• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.233-240
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• 2022

The smart weapon system is a new weapon system of the future battlefield environment as a miniature guided weapon that performs precision strike missions through terminal phase guidance. However, it has small coverage to guide due to its low maneuverability because the smart weapon is controlled by using actuator of piezoelectric drive type due to the structural limitations. In this paper, we propose a firing data calculation algorithm under non-standard conditions to increase the effectiveness of the smart weapon. The proposed algorithm calculates firing data under non-standard conditions by calibrating firing data under standard conditions using information acquired in battlefield environments. The performance of the proposed algorithm is verified by numerical simulations under various conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.93-100
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• 2022

This study describes the evaluation results on the effect of soil particle surfaces coated with various hydrophobic conditions on spectral information according to water content. Wettability test and spectral information evaluation test were performed on the hydrophobic coated standard sand. When the standard sand was coated with 1%, 3%, and 5% hydrophobic, the contact angles of sand-water interface were 130°~143°, 129°~144°, and 131°~144°, respectively. This means that the contact angle increased as the degree of hydrophobic coating increased at the same drying time, but the range of the contact angle had the same wettability. This means that the contact angle increases as the hydrophobic coating degree increases at the same drying time, whereas the contact angle range has the same wettability. As a result of spectral information evaluation, the maximum spectral reflectance of the dried sand with hydrophobic condition decreased compared to that of the hydrophilic sand, as the degree of hydrophobic increased. However, the maximum spectral reflectance was increased by increasing the degree of hydrophobic under the same water content conditions.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.5D
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• pp.677-684
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• 2008

The paper provides an approximate cost estimating model that can be used for tunnel. Based on the previous study analyzed critical factors that have impact on tunnel construction cost, this paper establishes a cost variance index table that reflects the cost impacts due to the change of the critical cost factors. An estimating procedure is described utilizing the index table. For the verification of the suggested model, the comparison of the estimated construction cost with real project cost is performed. The estimated results range from 95%~111% of the real project costs. As an approximate tunnel cost estimating model, the model can be utilized to quickly estimate tunnel construction costs based on the conceptual information at the planning stage and to efficiently make a decision on design alternatives.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2003.07e
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• pp.2399-2402
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• 2003

주위 광원에 화이트 밸런스 된 카메라로 촬영한 피사체의 RGB신호를 D/sub 65/ 광원하의 표준 디스플레이 상에서 느끼는 자극치 L₁M₁S₁값과, 실제 촬영 장소에서 눈이 충분히 주위 조건에 색순응 된 후 피사체에 대해서 느끼는 자극치 L₂M₂S₂값은 다르게 느껴진다. 이는 LMS 시세포의 파장별 감도특성과 카메라의 RGB 칼라 필터의 파장별 감도특성이 다르기 때문이다. 또한 주위 광원의 종류와 밝기에 따른 물리적인 자극 변화에 대해서 카메라의 경우는 RGB 각 채널의 이득이 선형적 변화를 가진다. 그리고 눈의 경우는 LMS 시세포의 감도가 비선형적 특성을 가지기 때문에 색감의 차이를 발생시킨다. 본 논문에서는 촬영시의 주위 조건에서 원 피사체를 직접 볼 때 느끼는 색감을 표준 시환경인 D/sub 65/ 광원하에서 화이트밸런스가 D/sub 65/인 디스플레이를 통해 피사체 이미지를 볼 경우에 동일한 색감을 느끼도록 하는 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안된 알고리즘을 이용하여 표준 조건하에서 디스플레이 하였을 때 촬영 조건에서의 등색감을 재현할 수 있다.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.178-184
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• 1993

The procedure using equivalent time at reference temperature has been assessed for the estimation of kinetic parameters with experimental data. Kinetic studies of nonenzymatic browning reaction in model and food system were carried out with linearly increasing temperature method. These kinetic parameters, n, $k_{ref}$ and $E_a$ of the systems were evaluated from original data in one step by nonlinear least square regression. The one step procedure yielded efficiently accurate parameter estimation. Computer simulated data with the kinetic models were well consistent with experimental data (average correlation coefficient=0.96).

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.566-570
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 비선형 k-$\varepsilon$ 모형을 이용하여 직사각형 개수로에서 평균흐름과 난류구조를 모의하였다. 표준 k-$\varepsilon$ 난류모형은 난류의 등방성을 가정하여 국부적 평형상태에서 계산하기 때문에 유선에 따른 레이놀즈 응력의 변형이 큰 경우나 이방성이 강한 경우 이를 계산하지 못한다. 이를 보완하기 위하여 제시된 것이 비선형 k-$\varepsilon$ 난류모형이다. 본 연구에서는 표준 k-$\varepsilon$ 모형과 비선형 k-$\varepsilon$ 모형에 의한 모의결과를 비교하였다. 난류모형을 검증하기 위하여 직사각형 개수로에 흐름을 완전 발달된 등류로 가정하여 해석하였다. 지배방정식을 해석하기 위해 Patankar와 Spalding (1972)이 제시한 SIMPLER 알고리즘을 사용하였고 유한체적법을 이용하여 이산화하고 엇갈린 격자체계를 사용하여 계산에서 발생하는 과도한 진동을 줄였다. 또한 차분기법은 Patankar (1980)가 제시한 Power-law 기법을 채택하였으며 경계조건으로 2층 벽법칙 모형과 Hossain과 Rodi (1993)의 모형을 이용하였다. 두 모형의 적용성을 검증하기 위하여 실측자료를 이용하여 비교하였고 그 결과 비선형 k-$\varepsilon$ 모형이 표준 k-$\varepsilon$ 모형에 비해 좀 더 실측지에 가깝게 모의하는 것을 볼 수 있었다.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.311-328
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• 2017

This study was carried out to investigate the changes in soil microorganisms and soil enzymes by split irrigation and organic matter application under no-tillage green house conditions. Soil bacteria and fungi abundances were higher in soybean cake fertilizer than in the soil without the soybean cake fertilizer under whole quantity irrigation. Bacteria and fungi abundances in soil increased with increasing organic fertilizer application rate. Bacteria and fungi amount in the soil increased at half division irrigation in no-treatment of soybean cake fertilizer compared with whole quantity irrigation. Actinomycete amount in the soil decreased with increasing soybean cake fertilizer with whole quantity irrigation while clearly increased in no-treatment of soybean cake fertilizer. Actinomycete amount in soil clearly increased with increasing organic fertilizer input at half division irrigation. Chitinase activity in the soil decreased in soybean cake fertilizer with increasing organic fertilizer input, while increased in no-treatment of soybean cake fertilizer. Chitinase activity in the soil increased at half division irrigation compared with whole quantity irrigation regardless of soybean cake fertilizer input. ${\beta}$-Glucosidase activity in the soil was higher in soybean cake fertilizer than in no-treatment of soybean cake fertilizer with whole quantity irrigation. ${\beta}$-Glucosidase activity in the soil increased with increasing organic fertilizer input, but decreased in above the standard level 66%. ${\beta}$-Glucosidase activity in the soil clearly increased in no-treatment of soybean cake fertilizer at half division irrigation compared with whole quantity irrigation. N-acetyl-${\beta}$-D-glucosaminidase activity was higher in soybean cake fertilizer than in no-treatment of soybean cake fertilizer with whole quantity irrigation. N-acetyl-${\beta}$-D-glucosaminidase activity in the soil increased with increasing organic fertilizer input, but decreased in above the standard level 66%. N-acetyl-${\beta}$-D-glucosaminidase activity in the soil was not significantly different at half division irrigation and whole quantity irrigation in organic fertilizer input, while increased at half division irrigation in no-treatment of soybean cake fertilizer. Acid phosphatase activity increased at standard level 66% in soybean cake fertilizer, while was not significantly different in no-treatment of soybean cake fertilizer. Spore density of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) in the soil increased with increasing organic fertilizer input at whole quantity irrigation in no-treatment of soybean cake fertilizer, while decreased above the standard level 66% in organic fertilizer input. However, spore density of AMF in the soil was not significantly different in soybean cake fertilizer regardless of input amount of organic fertilizer. Root colonization rate of AMF in red pepper roots was not significant difference at two irrigations regardless of soybean cake input.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Dyers and Finishers Conference
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• 2012.03a
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• pp.83-83
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• 2012

면섬유는 강우량, 일조량, 온습도, 영양분 등의 성장환경조건과 유전인자 및 추수방법에 따라서 섬유길이, 단면구조, 꼬임, 성숙도 등이 다양하게 변화한다. 면섬유에는 pectin, cotton wax, 지방질, 단백질계 물질, 자연색소 및 무기질 등의 불순물을 약 5% 함유하고 있다. 이러한 물순물을 제거하여 처리액의 침투성 향상을 돕고, 백도를 증진시키기 위해 전처리를 한다. 본 연구에서는 산지별로 생산되는 원면의 특성을 알아보기 위해 중국, 인도, 인도네시아, 파키스탄에서 원면을 각각 수입한 후 동일한 조건으로 편직하였다. 4개국 원면의 꼬임과 단면형태를 관찰하고, 불순물의 함량을 알아보았으며, 정련과 표백처리를 농도별로 진행하여 전처리조건이 염색성에 미치는 영향을 알아보았다. 정련 및 표백조건을 20% 씩 증가시켜가며 전처리를 하였고 농도별로 전처리된 시료를 Yellow 색상의 반응성 염료 0.005% (owf)로 염색한 후 자동컬러측색장치(CCM)를 사용하여 색차, Yellow Index(Y.I.), White Index(W.I.)를 비교분석하였다. 결과를 보면 인도산 원면이 다른 원면에 비해 Y.I.와 W.I.에서 다소 차이를 보였고, 염색현장과 조제업체에서 제시한 표준 전처리조건을 참고로 하였을 때, 표준 전처리조건 대비 0 ~ 40% 농도까지는 색상차이가 크게 나타나지만 60% 농도 이상에서는 색상차이가 크지 않았다. 이 결과로부터 산지별 원면의 전처리시 최소한의 조제투입량으로 최적의 전처리효과를 볼 수 있는 전처리공정조건을 설정할 수 있었고, 이로써 원가절감 및 오폐수감소 등의 효과를 기대할 수 있다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2008.03a
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• pp.1395-1399
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• 2008

국내 토층 사면을 대상으로 강우에 의해 발생되는 침투수 거동 특성을 분석함으로써 지속적인 토층의 물성 변화 계측을 통해 산사태 예 경보시스템을 구축이 가능하다. 본 연구에서는 산사태 예 경보시스템 구축의 사전 단계로써, 국내 대표적인 지질 매질인 화강암 풍화토, 편마암 풍화토와 주문진 표준사에 대해 공극률과 체적함수비 등의 토질 물성 변화를 고려한 실내 보정실험을 수행하였다. 실험조건은 공극률, 체적함수비 변화에 대한 측정센서의 측정 정밀도 향상과 이를 통해 국내 현장토에 대한 고유 보정기법을 제시하기 위함이다. 측정센서는 각 실험 조건별 물성 변화에 따라 전압을 측정함으로써 현장토에 대한 물성치와 상호 분석이 가능하도록 하였다. 주문진 표준사 뿐만 아니라 국내 현장토인 화강암 풍화토와 편마암 풍화토에 대한 체적함수비에 대한 보정식도 함께 제시하였다.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.183-194
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• 2004

It's essential process to study non-linear material function related to characteristics of compressibility and permeability when we predict the consolidation behavior of soft clay ground. In this study, laboratory tests were conducted to find out the material function using marine clay. Standard oedometer test and Rowe cell test were performed with conditions, which were classified into vertical drainage only, radial drainage only and vertical-radial drainage case. Modified oedometer test equipment was developed to find out the material function and special extrusion device was originated to minimize the sample disturbance effect. Reliability of the results in modified oedometer test could be confirmed by comparing with the Rowe cell's one. Effective stress - void ratio - permeability relations were analyzed using all testing results. As a result, void ratio with effective stress level could be expressed by the power function and permeability with void ratio could be expressed by exponential function. In soft clay with high initial water content and low shear strength, non-linear characteristics related to compressibility and permeability varied with wide range by the effective stress levels. It's important to note that non-linearity of the material function should be considered at prediction of the consolidation behavior.