• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.961-966
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• 2011

This research was carried out to evaluate the value of tofu containing mushroom as a immunomodulator. Tofu was made using $CaSO_4{\cdot}2H_2O$ or Lactobacillus extract as a coagulant after adding powder of fruit bodies or mycelia of Letino edodes and Lepista nuda to soybean milk. Proximate compositions of tofu and tofu containing mushroom were analyzed. Levels of interferon ${\gamma}$ (IFN-${\gamma}$), interleukin 4 (IL-4) and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$) in culture media of lymphocytes collected from mouse spleens after being injected with mushroom, regular tofu, or tofu made with mushroom were measured by sandwich ELISA. In addition, concentrations of IgG1, IgG2a and IgE in plasma or lymphocyte culture media were analyzed. Crude protein, crude lipid and crude ash were decreased in tofu containing mushroom but phosphorus was increased significantly. IFN-${\gamma}$ concentration was significantly decreased in mice injected with fruit body or tofu alone. IL-4 level was decreased significantly in mice injected with tofu containing fruit body of L. edodes. However, TNF-${\alpha}$ was increased in mice injected with tofu containing fruit body of L. edodes. Plasma levels of IgG1 were increased in almost all groups, while there was no significant change in IgG2a levels among treated mice groups. Concentrations of IgG1 and IgG2a were increased significantly in lymphocyte culture media of mice injected with tofu containing mushroom. Plasma levels of IgE level was significantly increased in mice injected with tofu or fruit body of L. edodes, but not in mice treated with tofu containing mushroom. These results showed that tofu with mushroom affected immune activities, and it seems valuable to consider developing the mixture of tofu and L. edodes as an immunomodulator.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.37 no.9
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• pp.780-785
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• 2004

Recently many investigators have initiated searches for immunomodulating substances from natural food sources. Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) has been used as a raw material in many traditional preparations since the ancient time. This study was performed to investigate the immunomodulative effects of Zingiber officinale Roscoe in mice, using ex vivo experiments. In order to elucidate the immunomodulative effects of Ginger, water extracts of the plant were orally administrated into mice, and isolated splenocytes and macrophages were used as experimental model. In order to identify its ex vivo effect six to seven week old Balb/c mice were fed ad libitum on a chow diet and water extracts of ginger were orally administrated every other day for two weeks at two different concentrations (50 and 500 mg/kg b.w.). After preparing the single cell suspension, the proliferation of splenocytes was determined by MTT assay. The result of ex vivo study showed that the highest proliferation of splenocytes and macrophage activatation was seen in the mice orally administrated at the concentration of 500 mg/kg b. w. of ginger water extracts. In conclusion, this study suggests that ginger extracts nay enhance the immune function by regulating the splenocyte proliferation and cytokine prodution capacity by activated macrophages in mice.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.111-120
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• 1990

Effects of royal jelly(RJ) on the immune system in normal and cyclophosphamide(CY)-treated mice were investigated. The results were as following: 1. Body weight, spleen weight, thymus weight, WBC, cell-mediated immunity (CMI, contact hypersensitivity to DNFB), humoral immunity (HI, Hemagglutinin-, Hemolysin-titer) were increased or decreased dependent on the day of administration of RJ in normal mice. But it showed no effect on liver weight and RBC. 2. Combined treatment with RJ in CY-treated mice on the day which RJ showed the increasing activities in normal mice inhibited the decrease of survival rate, body weight, spleen weight, WBC and CMI caused by CY, but no effect on the decrease of thymus weight and HI induced by CY.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2008

Job's Tears(Yul-Moo) is a grass crop long-used as a traditional medicine; it is also a nourishing food. There are reports of its anti-inflammatory, stomachic, antiallergic activity, and antispastic effects and Job's Tears has been used in China to treat rheumatism, and neuralgia although its warts, rheumanism remains unclear. Thus, the present study was performed to investigate the in vitro effect of Job's Tears extracts on immune function. Here mouse splenocyte proliferation and cytokine production$(IL-1{\beta},\;IL-6,\;TNF-{\alpha})$ by peritoneal macrophages cultured with ethanol and water extracts of Job's Tears were examined. splenocytes proliferation increased with Job's Tears water extracts supplement at concentrations investigated The cytokine production$(IL-1{\beta},\;IL-6,\;TNF-{\alpha})$ by ELISA using a cytokine kit And $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ production increased water extracts supplementation. This in vitro study suggests that supplementation with Job's Tears water extracts may enhance immune function by regulating the splenocyte proliferation and enhancing cytokine production of activated macrophages.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.13-16
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• 1992

Avian infectious bronchitis virus(IBV) was propagated in SPF eggs and purified by sucrose density gradient centrifugation in order to prepare the antigen. Several fusions were made between mouse myeloma cells and spleen cells from BALB/c mouse immunized with IBV antigen and two hybridoma clones producing specific monoclonal antibody(MCA) against the IBV were established. The MCAs were classified as IgG type and revealed no neutralizing and hemagglutination inhibition activity. Using the MCA IBV antigen was detected by IFA method in tracheal smears made from chickens infected with IBV during the experimental period of 10 days.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.143-147
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• 2013

Ginsenoside Rp1 is one of ginseng saponins with chemotherapeutic activity. In this study, we investigated the effects of Rp1 on spleen cells. Spleen is a major immune organ consisted of crucial immune cells, such as T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, natural killer cells, and some antigen-presenting cells. Although the anti-tumor potential of Rp1 was studied, the effects of Rp1 on immune cells have not investigated yet. A viability assay using 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), flow cytometric analysis, Western blot analysis were used to detect cellular changes on Rp1-treated spleen cells. MTT assay showed that Rp1 decreased the viability of spleen cells. To further investigate the effects of Rp1 on activated spleen cells, we treated lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as a representative inflammatory agent and Rp1 on spleen cells in a combination. The surface expression levels of activation markers for lymphocytes, CD25 and CD69 were measured. Apoptotic analysis revealed the cytotoxic effects of Rp1 on both na$\ddot{i}$ve and activated cells, and the expression pattern of some apoptosis-related proteins was correlated to apoptotic events of cells. Taken together, ginsenoside Rp1 increases the cellular death of spleen cells and also inhibits the LPS-induced activation of spleen cells.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.1385-1391
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• 2009

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of the extracts of Glycyrrhiza uralensis (GE) and the combined extracts of Glycine max Merr. and Glycyrrhiza uralensis (GGE) on the activity of murine splenocytes and macrophages. GE and GGE were administered orally twice a day for 7 days at the dose of 500 mg/kg. GE decreased the viability of T- and B-lymphocytes in splenocytes, but GGE increased the viability of B-lymphocytes in splenocytes. GE increased the population of B-lymphocytes in splenocytes, but decreased the population of T-lymphocytes and splenic $CD4^+$ cells. Also, GGE decreased the population of B-lymphocytes in splenocytes, but increased the population of T-lymphocytes and splenic $CD4^+$ cells. Furthermore, GE and GGE enhanced the phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages and the production of nitric oxide. These results suggest that the regulative action of immune response of GGE is more potent than their of GE.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.1217-1222
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• 2006

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of the administration of Juglandis Semen without inner cortex (JE) or with inner cortex (JEIC) on activity of splenocytes and peritoneal macrophages in BALB/C mice. JE (300 mg/kg, p.o.) did not affect the cell viability of T- and B-lymphocytes in murine splenocytes, but JEIC (300mg/kg, p.o.) increased the cell viability of T- and B-lymphocytes. Furthermore, JE decreased the population of B220$^+$ cells in splenocytes, but JEIC enhanced the population of Thyl$^+$ cells. Also, JEIC enhanced the population of splenic CD4$^+$ cells. JE decreased the production of nitric oxide and the phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages, but JEIC increased the production of nitric oxide and the phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages. These results suggest that JEIC is more potent than JE against the immune response induced by splenocytes and macrophages.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.65-70
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• 2011

This study was performed to investigate the in vitro effect of a corn water extract on immune function. Splenocyte proliferation was determined by the MTT(3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl terazolium bromide) assay after preparing asingle cell suspension. Production of macrophage-secreted interleukin(IL)-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, and interferon(IFN)-${\gamma}$, was detected by ELISA using a cytokine assay kit. After a 48-hr incubation with mitogens(ConA or lipopolysaccharide), mice splenocyte proliferation increased with the addition of a corn water extract supplement at 10, 50, 100, 250, 500, or $1,000\;{\mu}g/m\ell$. Production of IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, and IFN-${\gamma}$ increased in treatments supplemented with the corn water extract. In an in vitro study, splenocyte proliferation increased when $50\sim1,000\;{\mu}\ell/m\ell$ corn water extract was added. In an ex vivo experiment, the highest production of cytokines by activated peritoneal macrophages was observed in mice orally administered 500 mg/kg body weight/day.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.18-24
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• 2016

We investigated 23 lactic acid bacteria isolated from Korean breast milk-fed infant in order to select strains which show superior anti-allergic effect. The candidates were cultivated and then we obtained dried powders of tyndallized cells and supernatant concentrate separately. Screening was carried out with down-regulation of interleukin (IL) 4 and up-regulation of IFN-${\gamma}$ in mouse splenocytes. As a result of the screening, we selected Lactobacillus rhamnosus IDCC 3201 (RH3201) for oral feeding to ovalbumin-sensitized BALB/c mice. Oral administration of RH3201 as dead cell bodies and supernatant concentrate suppressed hyper-production of serum immunoglobulin (Ig) E levels compared to vehicle group. Such anti-allergic effects were achieved by improvement of the balance between cytokines produced from type-1 helper T (Th1) and type-2 helper T (Th2) lymphocytes. Therefore, RH3201 has potential to improve atopic symptoms by immunomodulatory effect.