• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.9-14
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• 2004

The system combined layered space-time processing and space-time trellis codes (STTC) provide high transmission rate as well as diversity and coding gain without bandwidth expansion. In this paper, two layered receiver structures are proposed. One is the LSTT-MMSE in which received bit streams are decoupled by interference nulling and then decoded by separate STTC decoders. The decoded outputs are cancelled from the received signal before advancing to the next layer detection. The other is LSTT-Whitening employing whitening rather than nulling. The receiver employing whitening process shows several advantages on diversity gain and the required number of receive antennas compare to the convolutional coded space-time processing. The proposed receivers use different decoding order scheme according to each interference suwression. The (4, 3) LSTT-Whitening receiver still achieves 1㏈ gain over the (4, 4) LSTT-MMSE and the (4, 4) coded layered space-time processing.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.1-18
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• 2015

Mathematics education emphasizes on nurturing number sense, but researches on this have been scarce, and most of them has been confined to elementary level students. This thesis, therefore, tried to analyze how elementary students solve mathematics sense problems in order to give some insight into how to teach number sense. For this, this thesis categorized into two ways of using number sense and algorithm as problem solving, and analyzed students' responses using test sheets. Accordingly, middle school students showed higher score on the number sense test and higher rates of using number sense than elementary students. In addition, students showing higher achievement used both number sense and algorithm, but those of lower achievement were more likely to use only algorithm. Plus, among students showing higher achievement, middle school students used more number sense than elementary school students, but there was not meaningful difference among those showing lower achievement. Lastly, It was shown that there was difference in the rate using number sense according to the number sense components.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.555-562
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• 2004

본 연구는 목저은 다음과 같다: 1) 돼지에서 150-kDa temary insulin-like growth faetor(IGF)complex의 한 구성 요소인 acid-labile subunit(ALS) 유전자 intron의 존재 확인. cloning 및 돼지 ALS(porcine ALS; pALS) complementary DNA(cDNA)의 3' 비해독(untranslated) 부위(3' UT) 증폭. cloning, 2) intron-spanning primer pair를 이용한 reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) 방법에 의한 돼지 조직에서의 ALS 유전자 발현 분포 확인 및 3) 돼지 hepatocyte에서의 ALS 유전자 발현 여부 확인. 돼지 genomic DNA를 template로 하여 PCR 방법으로 예상된는 intron 부위를 증폭하고 plasmid vector에 삽입하여 염기서열을 결정한 결과 타 종의 ALS 유전자에서와 같은 위치에 1,371-base pair(bp)의 pALS intron이 존재함을 확인하였다. 역시 본 연구에서 간에서 추출한 RNA를 주형으로 시작하여 3' rapid amplification of cDNA end(3' RACE) 방법으로 147-bp의 3'UT를 합성하고 그 염기성열을 결정하였다. RT-PCR 결과 간은 물론 조사된 모든 돼지의 내장기관(신장, 폐, 비장)과 자성 생식기관(난소, 난관, 자궁) 및 골격근육에서 ALS 유전자가 발현됨이 밝혀졌다. 또한 돼지 간 조직에 대한 in-situ hybridization 결과 hepatocyte에서 ALS 유전자가 발현됨이 확인되었다. 이상의 결과는 ALS가 혈중 IGF의 저정/조절체로서의 주기능 외에 모세혈관 밖에서도 미지의 기능이 있을 기능성을 시사한다.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.178-182
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• 2002

This study was conducted to estimate the status of heavy metal contamination in agricultural products (n = 280), soils (n = 280), and irrigation waters (n = 48) in abandoned mines & normal farm lands (n = 8). The samples were digested with acids, then analyzed fur the contents of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), arsenic (As) and chrome (Cr) by an inductively coupled plasma spectrometer (ICP) and graphite- atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The contents of Hg were determined using a mercury analyzer. Abandoned mines had soils with higher contents of heavy metals except Cr and irrigation waters with higher heavy metals except Hg, compared to those of normal farmlands. The contents of heavy metals in agriculture products varied depending types of products. Agricultural products in abandoned mines generally showed with higher contents of heavy metals except Cu, compared to those of normal farmlands. There was no significant relationship in heavy metal contents between agricultural products and soils (p > 0.05). It is suggested that heavy metals of agricultural products and soils in abandoned mines should be continuously monitored.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.156-163
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• 2020

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to report the effects of Mahaengeuigam-tang and Trichloroacetic acid(TCA) on hand warts. Exfoliation, such as TCA is a method developed from traditional medicine and used to treat hyperkeratosis skin in this patient. Methods : A patient with Verruca Vulgaris was treated with herbal medicine, including Mahaengeuigam-tang and application of TCA on wart lesions. Changes in lesions were evaluated by photographs. Results : After 3 months of treatment, The patient's lesions showed complete clearance. There are no adverse effects and no relapse of Verruca Vulgaris after 57 days of last treatment. Conclusions : According to the result, Mahaengeuigam-tang and External treatment such as TCA developed from traditional medicine can be effective for Verruca Vulgaris.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.221-243
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• 2003

Sudden sensorineural hearing loss may be defined as a severe loss of hearing occurring within a short space of time without any obvious cause. Its etiology is not verified yet, treatment and prognosis are uncertain. Objectives: We reviewed 6 cases of patients who hospitalized in Kyunghee Oriental Medical Center Dept. of Otolaryngology. Using the criteria of Siegel and Research Team of the Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare of Japan, We are to evaluate the effect of Herb medication, Acupuncture therapy, and Negative therapy. We also attempted to search effective methods of therapy of sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Methods: We treated them with Oyaksunki-san(烏藥順氣散) for softening qi-stagnation and supressing 'Wind'(順氣治風), Chungsimjihwang-tang(淸心地黃湯) for strengthening 'Heart' and 'Kidney'(補心益腎), Boikyangwi-tang(補益養胃湯) for strengthening 'Wi-qi' and 'Stomach'(補衛(胃)氣). We also used acupuncture therapy and negative therapy based on the textbook of Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Results: One patient recovered completely after 5 days therapy, two patient markedly, another two patient slightly and one patient had no improvement. Conclusions: To treat sudden hearing loss, we can use Oyaksunki-san(烏藥順氣散) in the early stage of the disease. We can treat with Chungsimjihwang-tang(淸心地黃湯) and Boikyangwi-tang(補益養胃湯) in the late period of the disease, and administer Jaeumgenby-tang(滋蔭健脾湯) for suppressing tinnitus. If there is evidence of viral infection and the patient have too severe hearing loss, We can also use steroid in combination with Herb medication in the early stage of the disease. The Western medicine demonstrated that the start time of treatment had influence on recovery. If we started Oriental medical treatment within a week from the onset of sudden deafness. we will obtain the desired results. As the Western medical treatment does, Oriental medical therapy may have no effect after one month from onset of the disease.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.207-213
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• 2010

In this study, we evaluated antioxidative effects and skin whitening effects of extract of Caragana sinica fermented by S. cerevisiae KCTC 7913. At first, Caragana sinica was fermented via inoculation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae KCTC 7913 and then extracted for fermented C. sinica. It has shown that more increased of melanogenesis inhibition activity in a dose-dependent manner on B16F10 melanoma cells and elevated the amount of resveratrol contents by HPLC analysis than non-fermented. Furthermore, the extract of fermented C. sinica was inhibitory effects against tyrosinase, a key enzyme of melanogenesis pathway, more than non-fermented C. sinica extract. And it did not show the skin irritation. Therefore, fermented C. sinica extracts might be used as safe cosmetic ingredients.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.154-159
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• 1998

This experiment was carried out to define the effects of application amounts of the chemical fertilizers on plant growth and yield of the ginger. The results obtained are summarized as follows. Plant height of the ginger was 45.3 cm at lower level of fertilizer, 52.6 cm at recommended level, and 49.4 cm at higher level. Leaf area, stem number, and stem diameter were more significantly increased at higher level of fertilization compared to recommended rate. Dry weight of shoots and rhizomes were significantly increased with the increase of fertilization level. Stem number, stem diameter, leaf area, dry weight of shoots, and fresh weight of rhizomes were positively correlated with the amounts of fertilizer applied. Yield of rhizomes were 1, 653 kg at lower level of fertilizer, 2,248 kg at recommended level and 2,428 kg at higher level, respectively. Ginger yield showed 7.4% higher at higher level of fertilization compared to recommended rate.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.133-144
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• 2020

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to report the effect of Korean medicine treatment on limitation of eye movement in Miller-Fisher Syndrome. Methods : A patient was treated with herbal medicines, acupuncture(including electropuncture, phamacopuncture), Moxibustion and cupping therapy. To evaluate the result of this treatment, we used photographs of eye movement, Scott and Kraft score of both eye, length of eyeball movement and visual analogue scale(VAS) for subjective symptoms. Results : After treatment, the limitation of eye movement and diplopia were remarkably improved. Also, other symptoms such as dizziness, gait disturbance, facial nerve disorder were disappeared. Conclusions : This study suggests that Korean medicine treatments are effective for patient with limitation of eye movement in Miller-Fisher Syndrome.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.66-77
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• 2014

UTIS(Urban Traffic Information System) directly collects link travel time in urban area by using probe vehicles. Therefore it can estimate more accurate link travel speed compared to other traffic detection systems. However, UTIS includes some missing data caused by the lack of probe vehicles and RSEs on road network, system failures, and other factors. In this study, we suggest a new model, based on k-NN algorithm, for imputing missing data to provide more accurate travel time information. New imputation model is an adaptive k-NN which can flexibly adjust the number of nearest neighbors(NN) depending on the distribution of candidate objects. The evaluation result indicates that the new model successfully imputed missing speed data and significantly reduced the imputation error as compared with other models(ARIMA and etc). We have a plan to use the new imputation model improving traffic information service by applying UTIS Central Traffic Information Center.