• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.30 no.12
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• pp.1167-1174
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• 1997

We retrospectively reviewed a series of 20 patients treated with delayed sternal closure during a 5-year period from 1991 to 1996. Of the 2675 patients with cardiovascular su gery 20 underwent this procedure. Male and female ratio was 11:9, mean age was 6.4 months(range 7 days to 5 years). The indications included unstable hemodynamic profiles after open heart surgery due to myocardial edema and poor lung compliance(15), necessity of mechanical ventricular assist device due to weaning failure(3), and hypoxia after PAB(2). Sternum was closed at a mean interval of 102(range 4 to 213) hours after operation. During delayed sternal closure, central venous pressure was elevated(p<0.05). Mediastinitis and other wound problems did not occur. Sepsis developed in 2 patients and microorganism was confirmed in one of the two patients. Five patients died(mortality 25%). And two of 15 discharged patients died during follow-up period. Cumulative survival rate was 65.0% at 12 months and also 65.0% at 24 months.(Standard error was 10.7%) Delayed sternal closure Is considered to be a good method to decompress the hemodynamically compromised heart. Without that, it is not f asible to come off bypass or to decompress the heart. Of course. careful selection of the indication is imperative.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.83-90
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• 2017

To understand the spatial-temporal distribution of seawater in Korea's South Sea, seawater movement and the distribution of water temperature has been analyzed using a hydrodynamic model (the Princeton Ocean Model). The directions of tidal currents were generally westward during flood tides and eastward during ebb tides. Northeastward Tsushima Warm Currents in the open sea, which is deeper than 50m were stronger than in coastal areas. Analysis of data from the hydrodynamic model showed that the water temperature in the semi-closed bay was relatively higher ($26{\sim}28^{\circ}C$) than in the open sea ($18{\sim}22^{\circ}C$). The exchange volume of semi-closed seawater was $10,331m^3/sec$ in Gwangyang Bay, $16,935m^3/sec$ in Yeosu-Gamag Bay and $13,454m^3/sec$ in Geoje-Hansan Bay. Therefore, it was shown that the lower seawater exchange volume is, the higher seawater temperature will be.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.485-491
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• 2012

The wall interference effects around the wind-turbine airfoil are experimentally investigated at low Reynolds numbers in a closed test-section wind tunnel. The test is performed at free-stream velocities from 10 to 31 m/s, which correspond to Reynolds numbers ranging from $1.5{\times}10^5$ to $4.6{\times}10^5$ based on chord of the airfoil. The blockage-area ratios, which is the ratio of the chord to the test-section width, are 27.8%, 38.5%, 41.7%, 45.5%, and 55.6%. The test results for the airfoil show that the transition point on the airfoil surface tends to move backward due to wall interference. The wall pressures for an adequate interference correction by a measured-boundary-condition method are desirable more than three times region of the chord before and after around the reference center.

• Korean Journal of School Psychology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.291-316
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• 2021

This study was conducted to identify how special education teachers perceive their school's organizational climate through latent profile analysis performed using Mplus, and determine whether there was a difference in the average teacher burnout rate between perception groups using three-step approaches. The participants were 312 special education teachers. The perception groups were identified as 'closed', 'laissez-faire', 'average', 'controlled', and 'autonomous.' The groups had different teacher burnout rates. The closed group had the highest rate, while the autonomous group had the lowest. This paper discusses the implications of these results for special education teacher burnout and school organizational climate, and suggests ideas for future studies.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.190-200
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• 1996

Background : Mechanical ventilation constitutes the last therapeutic method for acute respiratory failure when oxygen therapy and medical treatment fail to improve the respiratory status of the patient. This invasive ventilation, classically administered by endotracheal intubation or by tracheostomy, is associated with significant mortality and morbidity. Consequently, any less invasive method able to avoid the use of endotracheal ventilation would appear to be useful in high risk patient. Over recent years, the efficacy of nasal mask ventilation has been demonstrated in the treatment of chronic restrictive respiratory failure, particularly in patients with neuromuscular diseases. More recently, this method has been successfully used in the treatment of acute respiratory failure due to parenchymal disease. Method : We assessed the efficacy of Bilevel positive airway pressure(BiPAP) in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD). This study prospectively evaluated the clinical effectiveness of a treatment schedule with positive pressure ventilation via nasal mask(Respironics BiPAP device) in 22 patients with acute exacerbations of COPD. Eleven patients with acute exacerbations of COPD were treated with nasal pressure support ventilation delivered via a nasal ventilatory support system plus standard treatment for 3 consecutive days. An additional 11 control patients were treated only with standard treatment. The standard treatment consisted of medical and oxygen therapy. The nasal BiPAP was delivered by a pressure support ventilator in spontaneous timed mode and at an inspiratory positive airway pressure $6-8cmH_2O$ and an expiratory positive airway pressure $3-4cmH_2O$. Patients were evaluated with physical examination(respiratory rate), modified Borg scale and arterial blood gas before and after the acute therapeutic intervention. Results : Pretreatment and after 3 days of treatment, mean $PaO_2$ was 56.3mmHg and 79.1mmHg (p<0.05) in BiPAP group and 56.9mmHg and 70.2mmHg (p<0.05) in conventional treatment (CT) group and $PaCO_2$ was 63.9mmHg and 56.9mmHg (p<0.05) in BiPAP group and 53mmHg and 52.8mmHg in CT group respectively. pH was 7.36 and 7.41 (p<0.05) in BiPAP group and 7.37 and 7.38 in cr group respectively. Pretreatment and after treatment, mean respiratory rate was 28 and 23 beats/min in BiPAP group and 25 and 20 beats/min in CT group respectively. Borg scale was 7.6 and 4.7 in BiPAP group and 6.4 and 3.8 in CT group respectively. There were significant differences between the two groups in changes of mean $PaO_2$, $PaCO_2$ and pH respectively. Conclusion: We conclude that short-term nasal pressure-support ventilation delivered via nasal BiPAP in the treatment of acute exacerbation of COPD, is an efficient mode of assisted ventilation for improving blood gas values and dyspnea sensation and may reduce the need for endotracheal intubation with mechanical ventilation.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.303-306
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• 2002

Patients with severe Ebstein's anomaly showing in the neonatal period, represent progressive cardiac enlargement with pulmonary hypoplasia and functional pulmonary atresia with patent ductus alteriosus-dependent pulmonary circulation. Biventricular repair in these patients had been mostly unsuccessful except for Starnes' procedure that converts the anatomy to single ventricle physiology for Fontan procedure. A 4-days old male was admitted with the diagnosis of severe Ebstein's anomaly with anatomic pulmonary atresia and severe cardiac enlargement. He successfully underwent biventricular repair with vertical plication method of atrialized right ventricle, tricupid annuloplasty, transannular right ventricular outflow tract reconstrulltion, atrial septal defect patch closure with fenestration, and right atrial reduction angioplasty Postoperatively, cardiothoracic ratio was significantly reduced and mild tricuspid regurgitation was remnant in echocardiography. The patient is currently 10 months old and is fully active without restrictions.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.205-211
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• 2011

On board comparison of pH and total alkalinity measurement in seawater was carried out during the JES expedition on R/V Roger Revelle in the East Sea using 550 real seawater samples from the surface to the bottom. Spectrophotometry and potentiometry without liquid junction were compared for pH measurement. The pH values of two methods are generally in a good agreement. Spectrophotometry with a pipette provides higher value compare with the potentiometry in the deep layer, where pH values are lower. However, spectrophotometry without a pipette shows same values with potentiometry within their precision range. The pipetting procedure may remove of $CO_2$ in the sample, which causes increase of pH. Potentiometric titration methods using a closed-cell and an open-cell were compared for the total alkalinity measurement. Values from open cell method are smaller by about 5~10 ${\mu}mol\;kg^{-1}$ than those from closed cell method. This may be caused by the bubble formed in the closed cell during the experiment. Although any analytical method compared in this study for the pH or TA measurement can be applied, special attentions should be paid for satisfactory results.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.334-338
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• 2012

A 3-year-old, intact male Pungsan dog was presented for a 2-week history of a non-weight-bearing lameness of left hindlimb with anorexia. The dog had no history of trauma, and never been routinely vaccinated or treated with heartworm preventatives. The complete blood count showed severe leukocytosis and neutrophilia with left shift. Serum biochemistry showed hypoalbuminemia, azotemia, and increased hepatobilliary enzyme activity. A canine heartworm antigen test was positive. Thoracic radiographs were consistent with heartworm disease as evidences by main pulmonary artery enlargement, right-sided cardiomegaly, and interstitial lung pattern. Echocardiography revealed pulmonary valvular regurgitation and pulmonary hypertension. Selective femoral arterial angiogram was performed, and bilateral femoral arterial occlusion was identified. The dog died after angiogram, and necropsy was performed. At necropsy, adult heartworm and a large blood clot were found within the lumen of left and right femoral artery. This case report describes an unusual migration of heartworm to femoral artery that caused hindlimb lameness.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.35-41
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• 1994

Newborns with ileal atresia freqently present with abdominal distension, bilious vomiting. and failure to pass meconium. Diagnosis is usually established on plain x-ray of the abdomen by the findings of distended small bowel loops and air-fluid levels. In the period of October 1988 to February 1994, 8 patients with congenital ileal atresia were operated and the following results were obtained. 1. Eight patients were comprised of 4 males and 4 females, the ratio of male and female was 1 : 1. 2. Six patients(75%) had been admittted to our hospital during three days of life. 3. Congenital ileal atresia was in 8 cases : Type I in two(25%), Type II in two(25%), Type IIIa in three(37.5%), Type IIIb in one(12.5%). 4. There was one premature patient who was small for gestational age. 5. Overall, abdominal distension and bilious vomiting occurring in seven patients, were frequent presenting complaints. 6. Diagnosis was possible with clinical symptom and simple abdomen. 7. Operative treatment was undertaken as soon as the diagnosis was made. In seven cases a primary end-to-end anastomosis was performed after resection of dilated proximal loop. 8. A total of four associated congenital anomalies were found in one patient. 9. Postoperative complications occurred in three cases(37.5%).

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.579-584
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• 2010

Purpose : The number of the repatriated Korean students who had overseas study at early ages is increasing. They received foreign education, they can speak international languages, but they have many difficulties in articulation and intonation of the Korean language. This study aims to measure closure and aspiration duration, length of consonants, length of subsequent vowels, and ratio of consonants against subsequent vowels in vowel-consonant-vowel (VCV) syllables. Methods : This study compares the acoustic and phonetic characteristics of repatriated and native students, the ratio of articulation error of Korean plosives, the closure and aspiration duration, and the ratio of the aspiration duration against the closure duration. Results : The ratio of articulation error of Korean plosives between repatriated and native students is 19% and 2%, respectively. The closure duration was significantly longer in repatriated students than in native students. The aspiration duration was significantly longer in repatriated students than in native students. No difference was found in the ratio of aspiration duration against closure duration between the native and repatriated students. Conclusion : This study can be a good reference for estimating the phonetic difficulties of Korean elementary students who had overseas study at early ages.