• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
• /
• 제34권3호
• /
• pp.295-301
• /
• 2009

최근, 골다공증 치료 약물인 비스포스포네이트와 관련된 악골괴사증(BONJ)이 구강악안면 영역에서 발생할 수 있는 새로운 질환의 하나로 떠오르고 있다. 비스포스포네이트와 관련된 악골괴사증은 구강내로 노출된 악골이 관찰된 후 8주가 지나도 완전히 치유되지 않고 지속되는 상태를 말하며, 환자는 구강악안면 영역에 방사선 치료를 받은 병력이 없어야 하며, 비스포스포네이트로 치료 중이거나 치료받은 병력이 있어야 한다. 비스포스포네이트는 골에 결합하는 물질인데, 골개조가 활발히 일어나는 곳에 고농도로 집적되어 장기간 골격 내에 머물면서 골흡수를 강력히 억제하는 효과를 발휘한다. 한국에서도 골다공증이나 암환자에서 골전이를 막기 위해 비스포스포네이트로 치료를 받는 환자가 점차 늘고 있으며, 이는 또한 BONJ의 발생 가능성도 증가함을 의미한다. 우리는 BONJ로 의심되는 환자를 두 증례 소개하고자 하며, 이와 함께 BONJ가 어떤 질환이며, BONJ에 대한 치과의사의 인식의 중요성을 언급하고자 한다. BONJ는 드물게 발생하는 질환이긴 하나, 일단 발생하면 예후가 불량한 경우가 대부분이다. 그래서, BONJ에 대한 충분한 이해가 악골괴사를 예방하고, 치료하는 데 반드시 필요할 것이다.

• 구강회복응용과학지
• /
• 제32권2호
• /
• pp.93-101
• /
• 2016

건강에 대한 관심과 평균 수명 증가로 보철수복을 위해 치과에 내원하는 고령 환자의 수도 증가하고 있다. 고령 환자는 다양한 만성 질환을 가지고 있는 경우가 많다. 특히 골다공증은 고령 환자에서 매년 증가하는 추세로 치과에 내원하는 골다공증 환자 수는 더욱 증가할 전망이다. 현재 비스포스포네이트 제재가 골다공증 치료에 가장 많이 사용되며 장기간 경구복용 하거나 주사제를 투여받은 환자에서 악골괴사가 부작용으로 보고되었다. 이러한 약제관련 악골괴사는 외과적인 치과치료가 원인이 되는 경우가 많고 발병하면 치유가 어려워 예방이 중요하다. 보철 수복을 위한 구강형성 과정에서 외과적 치료가 필요할 수 있으며, 골다공증 환자의 성공적인 치료를 위해 치과의사는 질환에 대해 충분히 이해하고 관심을 가져야 한다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
• /
• 제35권1호
• /
• pp.39-40
• /
• 2009

Maxillary sinusitis is an infectious disease which can arise from odontogenic etiology and a maxillary osteomyelitis can spread into the sinus and consequently develop maxillary sinusitis. In this case report, a mid eighty's lady was diagnosed as BRONJ with maxillary sinusitis as a complication. The patient was managed successfully in collaboration with a endocrinologist. Through serial follow-up of serum CTX, we could decide the timing of surgical intervention.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
• /
• 제36권4호
• /
• pp.291-302
• /
• 2010

Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) is a side effect of Bisphosphonates (BPs) use. These days, oral bisphosphonates are normally prescribed to treat osteoporosis. Intravenous BPs are used extensively to treat osteolytic bone lesions related to multiplemyeloma and bone metastasis of solid cancers, breast cancer or prostate cancer. As the prescription of BPs is universalized and the number of people treated with BPs is increasing, an accurate understanding and proper management of BRONJ are required. The aim of this study was to improve the clinicians' understanding of BRONJ by reviewing the literature. To achieve this, this paper introduces case reports as well as the current concept of BRONJ based on the 2009 updates by American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial (AAOMS) including the definition, epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of BRONJ.

• 대한치과보철학회지
• /
• 제53권1호
• /
• pp.39-45
• /
• 2015

하악골 연속성의 상실은 하악 기능의 균형과 대칭에 영향을 주며, 하악의 움직임에 변화를 유발하고 절제된 부위로 잔존하악골을 편위시킨다. 또한 연하, 발음, 하악의 운동, 저작, 호흡과 같은 다른 부분에서도 기능이상을 나타낸다. 하악골의 일부가 결손된 환자의 경우, 일반적으로 외과적 재건에 이어 보철적 수복이 이루어진다. 하지만 BRONJ (Bisphosphonate related osteonecrosis of the Jaw)와 같은 전신적 질환을 가진 환자의 경우, 외과적 재건의 적용에 제한이 있게 되고 전적으로 보철적 수복에 의지하게 된다. 다양한 보철적 방법이 하악의 변위를 최소화하고 저작 효율과 기능 및 심미를 개선하기 위하여 제시되었다. 가철성 국소의치로 치료 시, 입술, 뺨, 혀의 운동에 의해 측방 및 수평력이 발생하며 기능 인상을 통해 이를 최대한 줄여 주어야 한다. 또한, Twin occlusion을 사용하면 적절한 구순 및 협측의 지지를 얻으면서 교합관계의 형성을 가능하게 할 수 있다. 이 증례보고에서는 하악골 결손 증례에서 중립대 인상 방법과 twin occlusion을 통하여 기능적 심미적으로 만족할 만한 결과를 얻었기에 이를 보고하고자 한다.

• 대한치과의사협회지
• /
• 제53권10호
• /
• pp.732-742
• /
• 2015

The objective of this study was to identify bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) awareness and experience level of patients by medical doctors who prescribes bisphosphonate being used, analyze dental examination referral reality and to utilize its result as basic education data for early diagnosis of BRONJ and its prevention. The study was carried out through a self-administered questionnaire distributed among a sample 192 residents and specialists. They belonged to family medicine, internal medicine and orthopedics of 6 tertiary medical centers located in Seoul. The survey consisted of 22 questions; general characteristics, bisphosphonate therapy, awareness of BRONJ, implementation level of dental examination referral. Among 192 medical doctorss, 78.1% (n=150) showed awareness of BRONJ. Only 8.9% (n=17) had correct response in all 5 BRONJ knowledge questions. Dental examination referral by medical doctors was implemented in below 30% of the total patients. At the time of bisphosphonate administration, specialist of oncology most highly recognized necessity of dental examination referral and it was represented in the order of endocrinology, rheumatology, family medicine, orthopedics specialists. As recognition of medical doctors for BRONJ and implementation level of dental referral were represented to be low, it is considered that enhancement of BRONJ recognition for medical doctors and development of high accessible education program for increasing implementation rate of dental examination referral would be required.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
• /
• 제37권1호
• /
• pp.54-61
• /
• 2011

Introduction: Bisphosphonates is used widely for the treatment of the Paget's disease, multiple myeloma, bone metastases of malignant tumors with the prevention of pain and their pathological fracture. However, it was recently suggested that bisphosphonates related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) is a side effect of bisphosphonate use. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four individuals, who were referred to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial surgery, Dankook University Dental Hospital, were selected from those who had exposed bone associated with bisphosphonates from January, 2005 to December, 2009 according to the criteria of American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons (AAOMS) for BRONJ. The patients group consisted of 7 males and 17 females between the age of 46 to 78 years (average 61.8 years). Each patient had panoramic imaging, computed tomography (CT), whole body bone scanning performed for a diagnosis and biopsy sampling from the necrotizing tissue. C-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX) level of patients who had undergone surgical intervention was measured 7 days before surgery. Results: The main cause of bone exposure was post-extraction (15), chronic periodontitis (4), persistent irritation of the denture (3). Twenty people had undergone BRONJ treatment for two to eight months except for 4 people who had to maintain the bisphosphonates treatment to prevent a metastasis and bone trabecular pain with medical treatment. When the bisphosphonate treatment was suspended at least for 3 months and followed up according to the AAOMS protocols, the exposed necrotizing bones were found to be covered by soft tissue. Conclusion: Prevention therapy, interruption of bisphophonates for at least 3 months and cooperation with the physician for conservative treatment are the essential for treating BRONJ patient with high risk factors. The CTX level of BRONJ patients should be checked before undergoing surgical intervention. Surgical treatments should be delayed in the case of a CTX level <150 pg/mL.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
• /
• 제35권5호
• /
• pp.302-309
• /
• 2013

Purpose: This study evaluated the prognosis of conservative and surgical treatment according to the staging of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of jaw (BRONJ) by American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons and American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. Methods: We evaluated 53 patients of BRONJ who visited Department of Dentistry, Ajou University School of Medicine from May 2007 to February 2013. Twenty eight patients in stage 2, were divided into surgical and conservative groups with cessation of bisphosphonate therapy. Fifteen patients belonged to the conservative treatment group, in which mouth rinsing and antibiotics medication were done. Thirteen patients were treated with debridement or sequestrectomy, in the surgical treatment group. Each study list was analyzed by SPSS ver. 14.0 (SPSS Inc., USA) software and the favorable rate was verified by the Fisher exact test. P-values less than 0.05% were deemed significant. Results: Clinical outcome was evaluated on the basis of both clinical and radiographic findings. Of all the 28 patients of stage 2, 15 patients underwent conservative treatment and 13 patients received surgical treatment. In the surgical group, 9 of 13 (69.2%) showed good prognosis, 4 of 13 (30.7%) showed recurrence. In the conservative group, 13 of 15 (86.6%) showed no change duting the follow-up period. Two of 15 patients even showed a bad prognosis, such as pain and pus discharge, which are criteria for stage 3. P-value was 0.067 (>0.05). Conclusion: The results of the present study suggests that surgical intervention is good choice against the conservative treatment, after proper drug holidays period, while further investigation is needed for a definite solution to BRONJ.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
• /
• 제37권6호
• /
• pp.470-476
• /
• 2011

Introduction: The incidence of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) has increased gradually in patients who have undergone surgical treatment for osteomyelitis. In this study, a retrospective analysis of BRONJ patients was carried out using the data of osteomyelitis patients treated surgically. Materials and Methods: Osteomyelitis patients, who underwent curettage, sequestrectomy, saucerization or decortications, and partial mandibulectomy at Seoul National University Dental Hospital from 2004 to 2010 were enrolled in this study. The patients were classified and categorized into two groups based on the surgical records and progress notes. One group comprised of patients with osteomyelitis and osteoporosis, and the other group included patients with osteomyelitis only. The epidemiological data of the BRONJ patients was analyzed to identify any trend in the incidence of BRONJ in osteomyelitis patients. Results: Among 200 patients who underwent surgical intervention for osteomyelitis, 64 (32.0%) were identified as having osteoporosis as the underlying disease. In these 64 patients, more than 81.3% had been prescribed bisphosphonates. Females were far more affected by BRONJ than males. The incidence of BRONJ also increased with age. The posterior part of the mandible was affected more frequently by BRONJ. Conclusion: Although the availability of potent antibiotics and increased oral hygiene care can reduce the overall incidence of osteomyelitis, BRONJ can increase the total incidence. To prevent BRONJ, it is recommended that an oral examination be performed before prescribing bisphosphonates. Moreover, the patients should be educated about the potential risks of dental procedures that might be causal factors for BRONJ. Furthermore, patient swho take bisphosphonates for the treatment of osteoporosis should undergo periodic follow up oral examinations to prevent BRONJ.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
• /
• 제37권1호
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2011

Introduction: The utility of the C-terminal cross-linking telopeptide test (CTX) as a method for staging Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (BRONJ) and its healing process was examined. Materials and Methods: A total 19 patients who were diagnosed with BRONJ underwent a fasted morning CTX test, were enrolled in this study. The serum CTX values ranged from 50 to 630 pg/mL (mean 60). The risk assessment was rated according to the CTX values of the individual patient (minimal risk, ${\geq}$ 150 pg/mL, moderate, 100 to 150 pg/mL, high, ${\leq}$100 pg/mL). The BRONJ scores were then calculated according to the number of BRONJ lesions and their stage. The operation was done as soon as possible, regardless of BORNJ stage. Results: The mean duration of bisphosphonate therapy was 4.1 years. Of the 19 patients, 15, 2 ans 2 received alendronate, risedronate and zoledronate, respecively. Of the 19 patients who underwent a sequestrectomy, saucerization and smoothing, 15 healed after the initial surgery, 1 patient healed after one more surgical procedure, 3 patients did not heal completely but showed improvement in symptoms. Therefore, 17 out of the 19 patients healed completely with complete mucosal coverage and the elimination of pain. The risk assessment using the CTX value and disease severity were not correlated (r=-0.264, P=0.275). In addition, the risk assessment using CTX value and healing after surgery were not correlated (r=-0.147, P=0.547). Conclusion: The serum CTX should be considered carefully by clinicians as part of overall management. Early surgical intervention is of benefit in the treatment of stage II BRONJ.