• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2010

In this study, nutritional analysis was done on regular rice bran and fermented rice bran toward increasing their availability and use. Regular and fermented rice bran were extracted 10 times at $98^{\circ}C$ for 4 hours each with water, extracted with 60% ethanol at $60^{\circ}C$ for 4 hours, then concentrated and extracted twice by freeze-drying. When rice bran was fermented, moisture, protein, and ash contents increased, while fats and carbohydrates decreased. Out of fatty acids, the saturated fatty acid content of regular rice ran was found to be 17.7%, and 20.5% when fermented while the unsaturated fatty acid components of rice ran and fermented rice bran were found to be 82.3 and 79.5%, respectively. In both kinds of bran, palmitic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid represented over 90% of the fatty acid content. In rice bran the fatty acid composition was 15.1% palmitic acid, 40.6% oleic acid and 39.5% linoleic acid, while that of fermented rice bran was 13.2% palmitic acid, 43.2% oleic acid and 31.3% linoleic acid. Out of free sugars fermented rice bran contained 0% fructose, 0.0099% glucose, 0.0039% maltose and 0.3233% sucrose. These results with which those of regular rice bran were silmilar were according to the normal sugar composition of rice in general. The vitamin C content of rice bran was 53 mg/100 g and that of fermented rice bran 7 mg/100 g. In neither kind of rice bran was vitamin A detected. Out of 18 minerals analyzed, Ca, K, Mg, and Mn were the most abundant minerals in both kinds of rice bran. Fermented rice bran had a higher K content with 3,163 mg/100 g, than normal rice bran, Mg content was 1,178 mg/100g. Fermented rice bran had a higher total mineral content.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.289-297
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• 2005

This study was conducted to develop the suitable nutrient solutions for variable Cruciferae leafy vegetables. l/2, 1 and 3/2 strength of nutrient solution recommended by National Horticultural Research Institute were supplied to plants in deep flow technique systems during 25 days. The growth of pak-choi and leaf mustard 'Asia curled' was highest in the 3/2 strength, and kaie 'TBC' in the 1 strength. Mean cation ratio of nutrient solution for pak-choi, leaf mustard and kale was K $49.5\%$, Ca $35.8\%$ and Mg $14.7\%$, which was obtained by calculating the uptake rates of water and nutrients. Suitable composition of the nutrient solution for Cruciferae leafy vegetables was N 14, P 3, K 6.8, Ca 4.8, $Mg 2m{\cdot}L^{-1}$. To examine the suitability of nutrient solution developed for Cruciferae vegetables (NSC), plants were grown 4 times from Sep. 2003 to Oct. 2004. When plants were grown in NSC, relative growth rate increased 1.1 to 2.5 times and vitamin C content 1.06 to 1.52 times. The proper plants to apply NSC for functional leaf vegetable production were leaf mustard 'Asia recurled', 'Redcurled' and 'Pamagreen', kale 'TBC', 'Portugal' and 'Hanchu collard', leaf broccoli 'New green', pak-choi, baby cabbage 'Red king' and 'Green king', flowering red chinese cabbage and Korean cabbage.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.294-300
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• 2012

The anti-oxidant properties of $Lactuca$ $indica$ were determined using in-vitro assay systems. The vitamin C contents of the leaf and root extracts were 24.14 and 0.38 mg/100 g, respectively. The total polyphenol contents of the leaf and root extracts were 42.8 and 7.66 mg/g, and their flavonoid contents were 23.09 and 0.77 mg/g. The leaf extract showed higher DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging ability than the root extract at all the extract concentrations. Especially, the ABTS radical scavenging ability of the leaf extract was 92.3% at a concentration of 5 mg/mL. The reducing power was increased with the increase in the concentration of extracts, and the leaf extract had a higher reducing power than the root. The $Fe^{2+}$-chelating ability of the leaf and root were 97.2% and 34.3% at 14 mg/mL, respectively. The $IC_{50}$ values of the leaf for DPPH, its ABTS radical scavenging ability, and its $Fe^{2+}$-chelating ability were 0.19, 2.7, and 6.27 mg/mL, respectively, and the leaf extract showed lower $IC_{50}$ values than root extract. These results show that the $L.$ $indica$ leaf extract contained high amounts of anti-oxidative compounds and had higher anti-oxidant activity levels than the root extract. It is suggested that Lactuca indica is very high in availability as a functional food and in its materials.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.202-208
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• 1985

The significant chemical constituents estimating the quality of green tea were compared and analyzed in the tea shoots of native Korean tea plants. The tea shoots of different varieties among native tea plants were plucked in Waun-ri, Yongjang-ri, others in eight tea-growing places, and Yabukita, for the comparison, which is excellent Japanese variety. The contents of Yongjang-ri tea shoots were 0.55% lower in total nitrogen, 41.44mg% lower in vitamin C and 0.56% higher in tannin than the average of the other eight places. The contents of ash, caffeine and water extract showed no difference between the tea shoots. Tea shoots of Waunri had similar compositions compared with those of Yabukita and other eight places in the chemical constituents. It is considered that the tea loaves in Yongjang-ri would be different variety comparing with other eight places in the view of characters and constituents. And it is thought that tea loaves in Waun-ri would be the large leaf variety of same genealogy because tea loaves in Waun-ri was different from the other eight places in characters, but was similar to in constituents.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.67-67
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• 2018

차요테(Sechium edule L.)는 중앙아메리카와 멕시코 남부가 원산인 박과 채소로 찜, 볶음, 튀김, 수프, 샐러드로 활용되는 아열대 채소다. 어린 순은 양념으로 무치거나 볶아서 나물로 이용되고, 열매는 샐러드, 수프, 볶음, 절임 등으로 이용된다. 동양에서는 뿌리채소로 이용되는 무(Raphanus sativus L.)와 유사하게 활용되고 있기도 하며, 인도네시아에서는 칠리 소스, 기름 등에 볶아 먹거나, 삶아서 양념을 찍어 먹기도 한다. 영양학적으로 열매에는 엽산, 비타민 C, 비타민 B6, 구리(Cu), 마그네슘(Mg) 등 미네랄이 풍부하며, 특히 칼륨(K)이 많이 함유되어 있다. 생태적으로 아열대지역에서는 다년생이지만 우리 나라에서는 일년생으로 취급하여, 봄에 정식하여 가을철에 개화되며, 늦가을에서 초겨울까지 열매를 수확한다. 본 연구는 중부지방에서 차요테 열매의 수확량이 줄어들지 않으면서, 차요테의 어린 순을 수확할 수 있는 재배기술을 개발하기 위하여, 2017년에 이어 2018년에도 동일한 처리로 시험을 수행하였다. 시설하우스에서 $2{\times}3m$ 간격으로 2018년 2월 9일부터 4월 21일까지 15일 간격으로 6회 파종하였고, 처리별로 발아시, 발아기, 발아전, 초장, 엽수, 엽록소함량, 어린순 수확량 등을 조사했다. 4차 처리구인 3월 23일 파종의 경우 발아시(최초 발아일)는 파종 후 4일이 소요되어, 1차 처리구 2월 10일 파종 보다 18일 빨랐고, 발아기(40% 발아)는 파종 후 10일로 24일 빨랐으며, 발아전(80% 발아)은 파종 후 16일로 25일 정도 더 빨리 발아되는 경향이었다. 정식 후부터 6월 하순까지 어린순 생산량은 4차 파종 시 773 g주$^{-1}$로 1차 파종 785g주$^{-1}$와 차이가 없을 정도로 생육이 좋았지만, 5차 파종 및 6차 파종의 경우 생산량이 저조하였다. 따라서, 하반기 과실 생산량을 추가적으로 조사하고, 어린순 생산량과 비교하여 중부지역 차요테의 최적 파종시기를 정할 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.13 no.3 s.56
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• pp.406-413
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• 2005

This study performed the evaluation of skin temperature, heart rate, temperature and relative humidity of microclimate, and subjective sensation, such as thermal sensation, wet sensation and comfort sensation to estimate physiological responses of the human body and its comfortable feeling to the vitamin E fabric. Experiments were performed on the five healthy adult women whose average age was 21, at climate chamber in which temperature, relative humidity and air current were set up below $30{\pm}\;1^{\circ}C$, $50{\pm}\;15\%$ and 0.2m/s, respectively. Two kinds of clothes were used for experiments: unfinished sports clothes, with the same form and the same size, of short-sleeved knit shirt and long trousers made with $100\%$ cotton, and finished sports clothes printed with the vitamin E solution of the level of $0.88\%$. Exercises of walking (about 105 steps/minute) with the exercise intensity of 2.5 were performed for 20 minutes using treadmill. In result, the study showed significant difference (p<0.01) in average skin temperature between unfinished and finished sport clothes, and represented higher value with having unfinished sport clothes in wear than with finished one. The study also showed significant difference (p<0.01) in heart rate only during the period of exercise, and represented higher value generally with unfinished sport clothes than with finished one. There were significant differences not only in temperature of microclimate (p<0.01) but also in humidity of microclimate (p<0.05) between two sport clothes. As for the evaluation of subjective sensation, the study showed significant difference (p<0.05) in thermal sensation between the two kinds of sport clothes, significant difference in wet sensation only during the period of exercise, and significant difference (p<0.05) in comfort sensation only during the period of recovery.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.21-33
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• 2001

The objective of this study was to examine the effects of antioxidant vitamins on the cellular oxidant damage by observing the mitogenicity in the mouse spleen and the strand breaks of DNA in mouse blood induced by $AFB_2$. Intraperitoneal(i.p.) injections of vitamin C(VC) of 10 mg/kg and vitamin E(VE) of 63.8 mg/kg were repeatedly administered to male ICR mice of 6 weeks old at intervals of 4 times every 2 days. After one hour vitamin treatments, $AFB_1$ of 0.4 mg/kg was injected into the $AFB_2$ plus vitamin treated groups in the same way. On the other hands, into the $AFB_2$ only treated group, only $AFB_2$ was injected without vitamins in the same method as above. The results of the experiment are as follows ; as regard to comet assay, DNA strand breaks were clearly present and they formatted a typical comet tail in the mice blood of the $AFB_2$ only treated groups. However, comet tails apparently disappeared in $AFB_2$ plus antioxidant vitamins treated groups since oxidant damage was controlled in an almost similar level to the control group. Mitogenicity of the spleen also showed a similar tendency as before, and these differences were more remarkably observed in the reaction against Con-A, which is a T-cell mitogen. In these data, the statistical significance was p<0.01. The LDL and VLDL levels were 408.72, 504.47 mg/dl respectively in the $AFB_2$ only treated groups. Compared with the $AFB_1$ only treated groups, those of $AFB_2$ plus antioxidant vitamin treated groups decreased to 272.06(VC), 305.28 mg/dl(VE), respectively. On the other hand, HDL levels were diminished to 32.60, 29.60 mg/dl in $AFB_2$ only treated groups, compared to 42.23, 41.14 mg/dl in the $AFB_2$ plus antioxidant vitamins treated groups. But, blood glucose levels were not statistically significant.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.278-281
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• 2007

The nutritional composition of Pleurotus nebrodensis fruiting body has been analyzed for medicinal and edible uses. Minerals of P. nebrodensis were found to be as follows potassium (1,612.96 mg/100 g), phosphorus (644.52 mg/100 g), magnesium (100.32 mg/100 g), sodium (97.84 mg/100 g), calcium (13.8 mg/100 g), iron (4.77 mg/100 g), zinc (4.32 mg/100 g), copper (0.88 mg/100 g) and manganese (0.55 mg/100 g) based on dry weight. Eighteen amino acids were found in P. nebrodensis. Among total amino acid, glutamic acid content was the highest (353 mg/100 g) and aspartic acid, leucine, arginine and alanine were followed. Concerning free amino acids, tryptophan, proline, alanine and isoleucine were dominant. The vitamin E content was the highest (285.31 mg/100 g), then vitamin C, niacin and vitamin $B_6$ were followed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.700-704
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• 2004

This study was conducted to determine the several structural carbohydrate of 9 kinds of brassica vegetables. The samples were dried at 6$0^{\circ}C$ for 24 hrs and ground to pass a 0.5 mm screen. The crude protein and crude fat contents of brassica vegetables were 2∼3 times higher than those of grain as dry matter basis. However, the crude ash content of brassica vegetables was 7 times higher than that of grain. Total dietary fiber (TDF) was ranged from 24.26% (Narinosa) to 47.33% (Chinensis) as dry matter basis. Insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) was ranged from 17.75% (Narinosa) to 26.81% (Toscana) as dry matter basis. Soluble dietary fiber (SDF) was ranged from 3.20% (Toscana) to 23.45% (Narinosa) as dry matter basis. The correlation of brassica vegetables was r=0.30 between TDF and IDF, r=0.89 between TDF and SDF (p＜0.01), r =0.25 between TDF and CHO, and r=0.29 between DFi and NDF (p＜0.05), respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.141-148
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• 1998

This study describes the effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3[1,25(OH)2D3, calcitriol] analog, 1,25(OH)2-16ene-23yne-D3 on proliferatin and differentiatin of the human histiocytic lymphoma cell line U937. This paper also describes the effects of 1,25(OH)2-16ene-23yne-D3 on ${\gamma}$-interferon(IFN-${\gamma}$) synthesis by phytohemagglutinin-activated peripheral blood lymphocytes(PBLs). In the present investigation, 1,25(OH2)-16ene-23yne-D3 was compared to the natural metablite of vitamin D3, 1,25(OH)2D3. 1,25(OH)2-16ene-23yne-D3 was more potent than 1,25(OH)2D3 for inhibition of proliferation and induction of differentiation of U937 cells, Its effects on inhibition of proliferation was about 30-fold more potent than 1,25(OH)2D3. On induction of differentiation as measured by nonspecific esterase (NSE) activity and morphologic change, this analog morphologically and functionally differentiated U937 cells to monocyte-macrophage phenotype showing a decrease of N/C ration in Giemsa staining and the increase of adherence ability of surface. After 3 days in culture, a more significant supression of IFN-${\gamma}$ synthesis analog on supression of IFN-${\gamma}$ synthesis was a dose-dependent manner, with peak activity at 10-7M. The strong direct effects of 1,25(OH)2-16ene-23yne-D3 on cell proliferation and cell differentiation, make this compound an interesting candidate for clinical studies for several types of malignancies, and the effects on supression of IFN-${\gamma}$ synthesis provide the further evidence for a role of 1,25(OH)2-16ene-23yne-D3 in immunoregulation.