• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.63 no.4
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• pp.277-299
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• 2011

The current study analyzed the tax structure in the welfare states. The appropriate tax structure of universal welfare state should be based on expanding all taxes, rather than choosing between direct and indirect, progressive and regressive, or mobile and immobile tax. The revenue for the universal welfare payment should be raised by levying tax on all people provided that the welfare payment is made available to all people. The analysis led to classification of tax structure into the high tax European model and the low tax English and East Asian model. The high tax European model was further classified into the balance tax model and the high social security model. The low tax English and East Asian model was classified into the low social security model and the high property tax model. Based on the results, the study maintained that the universal welfare states need not only to expand welfare resources but to develop tax system that corresponds to the universal welfare system.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.11 no.2 s.40
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• pp.83-92
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• 2006

This paper describes an image disparity estimation method using region-based stereo matching. Region-based disparity estimation yields a disparity map as the unit of segmented region. However it estimates disparity imprecisely because it not only has matching errors but also applies an identical way to disparity estimation, which does not consider each type of matched regions. To solve this problem, we proposes a disparity estimation method which considers the type of matched regions. That is, the proposed method classifies whole matched regions into a similar-matched region, a dissimilar-matched region, a false-matched region and a miss-matched region. We then performs proper disparity estimation for each type of matched regions. This method minimizes the error in estimating disparity which is caused by inaccurate matching and also improves the accuracy of disparity of the well-matched regions. The experimental results show the improved accuracy of the proposed method.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.805-822
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to explore the patterns of group model development about blood flow in the heart and reasoning process by small group interaction. The subjects were 14, 8th graders in a Science Gifted Center. The group discussion was made possible by using triggering questions that can be answered based on experiences of hands-on activities such as a siphon pump analogy model activity and a dissection of pigs' hearts. Despite participating in same activities, the groups showed different model development patterns: unchanged, persuasive, and elaborated. Due to the critical revising, the group's explanatory model was elaborated and developed in the added and elaborated pattern. As critical revising is a core element of the developing model, it is important to promote a group interaction so that students become critical and receptive. The pedagogical analogy model and conflict situation enabled students to present elaborated reasoning. The Inquiry activity with the pedagogical analogy model promote students' spontaneous reasoning in relation to direct experience. Therefore offering a pedagogical analogy model will help students evaluate, revise and develop their models of concerned phenomena in science classroom. Conflict situation by rebuttal enable students to justify more solid and elaborate a model close to the target model. Therefore, teachers need to facilitate a group atmosphere for spontaneous conflict situation.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.168-178
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• 2015

This article analysis the aesthetics of metal-body of (1989) and its metamorphosis of dehumanization through visual desires expressed by body images. This paper suggests theoretical analysis based on aesthetic views to understand the underlying meanings. The research categorizes three types of images; surreal image, grotesque image and eros image from the metamorphosis of dehumanization and transformation throughout the film. As the surreal image, the metamorphic process of transformation, demolition, derangement, illusion, and human desire continues to reflect the evil side of a human in everyday life. It also visualizes the images of exaggeration through weakness and bizarre side of metal-body. The grotesque image of body metamorphosis displays and symbolizes double-sides of bizarre and weak side of human in the everyday environment when malformation reaches its peak when Tetsuo finally shows his transforming figure. Finally, the eros image is analogized as a man's inner self and self-destruction in surreal world and a grotesque figure when overwhelming desire of transforming into rebirth of a perfect metal-body, Tetsuo. The surreal image, grotesque image, and eros image portraits human desires inner and outer-self into visualized image and that represents the means of excessive desire for dreaming of world domination with merging non-organic medium of metal and organic body to create a perfect body-image.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.93-112
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• 2014

To study the business performance, this research reviewed the revenue of 2012 for shipping and logistics companies in Korea, then selected 10 shipping companies and 10 logistics companies according to annual sales amount. These 20 companies are divided into four groups considering their business structure and their financial performance are organized from 2005 to 2012. Then CCR, BCC model has been applied to static efficiency and dynamic changes in productivity for analysis. As an overall result, logistics companies are proven to be better than shipping company in efficiency, change of productivity, growth and profitability. Among the logistics companies, the performance of second party logistics companies are relatively better in those factor above than the third party logistics companies.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.473-488
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• 2023

Gangwon-do is one of Korea's most popular tourist destinations, with varying tourism demands and trends across its subregions. It is crucial to identify the characteristics of tourism in each area and compare the tourism patterns over time to devise policies that revitalize tourism in each local government and promote balanced development across regions. In this paper, we classify the regions in Gangwon-do based on tourism data from the last four years and analyze the tourism pattern of each region using the non-Euclidean additive model proposed by Jeon et al. (2021). The model incorporates the proportions of visitors by age groups and the proportions of navigation searches by destination types as two covariates, and the proportions of tourism expenditure types as a response variable. We estimate the model using the smooth-backfitting method and coordinate-wise bandwidth selection. The results are visualized in ternary plots, and changes in tourism patterns over time are analyzed by comparing the ratios of prediction errors to fitting errors.

• Archives of design research
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.171-178
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• 2003

The visual, sensible and social situation that the modern digital technologies create became the background for the works of architects in extreme modernism and their space modeling suggested another possibility that was emancipated from the restriction of a property of matter and gravity in the existing space. The architecture design process using the digital technology has been attempted in diverse ways and summarized with several characteristics such as displacement, nonlinear space, flexibility of space and non-Euclidean geometry system. However, the conceptual and very technical design process that is called as digital architecture has been indiscriminately used with mixed meanings and the common features and differences between works and theories are not studied. This study aims to classify and identify the digital architecture by type as analyzing the non-linear composition process that is common in the digital architecture.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.207-225
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• 2010

Terms collected from theological dictionaries in English and the Scripture are used in order to construct conceptual relationships of theological thesaurus. Using the terms, equivalence relationships, hierarchical relationships, and associative relationships as the basic relationships in thesaurus are constructed. In equivalence relationships, Hebrew, Greek, and Latin terms are included as descriptors and in hierarchical relationships, generic, instance, whole-part, and polyhierarchical relationships are constructed. Also, there is no big difference in the kinds of conceptual relationships between this theological thesaurus and the thesauri of other subjects. Examples of Biblical Theology are showed. Because Biblical Theology has a strong point to view the Scripture and Protestantism on comprehensive perspective. In this context, one of the main feature in the theological thesaurus is that there are a lot of the allegorical terms. Typology, which is the core structure causes this result.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.1054-1063
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• 2015

This study is to verify the effect of similarity of expanded-product, brand concepts of parent-brands and implicit theory of customers on the brand-extension evaluation, in order to reduce the risk of brand extension. First, this research documents how the similarity between the parent-brands and expanded-products affect brand-extension evaluations as a main effect variable. Second, this study examines the moderating effect of the brand concepts of parent-brands on the brand-extension evaluation. Third, this research documents how implicit theories regarding personality affect consumer evaluations about the brand-extension. The study assumes and tests that consumers in the group of incremental theorists are more accepting of brand-extensions than consumers in the group of entity theorists. The result figures out the implicit theory customers has some moderating effect on the evaluations, yet the direction of the effects is contrary to expectations.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.15
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• pp.251-265
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• 2009

Motion Graphics are a great effective vehicle for precise communication between customers in various media and formats. The important thing in the expression of Motion Graphics is to deliver messages clearly. Some current Motion Graphics which are focused on only attracting attention or sensational expressions more than narrative are evaluated lower. This study aims to utilize easy and positive Motion Graphics to deliver messages by applying their utility to production of Motion Graphics, omitting time spent on delivering effective messages and analyzing their suggestive expression methods because of the nature of producing Motion Graphics. This thesis is to study several theoretical backgrounds of omission and implicated expressions mentioned in the similar studies from the view of Motion Graphics, and to search applied examples and functional things using the expression methods in some film title sequence. Excellent Motion Graphics use planned omission and implicated methods rather than to use entire narratives or complicated descriptions. Especially, a film title sequence should focus on symbolic visual expressions. They are necessary to attract the audience's interest. To overcome the limitation of time and space deliver a huge amount of information quickly and powerfully, Motion Graphics should properly use omission of image and time and suggestive expressions through symbols and metaphors. Then they will have a role to level up their current values and discussions.