• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.241-247
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• 1999

This study was aimed to elucidate the physiological function of a pair of protuberances like bifurcated horns developed on the anterior part of pupa in Coboldia fuscipes (Diptera: Scatopsidae), a pest on the oyster mushroom. In the morphological characteristics, larvae had a pair of 0.04 mm long microspines at their second body segment. Pupae had a pair of protuberances like bifurcated horns of 0.55 mm long on the anterior part and six pairs of spines, 0.12 mm long, at the posterior part of the abdomen. The microspines-removed 4th instar C. fuscipes larvae developed into pupae without a pair of the protuberances. After emergence, however, the adults have a pair of antenna normal regardless of with or without the protuberances. As ecological characteristics at the pupation, the pupa without a pair of the protuberances have a tendency to pupate outside the medium. However, development characteristics of the microspines-removed larvae were very similar to those of control larvae. In the result of microscopic observation, a pair of the protuberances was connected wit six pairs of spines by lateral longitudinal trunck and formed a tracheal system. In conclusion, this results implicates that the protuberances have an important role as a respiratory horn during the pupal period.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.177-186
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• 2002

This experiment was conducted to examine possibility and suitability of forest by-product as a roughage source of deer. As a experimental diet, forest by-product silage(FPS) and commercial mixed ration(CMR) were prepared to compare dry matter intake, digestibility, nitrogen balance and feeding behavior in feeding trials with spotted deer. The digestibility of dry matter was higher(P<0.05) in CMR than in FPS. The digestibility of crude protein was higher in CMR than in FPS and there was significant difference(P＜0.05). CMR had more digestibility of crude fiber than FBS but the difference was not significant. Dry matter intake were similar in both diets. Digestible dry matter intake was higher in CMR than FPS, however, there was no significant difference between experimental diets. Nitrogen intake, urinary and digestible nitrogen were significantly higher(P<0.05) in CMR than FPS. The efficiency of nitorgen utilization was higher for FPS than for CMR. Feeding behavior were similar in FPS and CMR. Consequently. It would be expected that FPS that composed with various feed sources can be used as a good roughage source of deer. Because it has high digestibility, dry matter intake and internal availability of nitrogen.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.322-332
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• 2013

This study was conducted to understand the control mechanism of Sika deer (Cervus nippon taiouanus) populations which are adapted to the natural forest areas and the semi-natural forest areas of Korea. We monitored and analyzed the behaviour patterns and habitat characteristics of Sika deers. After we released 12 Sika deers (male 3, female 9) each at the two study areas in and around Seoul under the approval of Korean government, we monitored them through our survey researchers' naked eyes from May 2011 to January 2012. We discriminated their habitat patterns to 4 major places - eating food place, drinking water place, daytime rest place, and nighttime rest place. Our results showed that Sika deer preferred the open grassland habitats for feeding and resting in daytime but the closed bushland for their protection and sleep. We also found the recommended sex ratio of adult male to female in a herd was 1 : 4~9 for breeding and they had few cubs in a herd. The average amount of food for 1 adult deer was 391.62 kg of fresh grasses and 286.90 kg of hay per year. Our results suggest that the amount of drinking water required for a deer when grazed on grasses during spring and summer seasons is 256.8 L and when a deer feeds on dry food during autumn and winter seasons, 209.8 L of water is required. From these results, we observe that the amount of drinking water was affected substantially by the moisture content of their food. This observational study must be very valuable for land managers to judge the number of deers that should be released in natural areas without high risk and to ascertain the sex ratio of large mammals including Sika deer. Therefore, we conclude that this population control mechanism study consists of efficient basic data and their values must be very effective for various purposes.

• Korean Deer Journal
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• no.24
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• pp.4-11
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• 1995

꽃사슴에 있어서 계절간 소화율의 차이와 사료의 통과속도와의 관계를 암사슴 4두를 공시하여 겨울과 여름에 각각 실시하였다. 사료의 통과속도는 Cr염색법을 이용하였고, 또한 비중별(0.91, 1.20, 1.55, 2.10g/ml) 통과속도의 차이를 규명하기 위하여 plastic particle(PP)를 이용하여 조사하였다. 건물, 유기물, 조단백질 그리고 NDF의 소화율은 겨울철보다 여름철이 높은 경향이었으나 유의적인 차이는 없었다(P>0.05). 그리고 분중의 경시적인 Cr 회수율과 누적회수율에서 계절간에 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 비중별 회수율에 있어서도 계절간의 차이는 나타나지 않았으나, 비중간의 차이는 유의성 있는 차이(P<0.05)를 보였다. 비중 0.90에서는 모든 사슴이 $6\%$의 미만의 낮은 회수율을 보였으나 1.20이상부터 회수율은 높아졌고, 비중 2.10의 PP는 $75\%$ 이상이 회수되었다. 그리나 비중 1.20과 1.55의 PP는 개체간 변이가 심하게 나타나 최대 $95.1\%$에서 최저$1.3\%$의 범위를 보였다. 반추에 의한 이빨자국을 기초로 반추율을 조사한 결과, 비중 0.90의 PP는 약 $70\%$ 반추율을 보였으나 비중 2.10의 PP는 $5\%$미만의 반추율을 나타내어 비중이 높을수록 반추되지 않고 보다 빨리 2-3위구를 통과하기 때문에 통과속도가 빨랐던 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.66-73
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• 2008

In this study, the characterization of minor livestock's excretions in terms of unit load generation and discharge was conducted by investigation and analysis of urine, manure and wastewater from stall of fowl, duck, horse, deer, goat and sheep. The results are summarized as follows: The unit load generation of fowl estimated by discharged amount and concentration analysis increases in egg layers due to the difference of planting head numbers, feed stuffs and manure disposal. In case of deer unit load generation by herbivora were calculated to be higher than data from existing references because of the gap between weight per livestock and the generation amounts of manure and urine. In case of sheep unit load generation by urine were analyzed two times higher than by manure but unit load generation by manure were reported higher than by urine in references, so large differences between this and previous study resulted.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.315-318
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• 2012

This report describes a case of foot and mouth disease (FMD) in farm-raised Sika deer. FMD serotype A occurred in six cattle farms in January 2010 since the outbreak of pig cases 2002 in South Korea. In addition to the six cattle farms where the disease occurred during January, positive reactions to FMD antibodies were found in two heads of deer on March at a deer farm in serological tests intended to lift the movement restriction of the susceptible animals imposed within risk zone. In the specimens collected from 12 heads for confirmatory tests in the same farm, no virus was detected in antigen tests and neutralising antibody titers in all raising deer in the farm were relatively high. So it seems likely that the animals had been infected with FMD at least one month earlier when they were found.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.52-57
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• 2013

This study was conducted to determine the effect of dietary whole-crop barley silage on the daily feed intake, daily weight gain, velvet antler yield and economic efficacy in elk during growth. A total of 21 elk (average BW 303 kg, 5 years old) were allotted randomly to three treatments. The three treatments were T1 (hay diet), T2 (whole-crop barley silage), and T3 (50% hay + 50% whole-crop barley silage). The average daily weight gain of T3 was higher than the others throughout the entire experimental period. The average daily feed intake of elk in decreasing order was as follows; T1>T3>T2. The velvet antler yield was higher in T3 group (8,585 g) compared with T1 (8,037 g) and T2 (7,713 g). However, there were no significant differences in the average daily feed intake, average daily weight gain, or velvet antler yield (p>0.05). In economic efficacy, T3 was gained about 29~43% more value than T1 or T2. In conclusion, the mixed feeding of 50% hay and 50% whole-crop barley silage was more effective than feeding hay of barley alone, in terms of average daily weight gain, velvet antler yield, and economic efficacy in elk.

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2004.06a
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• pp.284-284
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• 2004

본 연구는 Elk 사슴에서 Magic Doctor(한경게놈텍)를 이용하여 발정동기화 인공수정 후 재발정 행동의 발현양상을 관찰하기 위해 실시하였다. 미경산록 7두와 경산록 13두를 공시하였고, 발종동기화 및 인공수정은 번식계절인 9월에 progesterone이 3 g 함유된 controlled intravaginal drug-releasing device(CIDR)를 14일간 질내에 삽입하고 제거한 후에 pregnant mare serum gonadotropin(PMSG) 250IU틀 근육 주사하여 발정동기화와 배란을 유도하였다. 인공수정은 CIDR제거 후 60∼62시간째에 실시하였고 인공수정 후 비임신 개체의 재발정 발현 양상을 관찰하였다. (중략)

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.203-216
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• 2003

Genera Mesochra and Elaphoidella have been studied as one of the serial studies on the taxonomy of the family Canthocamptidae in South Korea. As a result of it, two species of Mesochra and three species of Elapholidella are added to Korean fauna: M. alaskana Wilson, M. suifunensis Borutskii, E. grandidieri (Guerne and Richard), E. bidens (Schmeil) and E. superpedalis Shen and Tai. A key to the species of the genera Mesochra and Elaphoidella known from Korea is prepared.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.21-33
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• 1998

Twenty-five nominal species of Korea stag beetles have been reported from Korea since Heyden (1887). As a result of the present study, seven species are synonymized and the following six species are excluded from Korean fauna because they have been misidentified: Aegus laevicollis, Platycerus delicatulus, P. acuticollis, Gnaphaloryx velutinus, Prismognathus angularis and Nipponodorcus montivagus. The two species, Dorcus taiwanicus and A. laevicollis are discovered newly. Therfore, Korean Lucanidae consists of 14 species of 10 genera.