• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.115-128
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• 2017

The methods of electronic financial fraud continue to evolve. Various research and countermeasures have been proposed to counter this problem, but it is difficult to eradicate it. The purpose of this study is to analyze the risk of electronic financial fraud through MS Threat Risk Modeling and to propose the countermeasures against the electronic financial fraud. As a result of the analysis, it is confirmed that despite the difference of authentication methods, there is a high risk of pharming, and it is difficult to prevent attack by using only additional authentication means, device security or user authentication based security system. Therefore, this study suggests the introduction of preventive measures such as readjustment of transaction limit by security means, account authentication, and additional physical security measures. It also suggests the establishment and implementation of a comprehensive electronic financial fraud prevention policy through linkage of electronic fraud prevention system and improvement of public relations and user awareness.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.79-95
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• 2012

As credit loan products significantly increase in most financial institutions, the number of fraudulent transactions is also growing rapidly. Therefore, to manage the financial risks successfully, the financial institutions should reinforce the qualifications for a loan and augment the ability to detect a credit loan fraud proactively. In the process of building a classification model to detect credit loan frauds, utility from classification results (i.e., benefits from correct prediction and costs from incorrect prediction) is more important than the accuracy rate of classification. The objective of this paper is to propose a new approach to building a classification model for detecting credit loan fraud based on an individual-level utility. Experimental results show that the model comes up with higher utility than the fraud detection models which do not take into account the individual-level utility concept. Also, it is shown that the individual-level utility computed by the model is more accurate than the mean-level utility computed by other models, in both opportunity utility and cash flow perspectives. We provide diverse views on the experimental results from both perspectives.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.194-200
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• 2005

An ameloblastic carcinoma is a very rare odontogenic malignant tumor, which sometimes have a benign clinical nature, but typically have aggressive features, with large ulcerative lesion and extensive local destruction. These clinical characteristics make the complete surgical removal of a tumor difficult. As a consequence, a poor prognosis may result due to local recurrence and distant metastasis. For this reason, it is important to consider adjuvant therapies for high-risk ameloblastic carcinoma patients. Here, the case of a recurrent ameloblastic carcinoma that occurred in the mandible after primary surgery is reported. The lesion was treated with further local excision, followed by postoperative radiotherapy. Also, a few remarks on the role of postoperative radiotherapy in patient with ameloblastic carcinoma have been made from a review of the current literatures on the treatment of this type of lesion.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.143-166
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• 2012

This paper deals in depth with airline over-booking practices and legal questions therefrom in the light of public interests. Chapter I as an introduction gives clear ideas of what are the over-booking, fact-revealing current state of denied boarding and nature of the problems inherent but veiled in those practices. In Chapter II, it is reviewed whether legal instruments for DBC(Denied Boarding Compensation) are adequately equipped for airline passengers in R. O. K. Upon the results of the review that international law to which Korea is a party, domestic law and administrative preparedness for the DBC are either null or virtually ineffective, the Chapter by contrast illustrates how well the U. S. and the E. U. safeguard civil rights of their passengers from such an 'institutionalized fraud' as the over-booking. In Chapter III on which a main emphasis lies, it is examined whether the over-booking practice constitutes a criminal offense: Fraud. In section 1, the author identifies actus reus and mens rea required for fraud then compares those with every aspect of the over-booking. In conjunction with the structural element analysis, he reviews the Supreme Court's precedents that lead the section into a partial conclusion that the act of over-booking judicially constitutes a crime of fraud. Despite the fulfillment of drawing up an intended answer, the author furthers the topic in section 2 by arguing a dominant view from Korean academia taking opposite stance to the Supreme Court. The commentators assert, "To consummate a crime of fraud, there must be property damage of the victim." For this notion correlates with a debate on legally protected interest in criminalization of fraud, the section 2 shows an argument over 'Rechtgut' matters specific to fraud. The view claims that the Rechtgut comes down rather to 'right to property' than 'transactional integrity' or 'fair and equitable principles'. However, the section concludes that the later values shall be deemed as 'freedom in economic decision-making' which are the benefit and protection of the penal law about fraud. Section 3 demonstrates the self-contradiction of the view as it is proved by a conceptual analysis that the infringement on freedom in economic decision-making boils down to the 'property damage'. Such a notion is better grounded in section 4 by foreign court decisions and legislation in its favour. Therefore, this paper concludes that the airline's act of over-booking is very likely to constitute fraud in both theory and practice.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2011.08a
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• pp.102-102
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• 2011

인공위성이 임무를 수행하는 우주환경은 지상 환경과 달리 고진공 및 극저온의 극한환경으로 지상에서는 제대로 작동하는 것으로 관찰되더라도 우주환경에서는 예상하지 못한 기능장애를 일으켜 위성의 성능에 치명적인 영향을 미치기도 한다. 이에 10-5 torr 이하의 고진공과 -180$^{\circ}C$ 이하의 극저온 환경을지상에서 모사하여 위성체의 안정성 및 신뢰성을 시험한다. 시험에는 열진공챔버라고 불리는 우주환경모사기가 사용이 되며, 기본적으로 챔버 내부 진공형성이 중요하다. 우주환경의 모사를 위해 먼저 저진공펌프로 10-2 Torr 의 저진공을 형성한 후 Turbo-molecular pump 및 Cryopump를 이용하여 10-5 Torr 이하의 고진공을 형성하게 된다. 본 논문에서는 기존 우주환경모사기에 부착된 oil type rotary pump 및 구형 turbo-molecular pump의 교체 과정을 기술한다. 특히, 저진공펌프의 경우는 챔버 내부로의 oil 역류로 인한 오염 문제를 방지하기 위하여 dry type의 펌프가 설치되었다.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.4-37
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• 2019

Buncheong Ware, which was produced for approximately 200 years from the end of the Goryeo Dynasty to the beginning of the Joseon Dynasty, was used for royal house and state affairs during the early Joseon Dynasty. Records of Buncheong Ware can be found with Jagiso and Dogiso, considered the place of production, in the 'Sejongsylrok jiliji'. This is notable, unlike celadon and white porcelain. However, compared to Gyeongsangnam-do and Gyeongsangbuk-do, the study of Jagiso and Dogiso in Jeollanam-do and Jeollabuk-do has been unsatisfactory. In this paper, we examined the locations of Jagiso and Dogiso in the Jeollanam-do prefecture. This study is focused on Najumok, located in the western part of Jeollanam-do. The following research results were obtained: First, the locations of Jagiso and Dogiso in nine areas were examined. These nine areas comprised Najumok and its immediate provinces of Haejingun, Yeongamgun, Yeonggwanggun, Hampyeonghyeon, Muanhyeon, Gochanghyeon, Heungdeokhyeon and Jangseonghyeon. Previous research results exist for some of the regions; however, only Buncheong Ware was used to estimate Jagiso and Dogiso. In this paper, we tried to discover a more accurate position of Jagiso and Dogiso through a comparison of the place names recorded in the 'Sejongsylrok jiliji' and the place names recorded in the 'Hoguchoungsu'. Also, pottery-related area names and Buncheong Ware obtained from the field survey were reviewed. Table 2 shows the specific positions of Jagiso and Dogiso in the areas examined. Second, it would appear that pottery was produced not only in Jagiso but also in Dogiso. This is because much of Buncheong Ware was unearthed in Najumok, Yeongamgun, and Muanhyeon Dogiso. However, it was only excavated from the Buncheong Kiln Site in Yucheon Village, Sangweol-ri, Yeongam-gun; there could be limitations regarding to the rest of the areas because only a field survey was conducted, not an excavation. A recent excavation at Donggok Village in Cheongdo-ri, Gimje also confirmed a Buncheong Kiln Site. There were two Buncheong Ware ('公', '上') artifacts excavated from the site, believed to be Gongnapjagi. In addition, Cheongdo-ri, where the Buncheong Kiln Site is located, was found to be an area in Wurimgokmyeon, a former Wurimgok at a Dogiso in Jeonjubu. Consequently, it would seem that Dogiso also produced porcelain (Buncheong Ware). If more data can be obtained from the excavations at sites considered to be Dogiso, the results of Dogiso-related research will be strengthened. Third, in previous surveys, field surveys and excavation surveys were based on estimates using artifacts, but the name of the location of the Jagiso and Dogiso may be confirmed more accurately by tracking the changes in the names of the administrative areas. Therefore, although it is important to conduct research using the results of surveys or excavations, changes in the place names or places related to porcelain must not be overlooked.

• MISULJARYO - National Museum of Korea Art Journal
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• v.97
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• pp.55-68
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• 2020

The inscription found on buncheong ware (粉靑沙器, grayish-blue-powdered celadon) provides information on the bowl today, but in the past served as a device for controlling tributary payments (貢納) and the movement of government property (官物). The inscription had to be written or engraved clearly so that it could be recognizable to officials in charge of managing bowls. Such inscriptions offer important clues for contemporary research on buncheong ware. Buncheong Bowl with Stamped Design and Inscription of "Naeja" (內子) (bon 13808) in the collection of the National Museum of Korea bears a distinct inscription compared to other buncheong ware. Commonly, the inscription on buncheong indicated the name of the government office (官司名) to which the vessel belonged or the name of the place (地名) where the vessel was produced. However, the inscription "Naeja" on the buncheong bowl at the National Museum of Korea has no corresponding government office. "Naeja" is in fact a misspelling of Naeja (內資), meaning this bowl belonged to the Naejasi (內資寺, Royal Bureau of Procurement). Although "Naeja" (內子) was a misspelling of the intended Naeja (內資), it was still understood as a reference to the Naejasi since they were homophonic. Recently, buncheong ware with misspelled yet homophonous inscriptions have begun to be excavated in downtown Seoul. Examples including "Naeja" (內子) instead of Naeja (內資) and "Insu" (仁守) instead of Insu (仁壽) have been unearthed from historical sites in Seoul that functioned as consumption sites, meaning they were in fact circulated as government property despite the misspellings (whether accidental or the outcome of ignorance). Such misspelled yet homophonous inscriptions are characterized by the use of simple characters and a few sloppy strokes. Like other buncheong ware bearing the inscriptions of government office names, the bowls with the inscriptions of "Naeja" (內子) and "Insu" (仁守) were discovered at historical sites in Seoul. These misspelled homophonous inscriptions reveal that errors occurred during the process of engraving inscriptions on buncheong ware produced as a tributary payment during the early Joseon Dynasty and that buncheong ware with such errors were still distributed.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.103-116
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• 2017

We studied the actual condition of work environment and work morale according to the type of employment of service workers by using the raw data of the Fourth Work Environment Survey (2014) conducted by the Institute of Occupational Safety and Health. In this study, the condition of work environment were composed of work posture, emotional labor, and work autonomy. Also, dimensions related to work morale were composed of competence, job satisfaction, social support, and job stress. In addition, the employment was classified into three types of regular workers, temporary workers, and daily workers. The results showed that temporary and daily workers were more likely to work in a less favorable environment than regular workers, and there was a close correlation between work environment and work morale. Based on this study, it is possible to know about the actual situation and problems of the service workers, and it is hoped that company can search for measures to increase the working environment and work morale of the workers in order to provide better service.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.29-36
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• 2008

Purpose: We have evaluated both the reliability and accuracy of refractive measurement from autorefractor by comparing with subjective refraction data. Methods: Measurements of refractive error were performed on 198 eyes of 99 subjects in noncycloplegic condition. Also we analyzed refraction results and evaluated repeatability and accuracy of subjective refraction and autorefraction. Furthermore we analyzed accuracy of autorefractor by Fourier analysis. Results: Reliability coefficient of the autorefraction for the right eye were determined to by 0.993, 0.974 and 0.925 respectively, in the spherical, cylinderical component and cylinderical Axis. Also, the reliability coefficient of the autorefraction for the left eye were found to be 0.991, 0.948 and 0.886, respectively, in the spherical, cylinderical component and cylinderical Axis. From the Fourier analysis no statistically significant differences in $J_{0}$ component were found between the auto and subjective refraction measurements (p>0.05) whereas difference of refractive power of $J_{45}$ component when compared with the subjective refraction were -0.019, -0.164. Conclusions: We conclude that autorefractormeter can be effectively used to measure the refractive power within the error limits.

• Digital Contents
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• no.11 s.150
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• pp.32-35
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• 2005

최근 들어 온라인상에서는 신종 사기가 위력을 더해가고 있다. 조금만 허점을 보이면 사용자의 지갑을 털어 가 버리는‘ 피싱’이 바로 그것. 호환마마보다 더 무서운 피싱에 걸려들지 않기 위해선 각별한 주의가 요망되 지만, 무작정조심한다고해서피싱의공격을피해갈수있을까. 대답은물론‘ 아니오’다. 피싱에대한피해를 최소화하기 위해서는 갈수록 지능화돼 가는 공격 유형을 잘 파악하고 미리 대비하는 것이 최선책이다. 이에 최근늘어나는피싱공격유형및기술에대해서검토해보고이에따른대응방법을살펴본다.