• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
• /
• v.1 no.1 s.1
• /
• pp.63-71
• /
• 2000

The paper considers two non-deterministic methods of analysing the risk exposure in a cost estimate The fist method(referred to as the 'conventional statistical' method) analyses cost data directly, to describe a probability distribution for total cost. The second method(referred to as the 'Monte Carlo simulation' method) interprets cost data directly, to generate a probability distribution for total costs from the descriptions of elemental cost distribution. The common practice of allowing for risk through an all-embracing contingency sum or percentage addition is challenged. Rather than excluding conventional, non-deterministic methods, they are here presented as possibly the only of effective foundation on which to risk management in cost estimating.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 1997.07c
• /
• pp.1071-1073
• /
• 1997

최근 유연송전시스템에 대한 연구가 각광받고 있는데, 이 새로운 시스템이 연구의 대상에서 활용의 대상으로 변화하기 위해서는 그 경제적 이점을 검증받아야 한다. 유연송전시스템의 경제성은 이를 설치하는 데 들어가는 투자비용과 사용하는 데 들어가는 운전비용의 크기를 기존의 송전방식의 비용과 단위용량당 비교를 함으로써 알아 볼 수 있다. 이 새로운 송전방식은 송전설비의 송전용량을 증대시킬 것으로 예상되기는 하지만 단위 용량당 비용면에서 경제성이 확보될 것인지, 또 커다란 초기투자비용이 투자되기때문에 과연 경제성이 확보될 것인지는 불투명하므로 이 논문에서 초기용량의 크기, 적정용량 도달기간, 초기투자비용과 설비의 운전비용의 계산하는 모형을 개발하여 유연송전시스템의 경제성을 평가해보았다.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.271-282
• /
• 2015

External cost is cost imposed on a third party when producing or consuming a good or service. Since the 1990s, the external costs of nuclear powered electricity production have been studied. Costs are a very important factor in policy decision and the external cost is considered for cost comparison on electricity production. As for nuclear fuel cycle, a chosen technology will determine the external cost. However, there has been little research on this issue. For this study, methods for external cost on nuclear power production have been surveyed and analyzed to develop an approach for evaluating external cost on nuclear fuel cycles. Before the Fukushima accident, external cost research had focused on damage costs during normal operation of a fuel cycle. However, accident cost becomes a major concern after the accident. Various considerations for external cost including accident cost have been used to different studies, and different methods have been applied corresponding to the considerations. In this study, the results of the evaluation were compared and analyzed to identify methodological applicability to the external cost estimation with nuclear fuel cycles.

• Proceedings of the Korean Radioactive Waste Society Conference
• /
• 2005.11a
• /
• pp.25-31
• /
• 2005

The decommissioning cost estimation is the very essential procedure to establish the decommissioning plans for Nuclear Research Facilities. The cost estimation must be made in accordance with activity phase and facility installations. This paper shows how to configuring the cost items and identifying the effecting cost factors. In the end, these methods will be utilized as a tool and technique to develop the methodology of cost estimation and calculation program.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
• /
• v.1 no.2
• /
• pp.87-98
• /
• 2012

In recent years, there are many data and multimedia services that are supported by WiFi-enabled mobile devices. As a result, the demand for the ability to connect to the Internet anywhere is rapidly increasing and network infrastructure is becoming increasingly important. The design of cost-efficient network mobility (NEMO) protocol is intended to reduce the demand for limited wired/wireless network bandwidth at the signaling of mobility support and packet delivery operations. In this paper, we propose a cost-effective inter-LMA domain mobility management scheme which provides fast handover with multicasting support in NEMO environments. And our Fast PR-NEMO scheme is compared with N-PMIPv6, rNEMO, and PR-NEMO. In conclusion, our proposed scheme shows the best performance in terms of location updating cost, and packet tunneling cost.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
• /
• v.25 no.6
• /
• pp.141-157
• /
• 2007

This paper evaluates the effects of privatization and deregulation on the firm-specific efficiency and total factor productivity (TFP) growth in the Korean and Japanese railways. Using a stochastic frontier approach and a generalized translog functional form, the paper specifies the equation system consisting of a multiproduct variable cost function and input share equations which is estimated with Zellner's iterative seemingly unrelated regression and the corrected least squares method. The Korean and Japanese railway firms are assumed to produce three outputs (Shinkansen passenger-kilometers, incumbent railway passenger-kilometers, ton-kilometers of freight) using three input factors (labor, fuel, maintenance and rolling stock). A monetary value of the ways and fixed installations held by the railroad firm is also included as a quasi-fixed input. The empirical results indicate that the average estimate of cost inefficiency is 2.57% for the total sample and on the average, JNR and JR Kyushu are found to be worst efficient while the most efficient railway firm in the sample is JR West. Also the cost efficiency levels of seven JRs have been improved after the reform and privatization of JNR. The findings also indicate that TFP growth of the privately-owned JRs are higher than those of the government-owned KNR and JNR. Three-island JRs and JR Freight have slightly higher TFP growth than Honshu JRs as well. Thus, the results suggest that managerial autonomy and increased competition via deregulation have improved efficiency and TFP growth.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2015.05a
• /
• pp.119-119
• /
• 2015

스마트워터그리드의 목적은 기존 용수부족 문제의 근본적인 해결을 위해 새로운 취수원을 개발하고, 지역 내의 수자원을 효율적으로 활용하는 방안을 강구하는 시스템을 구축하는데 있다. 따라서 운영비용을 최소화하면서 수요처에 적정한 수량과 수질의 용수를 공급할 수 있도록 해야한다. 스마트워터그리드 구축 시 설비 비용에 대한 부담으로 보급 확산에 어려움을 겪을 가능성이 높으므로, 비용 효과적(Cost-effective)인 측면에서 스마트워터그리드의 경제성을 검토할 필요성이 있다. 본 연구에서는 자료의 한계로 인해 기존의 다중수원에 대한 경제성분석 사례를 인용하여 상수도 생산원가 절감액, 댐 건설과 관련된 비용의 감소, 물 오염 감소 등으로 편익을 간접적으로 계산하고, 기술적으로 물량이 충분하다는 가정하에 다중수원들간의 비용효과분석 수행하였다. 분석결과, 현재 공급하고 있는 상수도 시스템이 다른 다중취수원에 비해 비용효과적 우위에 있는 것으로 나타났다. 지하수, 해수담수화 등 새로운 수원을 찾는 노력이 필요하며 지하수는 가장 쉽게 활용할 수 있는 대체 수원이지만, 관정개발에 많은 비용이 들고 대량으로 수원을 공급하기 어렵다는 단점이 있다. 해수담수화는 대체수자원으로서 중요성이 더욱 강조될 것으로 보이지만, 시설의 설치 및 운영에 드는 높은 비용과 함께 육지에서 물을 대량으로 연안에서 멀리 떨어져 있거나 고도가 높은 지역은 해수담수화 기술의 적용이 어려울 것으로 여겨진다.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.152-159
• /
• 2019

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of transaction characteristics on transaction cost and choice intention by applying transaction cost theory to experiential product. Experience-specificity, transaction uncertainty, and personal uncertainty are proposed to reflect the characteristics of experiential products, and the effects of these variables on transaction costs and transaction costs are assumed to have an influence on the choice intention. The results of this study are summarized as follows. First, experience-specificity(site, physical equipment, knowledge skill, temporal), transactional uncertainty(product-, process-), personal uncertainty (preference-, and situation-) have a significant positive effect on transaction cost. Second, transaction costs (search, comparison, examination, negotiation, payment, delivery) have a significant negative effect on the choice intention of the experiential product. The results of this study show that the increase of transaction costs can reduce the choice of experiential products and the strategic consideration of experience specificity, transaction uncertainty and individual uncertainty are required to reduce transaction costs. In addition, experiential products lacked access from a transactional and cost-based point of view, and this study contributes theoretically by compensating for the lack.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.63-76
• /
• 2009

On the basis of a Stochastic Frontier Approach (SFA), this paper analyses revenue efficiencies for the same sample of Korean and Japanese railways in the papers which analyze cost efficiencies using a generalized translog functional form. The paper also compares the results of revenue efficiencies with cost efficiencies and evaluates the effects of managerial autonomy and privatization on the firm-specific efficiencies. The results show that the average estimate of revenue inefficiency is 7.02% when the term of inefficiency is assumed to be distributed as a half-normal and 6.98% as a exponential for the total sample. Also, standardized inefficiencies in revenues (7.5%) are greater than those in costs (2.1%). JR East and JR West are found to be most efficient on the revenue side and on the cost side respectively while JNR and JR Kyushu are worst efficient on the both sides. Finally, the correlations between efficiencies in revenues and costs also between efficiencies and privatization are positively correlated. The results suggest that the most independent companies, with increased managerial autonomy via privatization, are the most efficient in both revenues and costs.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
• /
• v.9 no.4 s.44
• /
• pp.43-54
• /
• 2005

This paper presents cost-effectiveness evaluation of semi-active control system for cable-stayed bridge under earthquake excitations with various magnitudes and frequency contents. Semi-active control system, which is operated by using Bi-stale control method on the basis of linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) optimal controller, is designed for the benchmark control problem proposed by Dyke et at. The cost-effectiveness of the proposed control system is defined by the ratio of life-cycle costs between a bridge structure with shock transmission units and a bridge structure with the semi-active control devices. The simulated results show that the damper cost has little influence on the cost-effectiveness of the semi-active control system while the cost-effectiveness is quite sensitive to the damage cost induced by the bridge failure. It is also found that the semi-active control system guarantees relatively high cost-effectiveness for the cable-stayed bridge subject to the ground motions in the regions of moderate seismicity with soft soil condition and strong seismicity with stiff soil condition.