• Title/Summary/Keyword: 비수용성액체

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A Review on the Application of Ionic Liquids for the Radioactive Waste Processing (방사성 폐기물 처리를 위한 이온성 액체 활용)

  • Park, Byung Heung
    • Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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    • v.12 no.1
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    • pp.45-57
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    • 2014
  • Academic interests in ionic liquid (IL) technologies have been extended to the nuclear industry and the applicability of ionic liquids for processing radioactive materials have been investigated by many researchers. A number of studies have reported interesting results with respect to the spectroscopic and electrochemical behaviors of metal elements included in spent nuclear fuels. The measured and observed properties of metal ions in TBP(tri-butyl phosphate) dissolved ILs have led the development of alternative technologies to traditional aqueous processes. On the other hand, the electrochemical deposition of metal ions in ILs have been investigated for the application of the solvents to aqueous as well as to non-aqueous processes. In this work, a review on the application of ILs in nuclear fuel cycle is presented for the purpose of categorizing and summarizing the notable researches on ILs.

Design and Performance Evaluation of Ionic Liquid Propellant Thruster (이온성 액체 추진제 추력기 설계 및 성능 평가)

  • Kang, Shin-Jae;Lee, Jeong-Sub;Kwon, Se-Jin
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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    • 2011.11a
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    • pp.645-648
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    • 2011
  • Hydrazine which has been used as monopropellant shows high performance, but because of its high toxicity research for new green propellant that could replace hydrazine is going on. Ionic liquid propellant that is one of the green propellant has lower toxicity, higher specific impulse, and higher density than hydrazine. To design the thruster which use Hydroxylamine Nitrate (HAN), one of ionic liquid propellant, as a propellant, a quantity of catalyst for full decomposition of a propellant is needed. In this study, reference point for HAN thruster design could be suggested through a design of a small scale thruster which used HAN propellant, and propellant decomposition capability evaluation with characteristic velocity efficiency.

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Visualization and Quantification of Dissolution of Dense Nonaqueous Phase Liquid Entrapped in Porous Media (다공성 매체내 유기용매(DNAPL)의 용해현상 시각화 및 정량화 연구)

  • Ju, Byung-Kyu;Jeong, Seung-Woo
    • Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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    • v.16 no.1
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    • pp.46-52
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    • 2008
  • Oils and chlorinated solvents leaking to the subsurface are entrapped in the soil pore and these are called as nonaqueous phase liquids (NAPL). NAPL entrapped in porous media acts as a continuous source for surface and ground water contamination. This study visualized dissolution of trichloroethylene (TCE) entrapped in porous media and quantified the velocity of TCE dissolution using an image analysis technique. As the water velocity increased, the level of dissolution increased. The results imply that a TCE contaminated region having a high infiltration rate and groundwater velocity may result in severe groundwater contamination. Microscopic images of TCE entrapped in porous media showed that TCE present in the preferential flow paths was easily dissoluted into the water phase. However, TCE present in the stagnant flow region was visualized for long time. The results imply that TCE would be still present in the soil if TCE is detected in goundwater.

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Degradation of TPHs, TCE, PCE, and BTEX Compounds for NAPLs Contaminated Marine Sediments Using In-Situ Air Sparging Combined with Vapor Extraction (증기추출법과 결합된 공기주입법을 이용한 비수용성액체 해양퇴적물의 TPHs, TCE, PCE 및 BTEX 정화)

  • Lee, Jun-Ho;Han, Sun-Hyang;Park, Kap-Song
    • Economic and Environmental Geology
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    • v.46 no.5
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    • pp.425-444
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    • 2013
  • This study was carried out in order to determine the remediation of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs), trichloroethylene (TCE), perchloroethylene (PCE), benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX) compounds for non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) using in-situ air sparging (IAS) / vapor extraction (VE) with the marine sediments of Mandol, Hajeon, Sangam and Busan, South Korea. Surface sediment of Mandol area had sand characteristics (average particle size, 1.789 ${\Phi}$), and sandy silt characteristics (average particle size, 5.503 ${\Phi}$), respectively. Sangam surface sediment had silt characteristics (average particle size, 5.835 ${\Phi}$). Sediment characteristics before experiment in the Busan area showed clay characteristics (average particle size, 8.528 ${\Phi}$). TPHs level in the B1 column of Mandol, Hajeon, Sangam, and Busan sediments were 2,459, 6,712, 4,348, and 14,279 ppm. B2 (3 L/min) to B5 (5 L/min) columns reduced 99.5% to 100.0% of TCE and 93.2% to 100.0% of PCE. Removal rates of TCE, PCE, and BTEX are closely correlated (0.90-0.99) with particle sizes and organic carbon concentrations. However, TPHs (0.76) and benzene (0.71) showed the poorer but moderate correlations with the same parameters.

Solvent Extraction of Tb(III) from Chloride Solution using Organophosphorous Extractant, its Mixture and Ionic Liquids with Amines (염산용액에서 유기인산과 아민추출제의 혼합용매와 이온성액체에 의한 Tb(III)의 용매추출)

  • Oh, Chang Geun;Son, Seong Ho;Lee, Man Seung
    • Resources Recycling
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    • v.28 no.1
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    • pp.40-46
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    • 2019
  • The solvent extraction of Tb(III) from hydrochloric acid solution was investigated by employing single organophosphorus (D2EHPA, PC88A and Cyanex 272), its mixture with Alamine 336 and ionic liquids with Aliquat 336. The equilibrium pH after the extraction with extractant mixtures and ionic liquids was higher than that by single extractants. Among the mixtures and ionic liquids, only the ionic liquid with Cyanex 272 and Aliquat 336 showed synergism to the extraction of Tb(III). The extraction percentage of Tb(III) by the extractant mixtures was lower than that by single extractant and the extraction order was in the following order : D2EHPA + Alamine 336 > PC88A + Alamine 336 > Cyanex 272 + Alamine 336. The extraction order of Tb(III) by the ionic liquids was Cyanex 272 + Aliqaut 336 > PC88A + Aliquat 336 > D2EHPA + Aliquat 336.

Synthesis of Dodecanethiol-Capped Nanoparticles Using Ionic Liquids (이온성 액체를 이용한 dodecanethiol로 안정화된 금속 나노입자 합성)

  • Lee, Young-Eun;Lee, Seong-Yun;You, Seong-Sik
    • Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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    • v.50 no.5
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    • pp.795-801
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    • 2012
  • Nanoparticles have received significant attention because of their unusual characteristics including high surface area to volume ratios. Thiol ligand have been used as stabilizers of metal nanoparticles since Brust et al. They reported the preparation method of ligand capped metal nanoparticles by protecting the nanoparticles with a self-assembled monolayer of dodecanethiolate. In this method, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were used as sovents. This study was carried out to replace these VOCs with room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs). We used two type of ILs to prepare metal nanoparticles. One is a hydrophobic IL, [BMIM][[$PF_6$] (1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate) purchased from IL maker, C-Tri from Korea and the other one is a hydrophilic one, [BMIM][Cl] (1-Buthy-3-methylimdazolium chloride) sinthesized by us. In the case of preparing Ag and Au nanoparticles using [BMIM][Cl], we didn't use phase transition reagents and ethanol because it has hydrophilic property and preparing Au, Ag nanoparticles using [BMIM][[$PF_6$] the method is as same as Brust et al.'s except using [BMIM][[$PF_6$] instead of organic solvent because it has hydrophobic property. FT-IR and UV-vis, TEM, TGA analysis have been used in an attempt to determine the particle size and verify functional groups. The particle size obtained from TEM was very similar to those obtained by Brust et al. This is a clear example of ligand capped metal nanoparticles prepared using ionic liquids. And the experimental result demonstrated ionic liquids can act as a highly effective medium for the preparation and stabilization of gold and silver metal nanoparticles.

이액상 시스템에서 토양으로부터 비수용성 액체로의 PAHs의 이동특성

  • 양지원;이재영
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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    • 2002.09a
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    • pp.247-249
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    • 2002
  • The transfer behaviors of three Polyarmatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from soil to non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) were investigated. The three different PAHs were phenanthrene, anthracene, and pyrene. The used NAPLs were silicone oil and paraffine oil. The percentage of the remained PAHs into soil were similar without the relation to kinds of NAPLs. And the transfer of PAHs into NAPLs was fastened until 1 day as the increase of mixing rate but in the case of 450 rpm, the remained PAHs into soil was increased after 1 day because NAPLs was emulsified.

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버섯의 항암효과 -영자 균사체 다당류의 항종양 활성-

  • 이준우
    • Proceedings of the Korean Journal of Food and Nutrition Conference
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    • 1997.06b
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    • pp.13-14
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    • 1997
  • 영지의 약리효과는 triterpenoid계의 저분자와 polysaccharide인 고분자로 대별할 수 있다. 저분자 물질은 항염증작용, 항알러지작용, 간암세포 성장 억제작용, 혈압 강하작용, 혈소판 응집저해작용 등이 있으며, 고분자 물질은 혈압강하작용, 정혈작용, 고지혈증 개선작용, 혈당 강하작용, 면역 증강작용 및 항종양작용 등이 있는 것으로 알려졌다. 현재까지의 영지에 관한 연구는 주로 자실체에 대한 연구가 주류를 이루고 있으며 이들의 산지, 환경조건, 채집시기 및 실험자들에 따라 약리 효과 등에 많은 차이가 있다. 이들에 대한 효과가 영지의 대표적 약리효과라고 언급하기엔 부족한 점이 많으므로 약리효과가 우수하고 일관성이 있는 영지 유래 다당류를 얻기 위한 방법으로서는 균사체의 대량배양법 및 분리방법이 확립 되어야만 한다. 본 연구에서는 새로운 항암활성 다당류의 개발을 위해 국내 자생 영지를 채집하여 검색 및 계통적 분류를 행하였으며 분리된 균주의 최적 액체배양 조건, 다당류 분리 조건, 다당류의 물리화학적 특성 및 약리활성 등에 관한 연구를 실시하였다. 그 중 약리활성이 우수한 G- lucidum IY009 균주를 선발 하였다. 구조적 특징과 종양 면역 활성과의 관계 규명을 위해, G- lucidum IY009 배양균사체로부터 다당류를 T-AS, U-AS, M-AS, S 및 H로 분획 하였다. 추출조건에 따른 다당류 GLG의 수율은 열수 추출 분획이 2.98g/l로 가장 높았으며, U-AS및 T-AS에서 각각 2.32g/l, 2.07g/l이었다. GLG의 특성을 조사하기 위하여 수용성과 비수용성으로 분리한 결과 수용성 분획은 비수용성 분획보다 높은 당 함량을 나타냈으며, T-AS는 70.3%의 당과 7.8%의 단백질로 구성 되었다. GLG 대부분의 분획들은 60~93%의 glucose로 구성된 다당류 이었으며, 주로 $\beta$-glucose로 구성된 다당류 이었다. 아미노산은 Asp 및 Glu의 산성 아미노산과 Ala, Leu 등의 함량이 높게 나타났으며, 비알칼리 추출물에서 Ser과 Thr의 함량이 높게 나타났다. 다당류 T-AS는 평균 분자량이 2,000 kD와 12kD에서 주 peak를 나타냈으며, 수용성 분획의 평균 분자량은 12kD이고 비수용성 분획은 36~2,000 kD의 평균 분자량 분포를 갖는 것으로 나타났다. IR과 NMR 분석 결과 890 cm-1에서 흡수 peak를 나타내어 $\beta$-(1,3)0glucan과 $\beta$-(1,6)-glucan의 구조를 갖는 다당류로 확인 되었다. T-AS 분획은 C:H:O:N의 함량비가 38.9:5.7:49.6:1.84%이며, 이 물질의 융점은 163 $^{\circ}C$로 연한 갈색을 나타낸다. 분리된 GLG의 항암활성 기전 규명을 위해, in vivo 항암실험, 항보체 활성능, 항체 생성능, serum protein 분비능, 대식세포의 탐식능과 활성능 및 세포간 물질 분비 등의 상관관계를 조사하였다. 다당류 GLG 분획물들 가운데 항보체의 활성이 높았던 분획은 sarcome 180에 대한 항암 활성이 높게 나타났다. 다당류 T-AS의 보체 활성화 기작은 classical과 alternative complement pathway의 양 경로를 통해 활성화 되었다. T-AS 분획은 mouse내의 특정 혈청단백을 증가시켰으며, 항체 생성능의 증가가 관찰되어 effect T 세포의 활성화가 나타나고 있음을 알 수 있었다. T-AS는 생체내 투여시에 대식세포의 탐식능이 증진되었으며, 대식세포 기능 저해제에 의한 대식세포의 기능 저해 현상이 회복되었다. 이와 같은 결과들로부터, T-AS의 항암 활성은 활성화된 보체 성분 및 당 수용체들이 존재하는 대식세포의 개입을 시사한다.

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A Study on Pyrolysis of Cellulosic Organic Solid Wastes (셀룰로오스질 유기고형폐물의 열분해에 관한 연구)

  • Park Nae Joung
    • Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.21 no.4
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    • pp.293-303
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    • 1977
  • Cellulosic organic solid wastes such as bark and sawdust, and filter papers as a pure cellulose were pyrolyzed at $300^{\circ}C$ under nitrogen current and mixed current of nitrogen and air. Amounts of condensates collected in air, water, and dry ice-acetone cooling traps, noncondensable gases, and carbonized residues were surveyed. The components of volatile liquids condensed in dry ice-acetone trap were separated by means of gas chromatograph and identified by retention times and syringe reactions. Pyrolysis under nitrogen current produced 13.4∼29.6${\%}$ of tar, 0.01∼0.12${\%}$ of aqueous liquids, 0.24∼1.43${\%}$ of volatile liquids, 9.84∼42.41${\%}$ of noncondensable gases, and 44.0∼65.81${\%}$ of carbonized residues. Pyrolysis under mixed current decreased tar and condensable liquids, but increased noncondensable gases.Volatile liquids collected under nitrogen current separated into the same 19 components by Porapak Q column regardless of the materials and only difference among materials was relative amounts of components. Volatile liquids collected under mixed current separated into six components and mainly lower molecular weight compounds such as methanol and formaldehyde were produced. According to the retention times and syringe reactions, methanol, formaldehyde, acetone, acetaldehyde, acetic acid, and three other compounds presumably containing hydroxyl group in the molecular structure were identified out of 19 compounds.

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부식환경에서의 파괴 및 피로

  • 이동영
    • Journal of the KSME
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    • v.28 no.4
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    • pp.313-321
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    • 1988
  • 어떤 구조물이 반복하중을 받으면 피로파괴를 일으킨다. 만일 이 구조물이 부식환경 속에 앗 으면 불활성 분위기나 공기 중에서 보다 빨리 파괴에 이르게 된다. 이러한 현상을 흔히 부식 피로라고 한다. 부식피로에 크게 영향을 미치는 변수들을 대략 기계적 변수, 금속학적 변수, 환경 변수로서, 기계적 변수에는 최대응력 확대계수, 응력확대계수범위, 응력비, 반복하중 주파수, 반복하중파형, 응력상태, 잔류응력, 균열의 크기 및 모양 등이 있으며 금속학적 변수로는 합금 조성, 합금원소와 불순물의 분포, 미세조직과 결정구조, 열처리, 소성가공, 집합조직 등이며 환 경변수에는 온도, 환경의 형태(기체, 액체), 부식성분의 분압 또는 농도, 전기화학적 전위, pH, 수용성 환경의 점성, 피복, 부식억제제 등이 있다. 이와 같이 부식환경 속에 있는 구조물의 파 손을 이해하기 위하여는 응력부식과 부식피로를 공부하여야 한다. 이 현상은 매우 복잡한 문 제이기 때문에 아직도 완전히 이해되지 않은 상태이고 따라서 중요한 연구대상이 되고 있다. 여기서는 응력부식과 부식피로의 파괴역학적인 측면을 소개하고자 한다.

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