting.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.52
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• pp.1-29
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• 2018

The notion of 'gift' is one of the effective and fruitful codes for understanding Western civilization. In this study, we will shed light on several meanings, especially by comparing among the three French philosophers that expressed interest in this notion: they are Mauss, Derrida and $Ric{\oe}ur$. Called "father of French ethnography", Mauss claims, in his famous article "Essay on the Gift", that the gift is paradoxically a kind of economic exchange dominated by three obligations: to give, receive, and return. But he strives to establish a moral theory based on the obligation to give. Under the influence of Mauss, Derrida deconstructs the theory of Mauss by devoting attention to 'time', one of the determining elements in studies on the gift. Derrida observes that the gift is established just at the extremely short moment of emergence of the act of giving and that this act is transformed into an economic exchange with passing of time. From it, the impossibility of the gift is derived despite its concrete and real emergence and existence. Under the influence of Mauss, $Ric{\oe}ur$, for his part, is interested in the notion of giving as part of the dialectic between 'love' and 'justice'. According to him, whereas justice is dominated by the economy of gift, namely the logic of equivalence, love, by the logic of 'superabundance'. He focuses on establishing 'Supra-ethics' by considering the fact that the gift is at the core of his religious and philosophical vision. Finally, let us point out that in $Ric{\oe}ur$, this notion of gift ('don') is closely linked to forgiveness ('pardon'), that holds in it the secret of understanding regarding the 'fallible' and 'capable' man.

• Journal of International Area Studies (JIAS)
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.251-284
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• 2010

Through specific cases, this article examines the causes and measures to overcome cultural divergences most frequently encountered by Koreans living in Vietnam and Korean-contacting Vietnamese in terms of mode of communication, mode of living and mode of doing business. Historical reality proves that Vietnam and Korea have a lot in common in history, culture and society, due to the influence from the Chinese culture on both countries. However, each country has its own acculturation, hence, there exist, apart from the normal dissimilarities, differences between the two countries especially in natural environment andpolitical systems. As a result, in Vietnam, Koreans and Vietnamese have met with quite a lot of divergences in communication, business and living activities. In order to overcome these cultural divergences, in addition to the ceaseless efforts made by Koreans in Vietnam and Korean-contacting Vietnamese, there should be concern, assistance as well as cooperation between the people and the authorities of the two countries. We should draw lessons from the groundless or trivial affairs which, springing from the Chinese people's dislike for Koreans, have been blown up and disseminated on the internet; where by we are to reconsider the relationship between Koreans and Vietnamese. What is more, Korea still feels historically ashamed to have sent nearly 350,000 soldiers to the wa rin Vietnam for economic purposes in the past. As our predecessors brought about that historic shame to get bread for our fatherland in exchange, our generation today should approach Vietnam out of a sense of responsibility towards history. Having experienced a period of economic difficulties, Vietnam innovated and started its open-door policy in 1987. However, this event should not be regarded as the reason for us to approach Vietnam with only one rigid economic principle.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.409-437
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to present the specific ways of successful localization by analyzing the success and failures case for localization within the framework of the strategic models through a theoretical background and strategic models of localization. The strategic models of localization are divided by management aspects such as the localization of product and sourcing, the localization of human resources, the localization of marketing, the localization of R&D, harmony with a local community and delegation of authority between headquarters and local subsidiaries. The results, by comparing and analyzing the success and failures case for localization of individual companies operating in India, indicate that in terms of localization of product and sourcing, there are successful companies which procure a components locally and produce a suitable model which local consumers prefer and the failed companies which can not meet local consumers' needs. In case of localization of human resources, most companies recognize the importance of this portion and make use of superior human resource aggressively through a related education. In case of localization of marketing, It is found that the successful companies perform pre-market research & management and build a effective marketing skills & after service network and select local business partner which has a technical skills and carry out a business activities, customer support, complaint handling with their own organization. In terms of localization of R&D, the successful major companies establish and operate R&D center to promote a suitable model for local customers. In part of harmony with a local community, it shows that companies which made a successful localization understand the cultural environment and contribute to the community through CSR. In aspect of delegation of authority between headquarters and local subsidiaries, it is found that most of Korean companies are very weak for this part. there is a tendency to be determined by the head office rather than local subsidiaries. Implication of this thesis is that Korean enterprises in India should carry forward localization of products and components, foster of local human resource who recognize management and system of company and take part in voluntary market strategy decision, wholly owned subsidiary, establishment and operation of R & D center, understanding of local culture and system, corporate social responsibility, autonomy in management.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technology Innovation Society Conference
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• 1998.05a
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• pp.10-10
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• 1998

생명공학의 혁신적 발명성을 매우 잘 보여주는 성공사례의 하나가 사람락토페린을 함유한 형질전환 젖소의 개발이다. 우유의 모유화를 내걸고 있는 본 연구는 국내·외에 막대한 잠재시장 규모가 예상되고 있다. 그러나 생명공학 제품은 ‘생물 재해(Bio Hazard)’에 대한 우려와 윤리문제를 제기할 수 있기 때문에 대중인식(Public Acceptance)에 대한 연구가 매우 중요한 의미를 가지는 것이다. 이러한 상황인식하에 사람락토페린을 함유한 유제품에 대한 소비자행태분석(Consumer Behavior Analysis)을 수행하게 되었다. 본 연구에 사용된 연구방법은 비시장가치평가법 중 임의가치평가법(CVM)을 사용하고 있다. 임의가치평가법은 선진국 특히 본 이론의 발상지인 미국에서 환경재기 가치를 측정하는 방법으로 사용되어 오고 있는데 이를 신상품 및 과학기술의 가치평가법으로 확대하여 연구하여온 필자의 일련의 연구중의 한 시도이다. 좋은 CVM 연구를 수행하기 위해서는 CVM이 요구하는 가치평가방법에 맞추어 설문서가 구성되고 분석되는 일이 무엇보다도 중요한 일이다. 본 연구에서는 CVM의 연구방법에 맞추어 사람락토페린 강화우유에 대한 소비자지불의향(Consumer Willingness to Pay) 조사와 더불어 사람락토페린 강화우유에다가 DHA, 칼슘 등 새로운 기능성 물질을 추가하여 더욱 좋은 기능을 첨가한 경우의 구입할 용의와 지불의향에 대한 조사를 수행하였다. 본 연구에서는 과학기술에 의해 탄생된 신상품에 대한 임의가치평가법의 적용이라는 새로운 시도의 연구라는점을 감안하여 본 연구를 바탕으로 더욱 새로운 문제제기와 추가적인 연구가 필요하다고 생각된다.적인 자세를 견지한다. 한편, 적응의 원리에 입각한 교육은 문화와 전통에 대한 피동적 전승을 넘어서 사회의 변화에 따라 교육체제와 내용을 바꾸는 등 적극적으로 변화에 대응하고, 이러한 변화를 주도할 인간육성에 힘을 기울이는 교육방식을 취한다. 시대적 변화의 소용돌이 속에서 교육은 이제 기왕의 많은 교육적 신화들을 타파하고 뉴 밀레니엄을 준비해야할 기로에 서 있다. 현재의 변화를 슬기롭게 대처하고 미래의 변화에 능동적으로 적응하는 인간을 육성하기 위한 오늘날 교육의 사명은 우선 미래사회를 위한 교육정책의 방향을 수립하는 일이다. 교육정책은 국가의 교육방침으로서 현실 교육문제의 해결도 중요하지만 미래의 발전을 기약할 수 있는 장기적인 비젼과 목표 속에서 정립될 필요가 있다. 이러한 의도하에 본 연구는 21세기를 대비한 교육정책의 방향을 탐색하고 그에 따른 정책적 과제를 제시하는 데 그 목적이 있다. 이러한 목적하에 본고는 \circled1 과거 우리 나라의 교육정책을 반성적으로 회고하고, \circled2 미래사회에 대한 전망과 교육적 시사점을 분석하며, \circled3 마지막으로 21세기의 변화에 적응하기 위한 교육정책의 방향과 과제를 내용으로 제시하고자 한다.탄산염으로의 전환이 진행되고 있다. 이러한 배경으로부터 Uchida그룹에서 개발한 FeiCr/AVTi재료와 현재 분리판 재료로 사용증인 SUS 310, S SUS 316재료에 대해. 산화성 분위기의 5기압까지의 가압하에서, Li-K, Li-Na탄산염에 대하여 부 식거동을 검토한 결과, 가압하에서 내식성이 향상되는 것이 발견되었다. 이유로서는 가압하에서 용융탄산엽의 증가된 산화력으로 보다 치밀한 내식성 산화물 피막

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.23-36
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to make theoretical examinations into the makeup trend shown in digital communication environment and thereby determine potential associations of makeup trend with digital communication environment and characterize said trend, so that it can provide reference materials required for follow-up studies. This study comes to the following findings: First, it is found that there are sociocultural characteristics of digital communication environment, such as interactivity, technology-orientedness, sentiment-orientedness and mixture of time and space. Secondly, it is found that trends developed in makeup fall categorically into interactivity, virtuality, amusement and mobility. Thirdly, it is found that each type of digital communication adopts a mixture and juxtaposition of contemporary styles or categories with traditional ones through eclectic combination based on open-minded and horizontal ideas. Fourthly, it is found that a trend from digital communication environment doesn't coincide perfectly with any makeup trend, but the former trend works interactively and organically with the latter trend on the basis of homogeneity and similarity within a general framework that represents external esthetics of human being. With the creation of digital communication environment, our contemporary society forms as the complex phenomena of digital society in a combination and destruction of different categories beyond any certain international boundary, so that a hybrid tendency appears in contemporary makeup trend as well. Based on these findings, this study has its implications in the sense that it gives a new viewpoint based on design, formative characteristics and expression styles of makeup, and also provides useful reference materials for related industrial sectors.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.337-356
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• 2017

The purpose of the research is to explore the main cause and effect of successful marriage that Korean husbands, who are multicultural families had. To do the research, the experiment has been done with 7 husbands for 2 months. The 7 husbands took depths interview and analyzed the result by grounded theory approach. As a result, the husband experienced 'repentance of marriage' because of 'unready marriage', but 'Raising children', 'Helping housework' and 'recognition from friends and colleague' have affected the husbands to have a successful marriage adaptation. Based on the result, a political and practical proposal has been proposed to the Korean husbands who are multi-cultural family. Here are the examples of the proposal. As a social welfare policy, 'obligation of information offering for prospective spouse', 'following the Labor Standards and parental leave', 'expansion of visiting supervise system' and 'making guidance for husbands and distribute map of Immigration Office, Multicultural Family Support Center and Community Center' have proposed. And as an alternative plan for a practical social welfare policy and continuous social awareness improvement, 'various education program', 'a program with domestic married couple', 'a program with parents-in-law', 'a specific program to increase the housework participation for husbands' and necessity of development and practice of group program for husband have been emphasized.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.67
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• pp.377-414
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• 2021

Since Schwab mentioned the Fourth Industrial Revolution at the World Economic Forum Annual Meeting 2016, discussions have been ongoing about it and the future society. The Fourth Industrial Revolution exceeds the development of technology and influences society, culture, and lifestyle. Moreover, in the face of the COVID-19 crisis, society continues to experience and realize the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Although we hope that this era will surely improve human life, we are also concerned about human alienation and social and economic polarization that may emerge as a consequence. How, then, does Christianity contribute to the public space and set the direction for education in this day and age? This study focused on the role of Christianity and the direction of education during the Fourth Industrial Revolution. First, I examine problems in terms of the inner and outer aspects of individuals and communities that may occur during the Fourth Industrial Revolution through the perspectives of Mitchell, a psychologist, Bellah, a sociologist, McGrath, a theologian, and Bostrom, a philosopher. Through their theories, we can view the lives of individuals in the real, virtual, and transcendental worlds of this era. I find that Christianity can provide a transcendent norm in this world, give meaning to life, and change people and the world. Therefore, I suggest the creation and expression of symbols as a direction for education. For this form of education, I recommend five steps, namely, observing, entering, discovering, participating, and making symbols. In this manner, people can represent the kingdom of God in the real world.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.199-209
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• 2020

"Positive Influence(PI)" of popular star has recently emerged as a social concern, but the lack of prior research has led to confusion over its concept and range of activity. On this point, this study carried out to lay the groundwork for discussions on the systematization of related theories, focused on identifying the current situations by analyzing articles for 15 months from January 2019 to March 2020 when related reports were in full swing. As a result of the analysis of the remarks from the entertainers mentioned in the articles, they were not clearly aware of the concept while doing good deeds under the name of PI in light of the study outcome by Aegean and Singer(2013). The motivations for good deed were classified into six types, including difficulty empathy, fandom reward, participation urge, nidana emphasis, experience subjugation, and memory evocation in the order of frequency of cases. Specific behaviors of PI were followed by donations of money and valuables for 54.4 percent, participation of social agendas for 14.0 percent, volunteering for 13.2 percent, joining campaign for 11.4 percent, other good deeds for 4.0 percent, and philanthropy for 3.0 percent. In occupational analysis, the concentration of donations was also evident. Their activities in the fields of human rights sensitivity, environmental protection and self-management, which are expected to have great effects with their influence, have been extremely poor. The results of the study first require academia to establish a interdisciplinary concept for PI. It also suggests that entertainers and their agencies should take far more strategic approach to evolve the PI event in a way that utilizes the advantages of each job group, such as actors, singers and comedians, and expands the diversity of areas.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.51
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• pp.129-158
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• 2018

China has had many excellent Chinese-style animation since the 1950s. These animations are of distinctive Chinese national characteristics. They have won many awards both at home and abroad, such as "Feelings of Mountains and Waters", "Uproar In Heaven", "Why is the Crow Black-Coated" and so on. But nowadays, Chinese animations that mimics Japanese and American animation are very often, and there are few animation works with rich traditional Chinese culture. There are some works in the name of Chinese style, but they have not been fully accepted by the audiences. If one wants to create animated works of Chinese style, the author must have an in-depth understanding of Chinese traditional and folk art. Animation can not be designed only on the surface. This paper mainly studies the traditional five color concept in China and its application in animation. The purpose is to provide some references to differentiate Chinese animation from other countries in terms of style and color. The main content of this paper is to understand the concept and history of Chinese traditional five color views, and to know that this color system has reflected the ancestors' concept of nature and society. On the basis of five monochromatic colors, red, yellow, green, white and black, it is a kind of complex color concept that has been developed and perfected continuously after a long period of accumulation and precipitation in the practice of life. It is the theoretical basis of Chinese traditional color system and a complete set of historical, cultural, philosophical and religious theories. Finally, this paper analyzes the colors and their symbolic meanings of the main roles in "Uproar In Heaven", a color long animation produced by Shanghai Animation Film Studio, including Sun Wukong, the Jade Emperor and Na Zha. Color is the first visual language. The use of color symbols to express the inner feelings, status, good and evil of the characters will affect the audience's emotions, behaviors and opinions imperceptibly. The traditional Chinese five color concept has gone through such a long history, and its symbolic meaning has a more profound impact on Chinese people. Applying the color concept and symbolic meaning of Chinese traditional five color concept will further highlight the personalities and emotions of the roles in Chinese style animations. This paper takes the five-color view as the theoretical basis, and through the analysis of cartoons with traditional Chinese color, the author finds ways to flexibly use traditional Chinese culture.