• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.35-44
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• 2001

The Clinical Study on the Body Weight Loss of Taeumin Inpatients in Stroke by Sasang Constitutional Medicinal Treatment. Purpose: It has been frequently noted that overweight and obesity have a stronger relationship to hypertension and diabetes mellitus than to the risk of stroke. The purpose of this study is to find out whether Sasang Constitutional Medicinal treatment in the stroke patients of Tae-um-in has an effect on local or general weight loss. Methods: Case-control study was applied. The experiment group is the 24 Taeumin stroke inpatients who were in hospital in Kyung-Hee Oriental Hospital from July 1, 2000 to October 1 and received Sasang Constitutional Medicinal treatment. The control group is the 13 Taeumin stroke inpatients who were in the hospital during the same period but didn't receive Sasang Constitutional Medicinal treatment. In the two groups, body weight, BMI, the skin fold(cm) of triceps, suprailiac, abdominal portion, and thigh and the circumference(cm) of wrist, biceps, triceps, and W/H ratio were compared and studied for three weeks. Results: 1. In the experiment group, there were 8 women and 15 men, 23 in total and in the control group, there were 5 women and 9 men, 14 in total. 2. From two weeks later, there was a significant decrease in the experiment group in weight loss, the ratio of loss, and BMI(p<0.05). 3. Concerned with the change in the skin fold of suprailiac portion, there was a significant decrease in each group(p<0.05). 4. Concerned with the change in the skin fold of Chunchu-Hyel portion(天樞穴), thigh and in the circumference of hip, W/H ratio, there was a significant decrease in the experiment group(p<0.05). 5. Concerned with the change in the value of Lipid Profile, GOT, and GPT, only Glucose(GLU) showed a significant decrease(p<0.05) in the experiment group(p<0.05). As Conclusion, Sasang Constitutional Medicinal treatment in the stroke patients of Tae-um-in has an effect on local or general weight loss.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.163-180
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• 1998

In 1492 year, the corn originated in America continent had spread all over the world after spreading into Europe by Columbus. Since the Corn had a similar shape with adlai's one (Yulmoo(율무)), it had been written by the different name of adlai (Yulmoo) at the "訓蒙字會(Hun-mong-ja-hoe)(1527)". Therefore we should consider "Hun-mong-ja-hoe" is the first record of the corn and it is a significant historic record in the civilization exchange between the Orient and the Occident that this record has the only difference of around 30 years later after the spreading corn to Europe. However, this is on the assumption that it is correct for a scholar of Korean literature to persist in that '叡山本' of "Hun-mong-ja-hoe" could be considered as the first edition. The corn had been once classified as a same kind of the Chinese millet because the people had been recognized the corn as a similar group of the Chinese millet and the Indian millet. The Chinese millet contains a summer vigor and becomes as an ingredient of alcoholic drink. And we can find out that $C_4$ type plant (such as corn, Chinese millet, Indian millet, foxtail millet) mostly have a tendency to belong to the food for "Taeumin(太陰人)", because of its high energy efficiency, a flourishing absorption of fertilizing and a strong emission power. The fried corn with a strong summer vigor and a raised feature has a good effect to the treatment of the teethridge disease. And the tea of corn with an warm feature, thanks to its functions of making the stomach and intestines comfortably as well as urination, is a proper food for the 'Taeumin" who is apt to overeat themselves.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.111-150
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• 1998

1. Background and Purpose: I intended to understand the medical and pharmacological theory of Taeumin, through a study of the process through which Lee Je-ma discovered the Interior-Overheated-Disease of Taeumin and created the prescriptions for it. 2. Methods: I studied and analized the change in the medical and pharmacological theory, through a historical study on the quotations and prescriptions of "DongYi Soose Bowon". 3. Results: Through a literature study I could find that in the existing Oriental Medicine before Lee Je-ma, the difference of the Liver Febrile Disease of Taeumin and the Stomach Febrile Disease of Soyangin were recognized, and the prescriptions of the two diseases were a little distinguished, but the medical theories of those were not distinguished at all. And I found that the Liver Febrile Disease of Taeumin shows the pain in the eyes and the throat, and drying of the nose due to interior dry and heat, so it is different from the Stomach Febrile Disease of Soyangin that shows irritation of fever, headache, and the trouble in passing feces and urine. Also I could know that Radix Puerariae, Rhizoma Cimicifugae, Rhizoma Ligustici, Radix Angelicae Dahuricae, and Radix et Rhizoma Rhei are Taeumin's medicines because these medicines had been used for Taeumin's syndromes, and that Radix Scutellariae, Radix Platycodi, Semen Raphani, and Fructus Gleditsiae are Tae-Eum-In's medicines because these medicines are known as acting for lung.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.15-28
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• 1998

One's constitution is formed congenitally and is also acquired, and is relatively stable in its individually manifested function, structure and temperament. It has characteristics of universality, complexity, generality and continuity. It is also manifested in physiological responses and expresses pathologic tendencies including susceptibility. Attempts at understanding constitution has had a long history throughout the world. In Oriental Medicine, the constitution had been acknowledged from the "Huangdi Neijing", which has been a bible in Oriental Medicine for about two thousand years. In many aspects, the "Huangdi Neijing" provides the basis for both basic and practical fields. In order to derive the ideal structure from the "Huangdi Neijing" to Lee Je-ma's(Lee Jayma's) Sasang Constitutional ideas, which can strengthen the understanding of ideal core of Oriental Medicine's constitutional characteristics, the author launched his analysis of the constitutional understandings in the "Huangdi Neijing" as a first step and came to the following: 1. The constitutional understanding in the "Huangdi Neijing" was done both via the physiological responses to heat, pain and acupuncture treatment and the pathologic tendencies via body structure, strength, body heat, courage and obesity. 2. It was recognized that the constitution was formed congenitally and also acquired factors like living conditions including food customs, residents and geographical conditions were explained in detailed. 3. The constitutional typology was suggested both by the general and systematic criterion according to the Yin-yang and the Five phase theories and by single criterion such as obesity, courage and the response to acupuncture treatment. 4. As diagnosis is related to the constitution, courage was adopted for the disease caused by emotions, obesity was for its manifestations of qi and blood, the quantities of qi-blood and Yin-yang in the typology by the Yin-yang and Five phase theories were suggested. 5. In the case of obesity, Yin-yang and Five phase theory, treatment according to the constitutional ideas was mentioned, and their goals were concluded as "being the balancing between Yin and Yang" which means the Yin-yang theory is more practical than the Five phase theory in Oriental Constitutional Medical field. According to the above understandings, the author would like to suggest that the constitutional ideas in the "Huangdi Neijing" based on the Yin-yang theory blossomed via the practical spirit of Zhang Zhong-jing's "Shanghanlun" and at last from Lee Je-ma's(Lee Jayma's) Sasang Constitutional Medicine which realized "the balancing between Yin and yang" through the practical applications of herbal treatments.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.485-511
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• 1998

In orther to find the characteristics of each constitution, the examine of Kyung Hee medical center was diagnosed constitution, and resulted body measures and diagnosis. That was considered and the results are as follows 1. The obese patients is that there are the best many people(91.0%) to Taeumin. The frequency of Taeumin group is more than Soyangin group and Soeumin group. The degree of obesity grade is the highest in Taeumin. 2. The systolic blood & diastolic blood pressure of obese patients did not show any significant differences. Only, the obesity patients is the higher than nomal examine, without regard to Sasang constitution. 3. The hypertensive frequency of obese patients is that Taeumin group is more than Soyangin group and Soeumin group. there is not show any significant differences. specially, the hypertension of Soyangin group is caused by an ascending of diastolic pressure. 4. Glucose value of obese patients did not show any significant differences. generally, the frequency of Taeumin group is more than Soyangin group and Soeumin group. The diabetes of obese patients is the highest in Taeumin. 5. The serum lipids of obese patients did not show any significant differences. Total cholesterol, Triglyceride value of Taeumin group is more than Soyangin group and Soeumin group. HDL-cholesterol of obese patients is that Taeumin group is more than Soyangin group and Soeumin group. 6. The frequency of hyperlipidemia is the highest in Taeumin. 7. GOT, GPT of obese patients did not show any significant differences, but GGT is higher in Taeumin than Soyangin & Soeumin group. 8. Uric acid of obesity patients did not show any significant differences between Sasang constitution, but the value of obese patients is higher than nomal examine. The abnomality of Uric acid is higher in Taeumin than the other constitutions. The frequency of abnomality is the highest in Taeumin females. 9. Arteriosclerosis frequency of obese patients did not show any significant differences, the frequency of Sasang constitution is higher in Taeumin than Soyangin & Soeumin group. 10. Hemoglobin of obese patients did not show any significant differences, but Hematocrit is higher in Soyangin than Taeumin & Soeumin group. Anemia of obese patients did not show any significant differences. The frequency of anemia is higher in the females than the males. 11. BUN, creatinine of obese patients did not show any significant differences.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.81-106
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• 1992

The purpose of this study was to find out the causal relationship between perceptual level of stress and health state according to Korean constitutions and to analyze that effect on the Korean constitution's health state. Subjects of this study were 87 out patient department of constitution at Kyung-Hee Oriental Medicine Hospital. Data were collected by using interview with Questionaire during 6 months from Feb. 2 to June 31, 1991. The Measurement tools used by this researcher were Go's The Questionaire of Identify about constitution, Lee's stress scale and Go's modified Cornell Medical Index which were approved it's reliability and validity. All of the questionaires of were used after pre- test. For the purposes of the study, the collected data were analyzed by frequency, t-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation. And then this research's issue was tested by SAS program's ANCOVA. The findings of this study was summarized as follow. 1. There was significantly differences in stress perceptual level in Korean constitution. (F=9.68, P=.000). The So Em In (小陰人) were higher than the other constitution on stress perceptional level. 2. In health state, there was significantly difference among Korean constitution. (F=6.654, P=.002). Also the So Em In (小陰人) was lower than the other constitution at health state. Therefore, it was considerate that So Em In (小陰人) was higher perceptual level of stress than the other constitution and the resulting poor health state. 3. Stressful perception was effected on the health state, as a result inverted correlation was constructed between stress perception and health state. (r=-.6034, P=.0001) 4. After exclusion of stress perceptual level, each of the Korean Constitution's health state was not difference (F=1.01, P=.37). It was mean that differences of the Korean Constitution's perceptual level of stress effected on the health state. Bacause So Em In (小陰人) had higher perceptual level of stress than other constitution (F=9.687, P=.000), in proportion to that one's health state was poor. From the results of this study, it could be concluded that the higher stress perceptual level according to Korean constitution, the poorer health state. Further study in this area needs to be consideration that in order to coping with stress, researcher grope for quality nursing intervention with more accurative assessment about Korean constitution.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.125-137
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• 2015

Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate clinical factors of SQD syndrome by tracking plasma gut hormone (active ghrelin, active Glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1), pancreatic polypeptide(PP), total peptide YY(PYY)) profiling of pre-post prandial standard meal between SQD group and normal group. Methods A total of 24 adult participants were consecutively recruited on April 2014. They were diagnosed as either by SQD syndrome or normal by Spleen Qi Deficiency Questionnaire (SQDQ). On the experimental day, blood samplings of 2 ml were repeatedly collected at 6 points from 2 groups for measuring plasma levels of gut hormones. At every point, subjective appetite sensations were self-registered. Results & Conclusions 1. There were significantly lower subjective 'Appetite' (p=0.012) and higher 'Satiety' (p=0.012) in SQD group. At each time point, subjective 'Appetite' was significantly lower at 60 min after breakfast (p=0.034) and 'Satiety' were significantly higher at 15 min (p=0.020) and 120 min (p=0.044) after breakfast in SQD group. 2. There were no significant differences in plasma levels of gut hormones (active ghrelin, active GLP-1, PP, total PYY) between SQD and normal group. Also at each time point, there were no significant differences of plasma levels of gut hormones between SQD and normal group. 3. Changes in plasma levels of gut hormones compared to baseline were not significantly different at each time point between SQD and normal group. Plasma PYY levels compared to baseline increased in SQD group following 15 min and 30 min after breakfast but decreased in normal group. 4. Further investigation is needed to construct gut hormone profiling and in this perspective, we can approach evaluation tool on variable appetite in Traditional Korean Medicine (TKM) syndrome in the future.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.145-150
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• 2010

Acrodysostosis is an extremely rare disorder characterized by short fingers and toes with peripheral dysostosis, nasal hypoplasia, and mental retardation. We report a 16-year-old Korean boy with acrodysostosis who had characteristic clinical features and cervical spine stenosis manifested by neurologic symptoms. On presentation, he complained of difficulty in raising his arms, and suffered from intermittent pain and weakness in both upper extremities. He had short stature and dysmorphic facial features, including a broad, depressed nasal bridge, small, upturned nose, bilateral epicanthal folds, and mild hypertelorism. Moderate mental retardation and sensorineural hearing loss in both ears were also present. Radiological findings included broad, short metacarpals and phalanges with cone-shaped epiphyses, bilateral Madelung deformities, hypertrophied first metatarsals, and thickening of the calvarium. Magnetic resonance imaging findings included stenosis of the cervical spine, platybasia with compression into the cervicomedullary junction, and downward displacement of the cerebellar tonsils. Here, we report a case of acrodysostosis with symptoms and signs of cervical spinal stenosis first in Korea. If it is diagnosed in the early stages, possible life-threatening complications, including spinal canal stenosis, can be managed properly and permanent neurologic sequelae might be avoided. Therefore, it is important to consider acrodysostosis in the differential diagnosis of peripheral dysostosis.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.25-34
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• 2002

To understand characteristic of preservation of health in Sasang constitutional medicine, 1 first study preservation of health In ${\ulcorner}$Dongyi Bogam${\lrcorner}$, and then study preservation of health in the ${\ulcorner}$Dongyi Soose Bowon Sasang Chobongyun${\lrcorner}$ particularly Inherent vitality(命脈實數) and Regimen in ordinary life(生息充補之道) which shows early thought of Lee Je-ma. I acquire relation and difference between ${\ulcorner}$Dongyi Bogam${\lrcorner}$ and Dongyi Soose Bowon Sasang Chobongyun${\lrcorner}$, and conclude as follows. 1. In preservation of health ${\ulcorner}$Dongyi Bogam${\lrcorner}$ says Ups and downs of Qi according to degree, tells congenital health and acquired care of health, grades Jin-In, Ji-In, Seong-In, Hyeon-In according to degree of moral culture, and especially emphasizes managing mind which is based on Taoism. 2. In ${\ulcorner}$Dongyi Soose Bowon Sasang Chobongyun${\lrcorner}$ Dongmu divides human being to Sasangin(Taeyangin, Taeumin, Soyangin, Soeumin) according to Large & small of viscera, and regards as determine lift span and rendition of disease & health according to Inherent vitality which is degree of Small viscera. 3. Inherent vitality of Sasangin is supplemented by Regimen in ordinary life. Because Regimen in ordinary life decreases according to age, Dongmu emphasizes managing mind through an autonomic Knowledge Deed to maintain Regimen in ordinary life. 4. In the way of managing mind ${\ulcorner}$Dongyi Bogam${\lrcorner}$ says Taoist moral culture, but Dongmu emphasized control of knowledge and Deed by Confucian moral culture and the mind of control others through confucian self-control.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.10-17
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• 2002

1. Objects of Research This research is purposed to find Dong-mu's thought on 'Knowing-Airing(知行), through summarizing sentences related to 'Knowing-Acting(知行)'proposed in his writings. 2. Methods of Research It was researched bibliologically with Dong-mu's chief medical writings such as ${\ulcorner}$Gyukchigo(格致業)${\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner}$Dongyi Soose Bowon(東醫壽世保元)${\lrcorner}$ , ${\ulcorner}$Dongyi Soose Bowon Sasang Chobongyun(東醫壽世保元四象草本卷${\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner}$Dong-mu's posthumos work(東武遺葉)${\lrcorner}$. 3. Results and Conclusions 1.'Knowing(知)'is related to recognition of 'Mind(心)' and 'Acting(行)' is related to practice of 'Body(身)' in ${\ulcorner}$Gyukchigo(格致藁)${\lrcorner}$ . 'Knowing-Acting(知行)' in ${\ulcorner}$Gyukchigo(格致藁)${\lrcorner}$ is regard as a important factor to reach the state of 'Golden mean(中庸)' by 'Perception of Man(知人)' 2. 'Knowing-Acting(知行)' in ${\ulcorner}$Dongyi Soose Bowon Sasang Chobongyun(東醫壽世保元四象草本卷${\lrcorner}$ is thought to recognize and practice marals such as 'Humanity Justice propriety Wisdom(仁義禮智)' and 'Loyality Filialpiety Friendahip Fraternity(忠孝友悌)'. It was proposed that people are classified into Sasang Constition by 'Knowing-Acting(知行)' in ${\ulcorner}$Dongyi Soose Bowon Sasang Chobongyun(東醫壽世保元四象草本卷${\lrcorner}$ 3. 'Knowing-Acting(知行)' in ${\ulcorner}$Dongyi Soose Bowon(東醫壽世保元四象草本卷)${\lrcorner}$ is difffrent from 'Knowing-Acting(知行)' in ${\ulcorner}$Dongyi Soose Bowon Sasang Chobongyun(束醫壽世保元圖象草本卷${\lrcorner}$ 'Knowing(知)'is conception of marals such as 'Humanity Jusrire propriety Wisdom(仁義禮智)' and Loyality Filialpiety Friendship Fraternity(忠孝友悌)'. 'Acting(行)' is conception of productivity such as 'Scholar Farm Engineer Merchannt(士農工商)' and 'Field Residence District Nation (田業邦國). 4. 'Knowing-Acting(知行)' in ${\ulcorner}$Dong-mu's posthumos work(東武遺葉)${\ulcorner}$ was c1assified into large and small one. The large one is private and the small one is public. It is imponant to become sincere and respectful for achieve 'Ideal medium of Knowing-Acting.'.