• Archives of design research
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• v.20 no.1 s.69
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• pp.55-64
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• 2007

Non-verbal communications are important because they support and replace verbal communication. Body language of various non-verbal communications is the communication using the body. In animation, expression of body language is very important because characters play an important role in communicating the scenario. Animation has a dual communication structure, different from general communication. One is the communication between the speaker character and the hearer character, the other is the image and the audience, which includes the communication between the speaker character and the hearer character. In this study, we divide the body language from the characters into the discourse-in act and discourse-out act according to this dual structure and classify it into adaptors, emblem, illustrator, regulator, affect display by a functional approach method. Especially, the illustrator is subdivided into pragmatic speech act. Finally, this study analyzes the features of body language in animation and represents animation character's body language for an effective expression of the communications in animation.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.650-660
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• 2017

This study is to suggest a new method of analyzing personality types of characters in narrative. First, we examined the history of the taxonomy of character types that existed in narrative theories so far. Until now, the classification of character types in narrative theory consisted largely of a formal classification based on roles in narrative, a content classification based on human internal qualities, and a complementary classification in which the two classification criteria are united. The problem with the existing character classification type is difficult to categorize it in spite of the usefulness of the content classification based on human internal qualities. On the other hand, the classification based on the role of the character in the narrative does not help as much as a practical analysis methodology because the classification is formal. In this study, we try to solve this problem by introducing Shalom Schwartz's human value type, and to make human character's value type and human role correlated with each other as a new character analysis methodology. Schwartz's study of value type is a very effective method to grasp the motivation of human behavior, and it seems to be very meaningful in analyzing the directivity of characters.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.427-433
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• 2021

With the support of the government and public institutions, local government characters achieved a lot of quantitative growth. However, there are very few successful cases such as strengthening local identity and revitalizing the local economy using characters. This paper presents a transmedia storytelling strategy as a way to solve the problem of local government characters. To do so, I identify the problems of the current local government characters, and analyze the preceding studies on the features and components of transmedia contents, and the principles of transmedia storytelling, to develop strategies and yielded the expected effect. The transmedia strategy of local government characters consists of a total of three stages. In the first step, the local identity is established through the development of a unique story to the region. The second step, improve attractivity by renewing character design for various individual media platforms. And lastly the third step, enhance usability by expanding interactivity based on communication and participation of development actors and the public. This paper is meaningful in that it derives a transmedia storytelling strategy from the perspective of brand marketing as a way to revitalize local government characters. Based on the conclusions drawn from this study, a follow-up study is needed to apply it to specific cases of local government characters.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TE
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.31-38
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• 2005

This paper proposes an implementation method of intelligent characters that can properly adapt to action patterns of opponent characters in fighting games by using genetic algorithm. For this intelligent characters, past actions patterns of opponent characters should be included in the learning process. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, two types of experiments are performed and their results are compared. In first experiment(exp-1), intelligent characters consider current action and its step of an opponent character. In second experiment (exp-2), on the other hands, they take past actions of an opponent characters into account additionally. As a performance index, the ratio of score obtained by an intelligent character to that of an opponent character is adopted. Experimental results shows that even if the performance index of exp-1 is better than that of exp-2 at the beginning of stages, but the performance index of exp-2 outperforms that of exp-1 as stages go on. Moreover, optimum solutions are always found in all experimental cases in exp-2. Futhermore, intelligent characters in exp-2 could learn moving actions (forward and backward) and waiting actions for getting more scores through self evolution.

• Archives of design research
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• v.19 no.5 s.67
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• pp.85-94
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• 2006

In the 2000s, character animation technique is used at domestic TV character animation ads of diverse items displaying new character patterns and expression techniques of a high level. This study intends to identify the characteristics of TV character animation ads based ell character aesthetic theory and advertising rhetoric theory, and based on these findings, analyze trend and stream of expression in TV character animation ads by examining and classifying advertisements released in the past four years by items, character patterns and expression techniques. The results showed that TV character animation ads have been concentrated on confectionery, beverages and foods in the past, but the items have been diversified through the years. With reference to character patterns, personal and animal characters had made the main pattern, but recently product, virtual and composite characters are on the increase. In expression techniques, cell animation technique was found to be the most frequently used technique, which was followed by full-3D, cell and live action, cell and 3D and the clay animation technique. A trend like this suggests that TV character animation advertising items will continue to increase in line with the participation level of targets. In the meantime, personal and animal characters will continue to make the leading character pattern, while virtual and composite character patterns emerge in new forms. In expression techniques, live action combined with 30 technique and techniques using new expression materials will appear with cell animation technique as a central figure. As a whole, Korean character animation advertisement is expected to keep on growing to a new dimension in the aspect of items, character patterns and expression technique.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.749-772
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• 2022

This study aimed at investigating the validity of WHR (or waist-to-hip ratio) and Golden ratio as standards of physical attractiveness. Each of 60 male and 60 female college students were divided into two groups of 30. Using the 3D game program, each person in one group drew a physically attractive figure of the opposite sex while the other group drew a physically attractive figure of the same sex. Then, WHR and Golden ratio of the figures were measured and compared with the ideal WHR (.7 for women and .9 for men) and Golden ratio 1.618. It was found that WHR and Golden ratio for the physically attractive figures were lower than the ideal standards regardless of the participant's gender. That is, the participants preferred to men and women having curvaceous body shapes with a narrow waist and a wide pelvis. In most cases, Golden ratios measured in many ways were not correspondent to the ideal ratio, 1.618. In regards to BR (or Body Ratio), the legs and waist of the physically attractive figures were shorter relative to the Golden ratio and this was more salient for physically attractive man figures. Regarding the facial ratio measured by FR(or facial ratio) and FR_VP(or facial ratio_vertical point), the faces of figures made by participants, regardless of their sex, were shorter and wider compared to the Golden ratio. Further, the participants preferred baby-faced woman and masculine man figures. Finally, implications of the findings, limitations the of the present study, and the suggestions for future research were discussed.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.15
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• pp.179-192
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• 2009

This study investigates the effects of empathy responses towards animated spokes-characters in advertising on brand likability. This study also examines the mediating role of cognitive and affective responses towards character advertising in the effect process of empathy. Statistically, several significant results are found. First, empathy has positive effects on cognitive responses and affective responses. Second, both cognitive and affective responses have positive influence on brand likability, but the effects of cognitive responses show relatively weaker than those of affective responses. Third, empathy has a positive influence on brand likability mediated by cognitive responses, but affective responses as a mediator do not show statistically significant differences. The results of this study indicate consumers can have emotional responses to advertising characters just as they do to human information sources. And the results also imply that enhancement of the empathy intensity should be considered to make effective animated characters in advertising, and that advertising appeals should be practiced to form cognitive responses positively and strongly to strengthen consumers' empathy responses.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.278-281
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• 2006

In the Contents industry, especially in the field of game contents the area receiving the most spotlight is 3D. With qualitative and quantitative developments in games continue, interest in 3D is becoming more significant. As a result studies and actual application in the area of 3D in the game industry are being most actively conducted. It is true that 3D game characters do not have the same level of natural movement compared to the previous 2D characters. In order to overcome the limitations of movement control of the Key frame method, the method that is currently being rapidly developed is a movement control method using motion capture system. In this study, the focus is placed in production of natural character animation through movement control through linkage of 3D game characters and motion capture system. Hence, production of natural 3D game character animation through a single central action was established as the purpose of this study.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.165-175
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• 2008

With the beginning of the 21st century, the rapid change of the environment of education makes the universities eager to develop a new image of themselves (i.e. image marketing). Character, one of the image marketing items, plays an important role for improving the image of universities by connecting the inner members more firmly, preserving the tradition of the university and being used as an advertising instrument. Considering these important roles, universities are focusing on designing character in order to express their identity and image efficiently. In this study, I surveyed the characters of universities and examined that these characters are reflecting the image of their universities, working on unity and harmony of the members and establishing the identity of each university properly. At the same time, I analyzed the relation between characters and symbols of universities. I expect that familiar and identified characters can be an essential element in improving the image of universities by giving visual advertising effects and informing the image of universities distinctively.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.6 no.8
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• pp.165-174
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• 2006

Birdwhistell explains in the whole communication, language conveys only 35% of the meaning and the rest 65% is conveyed by non-linguistic media. Humans do not entirely depend on linguistic communication, but are sensitive being, using every sense of theirs. Human communication, by using facial expression, gesture as well as language, is able to convey more concrete meaning. Especially, facial expression is a many-sided message system, which delivers Individual Personality, interest, information about response and emotional status, and can be said as powerful communication tool. Though being able to be changed according to various expressive techniques and degree and quality of expression, the symbolic sign of facial expression is characterized by generalized qualify. Animation characters, as roles in story, have vitality by emotional expression of which mental world and psychological status can reveal and read naturally on their actions or facial expressions.