• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.311-316
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• 2011

This study aimed to determine the effect of EC (electrical conductivity) levels of nutrient solution in hydroponic culture on allyl-isothiocyanate (AITC) content within plant tissues, Vitamin C content and physiological responses in wasabi plant (Wasabia japonica M. 'Darma'). The 'Darma' was grown for 5 weeks with a deep flow technique (DFT) system controlled at 5 different EC levels, including 0.5, 1, 2, 3, and $5dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$. In result, the highest total content of AITC showed at EC level 5 and $3dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ for 1 or 5- week, respectively. The total content of AITC increased about 1.2-1.4 times when the plants were grown in the EC levels between 0.5 and $2dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$, whereas the content decreased about 6 and 56 % in the EC level 3 and $5dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$, respectively. The content of AITC was relatively higher in petiole tissue, about 53 %, taken from 1 week-grown plants when the EC was controlled between 0.5 and $2dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$. Root tissue also had relatively higher content of AITC, about 45.1 %, when the EC was controlled at 3 and $5dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$. However, a 5-fold decrease in the AITC content was found in blade tissue and a 6.8-fold decrease in root when the EC was controlled at $5dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ for 5 weeks. There was no significant difference in the vitamin C content in 1-week grown leaf tissues under the different EC level treatments; but, the content increased about 27% in 5-week grown plants at the EC level between 0.5 and $2dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$, compared to the 1 week-grown leaf tissue. Electrolyte leakage of leaf tissue taken from 3-week grown plant was 3-fold higher at the EC level $5dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$, compared to the EC level between 0.5 and $2dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$. Chlorophyll content, photosynthesis rate and transpiration rate were decreased when the EC was controlled at higher than $2dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$. Leaf water content, specific leaf area and growth were decreased when the EC was controlled at $5dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ for 5 weeks. All the integrated results in this study suggest that the EC level of nutrient solution should be maintained at lower than $3dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ in order to improve nutritional value and quantity required for hydroponically grown wasabi as functional vegetable.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.47-53
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• 1992

This study was carried out to determine the plasma vitamin $D_3$($D_3$) of 3 weeks old broiler chicks (Hubbard line), whose dorsal skin was exposed to different dose of 310 m UV light. The irradiated doses were 0~0.79 J/$\textrm{cm}^2$(6 doses$\times$5 replica＝30 chicks). The blood samples were collected 2 days after exposure. The lipid in plasma isolated was extracted with ethyl acetate. The $D_3$ was purified by $C_{18}$ cartridge and analyzed by HPLC. The average $D_3$ content in plasma of control chicks was 20 ng /$m\ell$. When 0.32 J/$\textrm{cm}^2$ of dose was treated, the highest amount of 43 ng /$m\ell$ was found among those of chicks experimented, corresponding to 2.15 times that of control. However, When more doses than 0.32 J/$\textrm{cm}^2$ were exposed to the skin, D$_3$ contents were decreased gradually. The similar to control level of $D_3$ was observed when 0.79 J/$\textrm{cm}^2$ was applied.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.53-60
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• 2020

Purpose: This study used raw data from the fifth (2010-2012) Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) to assess the relationship between vitamin D level and glycemic control of diabetes, and to provide basic data about the use of vitamin D for preparation of a treatment plan for diabetes in South Korea. Methods: For this study, data of 1,713 diabetes from KNHANES (2010-2012) were used. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0 program, and complex sample frequency analysis, descriptive statistics, complex sample cross analysis, complex sample general linear regression, and complex sample logistic regression analysis were performed. Results: It was found that the poor glycemic control group among the diabetes subjects had significantly lower level of blood vitamin D than the good glycemic control group. Factors affecting glycemic control included drinking, vitamin D levels, hypertriglyceridemia, duration of diabetes, and treatment of diabetes. Also, diabetics with vitamin D deficiency or shortage showed 3.55- and 2.61-times higher odds ratios, respectively, to be diagnosed as the poor glycemic control group than diabetics without vitamin D deficiency or shortage. Conclusion: This study is significant because it provides rationale and basic data about the use of vitamin D for preparation of a treatment plan for diabetes in South Korea by assessing the dependence of glycemic control on the vitamin D level of diabetics. Additionally, future studies are necessary to determine the appropriate concentration of vitamin D for diabetes prevention and treatment to prevent the side effects of excessive supplementation.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.303-309
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• 2008

Deficiency of collagen regeneration, denaturalization of elastic fibers, and promotion of reactive oxygen species formation are important factors for deterioration of skin function. They induce wrinckle formation and decrease skin elasticity. Vitamin C and its derivatives have been used as cosmetic ingredients for anti-aging effects but their chemical instability has been a major problem. In an attempt to develop a novel anti-aging agent with a improved stability and bioactivity, the anti-wrinkle effect of 3-O-cetyl-L-ascorbic acid (VCCE), a new vitamin C derivative, was investigated in this study. VCCE increased procollagen type-1 synthesis in a dose-dependent manner (149% at 0.002%) in cultured fiboroblasts. Its potent anti-wrinkle effect was confirmed in vivo by analyzing human skin replica by a visiometer and the PRIMOS system. It did not cause any irritation in human patch test. Taken together, our findings suggest that the VCCE has potential benefits applicable to cosmetics for anti-wrinkle effects.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.91-96
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• 2011

Deficiency of collagen regeneration, denaturalization of fibers, increased melanin synthesis and reactive oxygen species are important factors inducing deterioration of healthy skin function. They induce freckles and decrease in skin elasticity. Vitamin C, vitamin A and their derivatives have been used as cosmetic ingredients for improvement of these problems but they have various problems. We have been developing the various derivatives of these ingredients. In this study, we investigated whitening effect of 3-o-cetyl-L-ascorbic acid (VCCE), a new vitamin C derivative. The VCCE inhibited melanogenesis in a dose dependent manner(44 % at $20\;{\mu}g/mL $) and tyrosinase expression. For 8 weeks, we also investigated skin brightening effect of VCCE on pigmented spots in UV-irradiated human skin. In results, VCCE showed a statistically significant skin whitening effect by mechanical and visual evaluation. Taken together, our findings suggest that the VCCE has potential benefits as an active ingredient for whitening cosmetics.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.35-43
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• 2015

In this study, hot water extract from sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) leaves fermented with Hericium erinaceum mycelium (SBT-HE) was assessed for protection against oxidative modification of biological macromolecules and cell death. Antioxidant activity of SBT-HE was evaluated based on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical, and peroxyl radical scavenging assays. SBT-HE showed 65.06% DPPH radical scavenging activity at $500{\mu}g/mL$, 98.83% ABTS radical scavenging activity at $50{\mu}g/mL$, and 44.03% peroxyl radical scavenging activity at $100{\mu}g/mL$. SBT-HE significantly inhibited DNA strand breakage induced by peroxyl radical. SBT-HE also prevented peroxyl radical-mediated human serum albumin modification. SBT-HE effectively inhibited $H_2O_2$-induced cell death and significantly increased cell survival by 21.59% at $100{\mu}g/mL$. SBT-HE also reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species levels in $H_2O_2$-treated cells. The results suggest that SBT-HE can contribute to antioxidant activity and protect cells from oxidative stress-induced cell injury.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.381-386
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• 2017

Ergocalciferol is known as having vitamin D activity. In this study, the effects of UV irradiation on the increase of egocalciferol content were investigated in 7 kinds of mushrooms, i.e, lily mushroom (Flammulina velutipes), oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus), young oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus), king oyster mushroom (Pleurotus eryngii), button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus), shiitake (Lentinula edodes), and wood ear mushroom (Auricularia auricula-judae). Mushrooms which were not exposed to UV light contained negligible amount of ergocalciferol in all kinds of tested mushrooms, but UV irradiation increased their content of ergocalciferol. Of UV A, B and C, UV B light was the most effective to increase ergocalciferol contents. In mushrooms, the increase in ergocalciferol content occurred only in the peel within 1 mm depth from the surface, which was directly exposed to the UV light. Therefore, when fresh whole mushrooms were irradiated with UV light, lily mushroom, the mushroom with a larger surface area compared to volume, such as lily mushroom, was more favorable in producing ergocalciferol. On the other hand when the mushrooms were freeze-dried and cut, the mushrooms with a higher ergosterol, such as king oyster mushroom, shiitake or button mushroom, were more favorable in generating ergocalciferol.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.487-494
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• 2002

This study was conducted to investigate the thermal stability of water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins dissolved in water and milk by various heat treatments. Vitamin samples were prepared by dissolving them in water and milk at various concentrations, and were heat treated for 30 min at 65$\^{C}$, 15 sec at 85$\^{C}$, 5 sec at 100$\^{C}$, 121$\^{C}$ at 15 min, the levels of residual vitamin were measured by using HPLC. Milk samples were fortified with vitamins before and after UHT treatment. As heating over 100$\^{C}$, riboflavin in water were destructed more than 92% but fortified in milk showed less than 20% destruction, suggesting that riboflavin was protected by milk components. Also retinol heated ever 100$\^{C}$ was more stable in milk than in water. L-Ascorbic acid and cholecalciferol(D$_3$) showed a similar destruction rate in water and in fortified milk. L-ascorbic acid was easily destructed by UHT treatment. Destruction of thiamin and tocopherol was increased in fortified milk. Among tour capsulated water-soluble vitamins, L-ascorbic acid was much more stable compared with powder form. Nicotinic acid and folic acid either in capsule or powder form showed a slight destruction by heat treatment. The results suggested that the fortification of unstable vitamins such as L-ascorbic acid, thiamin, tocopherol and cholecalciferol(D$_3$) should be made in milk after heat treatment.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.129-140
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• 2017

This study was carried out to develop of environmental risk assessments and the biosafety guide for Vitamin E enhanced transgenic soybean at LMO (Living Modified Organism) isolation field. In LMO quarantine area of National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, insect species diversities and population densities on vitamin E enhanced transgenic soybean and non-GM soybeans (Willams 82 and Seoritae) were investigated. A total of 17,717 individuals of 77 species from 8 orders were collected in LMO isolation field. In three type soybeans field, total of 5,250 individuals in Vitamin E enhanced transgenic soybean, 5,510 individuals in Willams 82, and 6,957 individuals in Seoritae were collected, respectively. There was no difference between the population densities of insect pests, natural enemies and other insects on Vitamin E enhanced transgenic soybean and Willams 82, while natural enemies density on Seoritae was higher than on Vitamin E enhanced transgenic soybean, but insect pests density on Vitamin E enhanced transgenic soybean was higher. These results provided the insects diversity for risk assessment survey of Vitamin E enhanced transgenic soybean and suggested that the guideline could be useful to detect LMO crops.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.185-192
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• 1993

Intraosseous phlebography was performed to determine the healing effect of the dosing treated with vitamin-D$_3$ and/or calcium phosphate on the fractured bone in male rabbits. Femoral shafts of 16 adult male rabbits were fractured and these animals were divided into 3 treated groups and 1 control group l. The 1st treated group of rabbits was dosed with vitamin-D$_3$(VD), the 2nd treated group of rabbits was given calcium phosphate(CP), and the 3.d treated group of rabbits received vitamin-D$_3$ and calcium phosphate. The control group of rabbits was dosed with saline alone. Radiographs were taken weekly in each rabbit over 6 weeks period and the results obtained were as follows. 1. Sinusoidal vein was visualized at 3rd week in eve animal received CP and VC, at 5 week in animals received VD and in control animals. 2. Main nutrient vein was observed more clearly in treated groups than in control group of animals. 3. These results indicate that venous reconstruction of the fractured bone in groups of rabbits received CP and VC was earlier and more complete than those of other groups of rabbits. 4. Therefore, intraosseous phlebography is suitable for determination of the bone healing effect of vitamin-D$_3$ and/or calcium phosphate in femoral fractured rabbits.