• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.182-196
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• 2020

This study presents the effects and phenomenological meanings of child poverty on child development by implementing in-depth interviews with 19 adults and 20 children in Korean Welfare Qualitative Panel Study and analyzing multi-dimensional categories of child poverty experiences. By focusing on relative deprivation, this study lists the insider's view on poverty experiences such as pauperization, housing, health, education, child-raising, culture, family and child's dream, and then it describes poverty experiences in a heuristic and hermeneutic way from the child's view. Findings shows that poverty experiences of childhood are associated with negative child development experiences such as trauma, deprivation of growth and opportunity, childhood adultification, intergenerational transmission of poverty and limiting dreams. This qualitative study based on the insider's view, can contribute not only to profound understandings of multi-dimensional child poverty but to identification of client based policy demand, which enables poverty policy studies expand their boundaries.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.19-29
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• 2016

This study analyzes life experiences and prospects of poverty/welfare exit of the poor with work ability utilizing Mixed methodology. Based on Sequential Exploratory Design, it qualitatively analyzes 3 waves of qualitative panel data linked to Korea Welfare Panel Study(KWPS) and presents life changes of 14 poor in the context of their prospects of welfare/poverty exit. Then it proposes hypotheses on the role of education, household economy expectation, self-esteem in the prospects of poverty/welfare exit following the sequential exploratory design to quantitatively test qualitative findings utilizing KWPS(7th). The outcomes of the Structural Equation Model(SEM) suggest that household economy expectation plays mediating role between education and the prospects of welfare/poverty exit. This implies that anti-poverty policy needs to consider a psychological approach to enhance household economy expectations of the poor as well as other material support.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.57-79
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• 2009

This study analyzes the effect of poverty on child development outcomes including academic achievement, self-esteem, depression/anxiety, attention problems, aggression, and delinquency. The poverty experiences among elementary school children are longitudinally observed during 3 years between the 4th grade and the 6th grade. When development outcomes are compared among persistently poor children, transitory poor children, and non-poor children, academic achievement is found to be significantly different. The analyses of the relationships between the poverty status and developmental trajectories show that academic achievement among non-poor children has improved over time, while the level of poor children's achievement has decreased. The result also shows that problematic behaviors such as attention problems, aggression, delinquency has improved over time among all the children. Yet, the gap between poor and non-poor children has not decreased. The multivariate analyses indicate that the effect of poverty remains statistically significant only for academic achievement after children's individual and familial characteristics are controlled. Past experiences of poverty in addition to the current poverty affect academic achievement and persistent poverty has a stronger effect than transitory poverty on academic achievement, although the findings are not consistent across all the estimated models.

• Economic Analysis
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.37-66
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• 2021

This paper examines the potential impacts of COVID-19 on poverty in ASEAN countries. The first estimate, adopted from Summer et al. (2020) and Nonvide (2020), configures three scenarios of contractions in per capita household income or consumption; the impact of each scenario on poverty is calculated using poverty lines at different thresholds. In the second estimate, poverty impacts in 2020 and 2021 were projected using regression models controlling for unobserved country effects, unbalanced data, and endogeneity. COVID-19 has been shown to have negative impacts on poverty reduction in the ASEAN Member States. To reduce poverty, concerted efforts are needed to implement policies for reducing income inequality and promoting economic growth. Such efforts will not only speed up the countries' return to pre-pandemic poverty levels but also contribute to further accelerating poverty reduction.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.62 no.4
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• pp.129-148
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• 2010

This study analyzed the effect of poverty on children's health, using data from wave 1-5(2004-2008) lf the Seoul Panel Study of Children surveys(SPSC). The analysis results indicated that poverty has a negative effect on child health over time when controlling for potential variables that mediate the family income-child health association. There was also a strong cumulative effect of poverty that explains much of the strengthening association between the length of poverty and child health. The negative effect of poverty on child health could be enhanced through poor mother-child relationship and marital conflict. This finding suggests that programs to improve child health, by implication, will require family level interventions such as increasing income support and improving care-giving and family interaction.

• 한국사회정책
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.89-112
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• 2017

Because of low amounts of pension benefit, the Basic Pension of Korea has played a very limited role in reducing the high poverty rates of the elderly. Based on an empirical analysis of the poverty alleviation effect of alternative pension amounts, this paper shows that although the higher basic pension amounts help to reduce the absolute poverty rate of the elderly, it cannot significantly reduce the relative poverty rates. Authors contends that the main objective of the basic pension should be targeted to combat the absolute poverty level. This paper also argues that in order to reduce the relative poverty level of the elderly, the benefit level of National Pension should also be increased.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.119-142
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to explore and describe of the reality of working poor in Korea. In spite of the increasing attention to the working poor, usual definitions of the working poor have some measurement questions. The definition of the working poor should focus on the key dimensions of work and poverty. This study defines working poor as all "persons who have devoted prior 6 months to working or looking for work and who lived in families with incomes below the poverty threshold". This study also defines poverty threshold based on the both concept of absolute and relative poverty. According to this definition, the working poor are almost equally divided between men and women and the majority of them are of prime working age. These characteristics of working poor are seems to be quite different from common sense. Also, serious deficiencies of human capital contribute to the employment problems of the working poor. Their education levels are much less than those of the working non-poor. The distributions of the employment status, occupation, and industry show also that the working poor are highly concentrated in a few low-wage jobs.

• 한국사회정책
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.71-104
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• 2018

This paper adopts a distributive performance process model of in-work poverty based on labor markets, households, and welfare states and analyzes the 4-11 waves of the Korean Welfare Panel Study during 2008-15. Previous studies on in-work poverty have focused on the definitions and concepts of in-work poverty by analyzing employment and unemployment persistence and repetition dynamics, but rarely paid attention to institutional distributive performance. In this regard, this study preforms a stepwise analysis of labor markets, households, and welfare states as a process of income generation in labor markets, satisfaction of welfare needs and income pooling at households, and deduction of social security contribution and income tax as well as receipt of public transfer income at welfare states. Results of empirical analysis show that in-work poverty had been on increase during 2008-11, followed by a decrease between 2012-15. At labor market stages, full time status had the most prominent impact on in-work poverty process, while status by employment and contract type have generated a huge variation as well. At household stages, household work intensity and number of earners contributed to reduction of in-work poverty, but the relations did not seen to be straightforward. However, welfare state played little role in lifting employees out of in-work poverty. In terms of institutional distributive process, in-work poverty was prevalent in either household-welfare state stage or labor market-household-welfare stage. Non-vulnerable group in terms of in-risk poverty was around 80% of the sample during the period of analysis, the size of which has remained constant.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.60 no.4
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• pp.55-77
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• 2008

After the economic crisis of Korea, the character of Korean Poverty has changed. Most notably, many people are working but poor. Therefore it is important to understand the characteristics of the working poor, especially the unstable work experiences of the working poor since one of the causes of poverty is that. Prior research about the working poor has not fully proven this issue. This study is to examine the job sequences of the working poor. Thus I utilized the KLIPS(Korea Labor and Income Study), and analyzed it by event sequence analysis and optimal matching methods. The job sequences are divided as follows: total years of working in the labor market, the number of gaps and the length of gaps in their careers, and the characteristics of experienced jobs since they have entered the labor market from age 15. As a result, there are no statistically significant in the total years of working in the labor market. And the number of gaps and the length of gaps in their careers, and the characteristics of experienced jobs show that working poor have been experiencing more unstable than non-poor. Thus, almost all of the male working poor has unstable jobs their whole lives, and the female working poor's job sequences show distinct features according to women's life course. These results can give political implications to the anti-poverty policy in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.69 no.3
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• pp.9-33
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• 2017

This study estimated the socioeconomic costs of child poverty. Based on previous studies, the present study organized component categories for direct and indirect costs of child poverty, and estimated the cost of each category in 2015 through the collection of existing data and Delphi survey techniques among experts. The total socioeconomic costs of child poverty were compared to Korea's GDP. The results of this study were as follows. First, the socioeconomic costs of child poverty in Korea in 2015 ranged from 55 trillion KW(3.5% of GDP) to 99 trillion KW(6.5% of GDP). Second, the indirect socioeconomic costs of child poverty are much higher than the direct costs. Third, among the total cost categories, costs related to productivity loss and unemployment accounted for the largest portion of both the socioeconomic costs based upon absolute poverty and relative poverty. Crime costs are the second largest. Based on these results, we discussed the importance of early intervention for children in poverty; implementation of two-generation program that intervenes simultaneously with parents and children; and long-term, continuous and integrated intervention for high-risk groups such as poor children.