• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
• /
• v.11 no.4
• /
• pp.175-180
• /
• 2008

진행된 암환자에서 피로는 70% 이상이 경험하게 되는 흔한 증상이며 삶의 질을 저하시키는 주된 요인이다. 피로에 대한 선별검사는 "피곤하거나 지친감이 있나요?"라는 단순한 질문으로 가능하며 이미 개발된 평가도구를 사용하여 평가할 수 있다. 동반 질환이나 피로의 원인을 알기 위한 병력청취와 검사실 검사가 필요할 수 있으며 결과에 따라 가역적 인자를 치료하는 과정이 우선되어야 한다. 적절한 약물치료를 시행하여 증상을 호전시킬 수 있으며 이중 methylphenidate는 암 연관 피로를 호전시키고 마약성 진통제에 의한 진정에 효과가 입증되었다. 환자의 여명에 따라 부신 피질 호르몬제도 사용할 수 있고, 운동 및 환자의 교육과 영양관리 또한 중요하다.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.234-243
• /
• 2006

Objectives : Several factors, such as biological markers, clinical correlates, and course of the depressive disorders with psychotic symptoms differ from those without psychotic symptoms. Therefore, specification of a treatment algorithm for depressive disorder with psychotic symptoms is legitimated. This article provides a systematic review of somatic treatments for depressive disorder with psychotic symptoms. Methods : According to the search strategy of the Clinical Research Center for Depression of Korean Health 21 R & D Project, first, PubMed and EMBASE were searched using terms with regard to the treatment of depressive disorders with psychotic symptoms(until July 2006). Reference lists of related reviews and studies were searched. In addition, relevant practice guidelines were searched using PubMed. All identified clinical literatures were reviewed and summarized in a narrative manner. Results : Treatment options, such as a combination of an antidepressant and an antipsychotic versus an antidepressant or an antipsychotic alone are summarized. In addition, issues regarding the electroconvulsive therapy( ECT), combination therapy, and maintenance treatment are discussed. Conclusion : In former times, the combination of an antidepressant and an antipsychotic or ECT were recommended as the first line treatment for depressive disorder with psychotic symptoms. Recently, however, there was a suggestion that there was no conclusive evidence that the combination of an antidepressant and an antipsychotic drug is more effective than an antidepressant alone. More evidence regarding the pharmacological treatment for depressive disorder with psychotic symptoms is needed.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
• /
• v.20 no.10
• /
• pp.39-49
• /
• 2022

The purpose of this study was to systematic review about randomized controlled trials the characteristics and effect of non-pharmacological intervention on depressive symptom in elderly with mild cognitive impairment. We searched studies published from January 2011 to July 2021 in 3 databases. A total 1,455 studies were found and included 11 studies in final analysis. Methodological quality was assessment with the Cochrane's RoB(risk of bias) tool. Geriatric Depression Scale(GDS) was the most used as the assessment tool for identifying the depressive symptom. Intervention were yoga, psychosocial intervention, cognitive training, health education, multi-component intervention, game training, aerobic/pulmonary physiotherapy, art therapy, music reminiscence activity, memory specificity training, cognitive stimulation therapy and SWTW(sleep well, think well) program. Among the intervention programs, yoga, multi-component intervention and game training were effective in improving depressive symptom. This study provided a clinical evidence for planning and implementing intervention on depressive symptom in elderly with mild cognitive impairment.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
• /
• v.19 no.1 s.32
• /
• pp.207-210
• /
• 2006

${\ulcorner}$상한잡병론(傷寒雜病論)${\lrcorner}$에 나오는 양허증의 병인병리(病因病理)에 대한 내용을 종합하여 검토하고, 그 처방의 구성 약물과 용약 규율에 대하여 살펴본 결과, 양허증을 치료하는 상용약물로는 부자 계지 건강 오수유 생강 등이 쓰였음을 알 수 있었다. 임상에서 약을 사용할 때에는 장부의 생리적 특징에 근거하여 약물을 배합하여야 좋은 효과를 얻을 수 있다. 예를 들어 심양허(心陽虛)에는 계지감초(桂枝甘草)에 복령(茯笭)을 배합하고, 신양허(腎陽虛)에는 진무탕(眞武湯) 신기환 등(等)에 복령(茯笭), 택사(澤瀉), 백출(白朮) 등의 약물을 배합하여, 비양허(脾陽虛)로 인한 담음(痰飮)에는 계지감초(桂枝甘草)의 신감(辛甘)한 약성으로 화양(化陽)하고, 복령(茯笭), 백출(白朮)로 건비리습(健脾利濕)하는 영계출감탕을 사용하며, 심하(心下)에 수(水)가 정체된 경우에는 윗 처방에 사인 백두구 등의 온건비위(溫健脾胃)하고 성비소식(醒脾消食)하는 약물을 가하여 사용한다. 폐양허(肺陽虛)하여 폐위가 된 경우에는 감초(甘草) 건강(乾姜) 등을 사용하여 온폐복기하는데, 이는 ‘배토생금(培土生金)’의 의미이다. 간양허(肝陽虛)가 나타나는 경우는 매우 드문데, 위기가 허한(虛寒)하여 간(肝)이 소설(疏泄)작용을 못할 때에는, 오수유(吳茱萸)로 온위산한(溫胃散寒)하고, 인삼(人參) 대조(大棗)로 보중익기하며, 오수유(吳茱萸) 생강(生姜)의 신산(辛散)작용으로 간기를 다스리는 오수유탕(吳茱萸湯)을 사용하여 강역지구(降逆止嘔)하며, 혼(魂)을 수렴하지 못하여 생긴 실안(失眼)에는 산조인탕(酸棗仁湯)으로 보간(補肝)하여 치료하며, 간경(肝經)에 한사(寒邪)가 침입하여 근맥이 연급(攣急)하게 된 경우에는 지주산(蜘蛛散)을 사용하여 온경산한(溫經散寒)한다.

• Journal of Science and Technology Studies
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.87-116
• /
• 2014

This article focuses on synthetic hormone consumption that illegal act of heterogeneous forms of pharmaceuticalization. Athletes are not unfamiliar with the use of synthetic hormones that contain anabolic steroids. Synthetic hormones are used to increase muscle mass and strength. This drug use practice cannot simply be viewed as illegal. Athletes accumulate knowledge on these hormones that conflicts with the knowledge proffered by physicians and they consume drugs responsibly. Physicians' knowledge of these hormones is limited to their use in the treatment of abnormalities. Athletes, however, are expanding the role of these hormones to include their potential for enhancement. Thereby, a new value is assigned to synthetic hormones, and an informal market is formed. Previous studies in the fields of biopolitics and biomedicalization have mainly focused on the formal connection between biomedical science and the institutional network. This article, therefore, analyzes the informal and the various aspects of biomedicalization.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.95-101
• /
• 2021

Patients complaining with somatic symptoms are very common in clinical practice, and are often consulted to medical department. But it is difficult to treat well. The treatment of somatic symptom disorder is multi-modal as none of the methods on their own provide a satisfactory outcome. The treatment of somatic symptoms disorders is complicated by lack of boundary, conceptual clarity, and overemphasis on psychosocial causation and effectiveness of psychological treatments. In clinical practice all classes of psychotropics are used to treat somatic symptoms disorder. Drugs such as tricyclic antidepressants, serotonin reuptake inibitors(SSRI), serotonin and noradrenalin reuptake inhibitors (SNRI), atypical antipsychotics are studied. The evidence indicates that these drugs are effective in somatic symptom disorders. All classes of antidepressants seem to be effective against somatic symptom disorders. SSRIs are more effective against hypochondriasis and body dysmorphic disorder, and SNRIs appear to be more effective than other antidepressants when pain is predominant. The author suggest that psychiatrists should know how to treat patients complaining with somatic symptoms by using not only psychotherapeutic approach but also pharmacological treatment. It will be helpful to reduce suffering and increase quality of life of these patients.

• The Monthly Diabetes
• /
• s.188
• /
• pp.23-25
• /
• 2005

복부비만(내장지방 비만)은 인슐린 저항성과 밀접한 관련이 있으며 임상에서는 대사증후군의 형태로 나타나고, 제2형 당뇨병과 심혈관질환의 주요 위험요인으로 알려져 있다. 유전적 요인, 운동부족, 섭취량 과다, 고지방 고단순당식 등이 주요 원인이며, 치료는 원인을 찾아 이를 해결하고 동반질환이나 위험요인을 치료하며 식사요법과 운동을 병행하여 체중을 줄이고 필요한 경우 약물을 사용하는 것이다.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.160-167
• /
• 2004

Objectives : There have been very few studies on the compliance of methylphenidate-immediate releasing form(MPH-IR), which is the most frequently used drug in Korea, in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD). This study was conducted to investigate the compliance rate and the related factors in the one year pharmacotherapy process via OPD for children with ADHD. Method : Total 100 ADHD patients were selected randomly among patients who have been treated with MPH-IR from September in 2002 to December in 2002. All the selected patients were diagnosed with DSM-IV-ADHD criteria and fulfilled the inclusion criteria. In March, 2003(at the time of 6 month treatment), all the patients and parents received the questionnaire for the compliance and satisfaction for MPH-IR treatment. In October 2003(at time of 1 year treatment), we, investigators evaluated the socio-demographic variables, developmental data, medical data, family data, comorbid disorders, treatment variables, and compliance rate. Through these very comprehensive data, The compliance rate at the time of mean 1 year treatment and the related factors were investigated. Result : 1) In the questionnaire for compliance and satisfaction for MPND treatment, the 60% of respondents(parents) reported more than moderate degree of satisfaction in the effectiveness of MPND. Their compliance rate for the morning prescription was 81%, but the rate of afternoon prescription was 43%. 2) In the evaluation at the time of 1 year treatment(October 2003), the 38% of parents were dropped out from the OPD treatment. The mean compliance rate for the 1 year treatment was 62%. the 38% of parents were dropped out from the OPD treatment. The mean compliance rate for the 1year treatment was 62%. 3) Compared with the noncompliant group(drop-out group), compliant group showed higher total, verbal and performance IQ scores. In the treatment variables, higher reposponder rate(clinician rating), higher medication dosage and more compliance rate in afternoon prescription were found in the compliant group compared with the noncompliant group. There were no statistical differences in the demographic variables(age, sex, SES, parental education level), medical data, developmental profiles and academic function. Conclusion : To our knowledge, this is the first report about the compliance rate of the MPH-IR treatment for the children with ADHD. The compliance rate at the time of mean 1year treatment was 62%, which was comparable with other studies performed in foreign countries, especially States. In this study, the compliance related factors were IQ score, clinical treatment response, dosage of MPH-IR, and early compliance for the afternoon prescription. These results suggest that clinician plan the strategies for the promotion of the early compliance for the after prescription and enhancement of overall treatment response.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.31 no.7
• /
• pp.1139-1150
• /
• 1998

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of the silkworm powder on blood levels of glucose, Hb Alc, insulin, and lipids. Thirty-one NIDDM patients from Kyung Hee Medical Center were divided into two groups : patients with silkworm powder supplements and drug treatments(Drug diabetes) and patients with silkworm powder supplement only(Non-drug diabetes). For the control group, age-matched subjects were recruited. During the 4 weeks of the experimental period, silkworm powder(500mg/mea1) was given to the subjects right after each meal. Nutritional assessments and dietary education were carried out periodically, and body weight and blood pressure were measured when patients visited the hospital. Overnight fasting and 2-h postprandial blood glucose levels were measured at 2 week intervals. The blood levels of insulin, Hb Alc, and lipids were measured before and after the supplements. The mean ages of the three groups were 56.7-59.6 years old. The height, weight, and BMI did not differ among the groups. The fasting blood glucose levels were 138.1$\pm$22.0mg/dl for the Drug treated diabetes group, 175.0$\pm$32.0mg/dl for the Non-drug diabetes group, and 108. 3$\pm$16.gmg/dl for the control group at the begining of the supplement. After 4-wks of supplements, the blood levels of glucose tended to decrease in all three experimental groups. Before the supplements, the 2-h postprandial blood glucose levels of the Drug diabetes, Non drug diabetes, and control groups were 244.7$\pm$62.6mg/dl, 272.4$\pm$40.1mg/dl, and 147.7$\pm$28.0mg/dl, respectively. After the supplement, the levels were 197.2$\pm$30.gmg/dl, 208.6$\pm$ 56.6mg/dl, and 151.3$\pm$30.3mg/dl, respectively. This shows that silkworm powder tended to lower blood levels by 19.4% and 23.4% in NIDDM patient groups. However, the changes in the blood levels of insulin, Hb Alc, ind lipids were not observed after the supplement. In conclusion, the present study has demonstrated that silkworm powder has a tendency to decrease 2-h postprandial blood glucose levels, but it should be used with caution in controlling the diabetes. (Korean J Nutrition 31(7) 1139-1150, 1998)

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.30-42
• /
• 2019

Objective : The purpose of this study is to analyze non-medication interventions for self-injurious behavior of individuals with autism spectrum disorders, using a systematic review, and to provide evidence of appropriate services for individuals with autism spectrum disorders with self-injury behaviors in the clinical practice of occupational therapy. Methods : Using the electronic databases PubMed, Medline (ProQuest), DBpia, RISS, KISS, and NDSL, we searched for articles published in Korean and international journals from December 2004 to November 2018. The main search term were "Autism OR Autism Spectrum Disorder AND Therapy OR Treatment Or Intervention AND Self Injurious Behavior." Qualitative analysis was performed, and the results are presented in the PICO format. Results : A total of 12 articles were selected. The quality of the evidence was highest in level IV and level V. Single studies with an experimental design were the most common. Behavior therapy was the most common type of intervention. The next most common interventions were behavioral therapy, brain stimulation and control, and sensory integration therapy with behavioral therapy. The self-injury behaviors of individuals autism spectrum disorders were decreased, and was statistically significant. Conclusion : This study investigated the use of non-medication interventions for children with autism spectrum disorders who showed self-injury behavior. Future research should use higher-level designs, and investigate differences between various non-medication interventions.