• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.30 no.9
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• pp.955-960
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• 2008

We investigated and estimated at the characteristics of decomposition and mineralization of benomyl using a design of experiment(DOE) based on the general factorial design in an E-beam process, and also the main factors(variables) with benomyl concentration(X$_1$) and E-beam irradiation(X$_2$) which consisted of 5 levels in each factor was set up to estimate the prediction model and the optimization conditions. At frist, the benomyl in all treatment combinations except 17 and 18 trials was almost degraded and the difference in the decomposition of benomyl in the 3 blocks was not significant(p > 0.05, one-way ANOVA). However, the % of benomyl mineralization was 46%(block 1), 36.7%(block 2) and 22%(block 3) and showed the significant difference of the % that between each block(p < 0.05). The linear regression equations of benomyl mineralization in each block were also estimated as followed; block 1(Y$_1$ = 0.024X$_1$ + 34.1(R$^2$ = 0.929)), block 2(Y$_2$ = 0.026X$_2$ + 23.1(R$^2$ = 0.976)) and block 3(Y$_3$ = 0.034X$_3$ + 6.2(R$^2$ = 0.98)). The normality of benomyl mineralization obtained from Anderson-Darling test in all treatment conditions was satisfied(p > 0.05). The results of prediction model and optimization point using the canonical analysis in order to obtain the optimal operation conditions were Y = 39.96 - 9.36X$_1$ + 0.03X$_2$ - 10.67X$_1{^2}$ - 0.001X$_2{^2}$ + 0.011X$_1$X$_2$(R$^2$ = 96.3%, Adjusted R$^2$ = 94.8%) and 57.3% at 0.55 mg/L and 950 Gy, respectively. A Microtox test using V. fischeri showed that the toxicity, expressed as the inhibition(%), was reduced almost completely after an E-beam irradiation, whereas the inhibition(%) for 0.5 mg/L, 1 mg/L and 1.5 mg/L was 10.25%, 20.14% and 26.2% in the initial reactions in the absence of an E-beam illumination.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2019.05a
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• pp.73-73
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• 2019

지구 표면의 약 2%에 해당하는 담수에서 육상계 전체가 흡수하는 탄소의 50%가 배출되며, 이는 토양표면에서 배출되는 탄소량에 비해 더 큰 수치로 전 지구적 탄소순환 해석에 중요한 역할을 한다. 특히, 내륙수역과 대기의 경계면에서 $CO_2$ 이동은 전 지구적 탄소순환의 중요한 구성요소로 평가되고 있다. 호수와 저수지 같은 담수 저류시설은 육상에서 기인한 탄소의 운송 및 처리 역할을 한다. 하지만, 저수지에서 온실가스배출량을 평가할 수 있는 명확한 방법론이 부족하며, 전지구 규모 GHGs배출량에 대한 추정에 대한 불확실성이 상당히 큰 상황이다. 본 연구에서는 몬순기후대에 위치한 인공저수지를 대상으로 보다 신뢰도있는 온실가스 배출량 추정을 위해 $CO_2$ NAF 산정하고, 산정에 영향을 미치는 인자들을 분석 하였다. 분석을 위해 $CO_2$ NAF 산정에 필요한 수리 및 수질 인자들을 2017년부터 2018년까지 수집하고, 기초통계량 및 상관분석을 실시하였다. 또한, 주성분분석(PCA) 및 다중선형회귀모델(MLR)과 랜덤포레스트(RF) 기법을 사용해 변수 중요도를 평가하였으며, $CO_2$ NAF 산정 주요인자인 기체교환 계수를 경험적 모델 3종(Cole and Caraco, Crusius, Vachon), 표면갱신형 모델 4종(Heiskanen, Maclntyre, Read, Soloviev)을 비교, 검토하였다. 조사기간 동안 기체교환계수 산정 결과 Crusius 모델 예측값이 평균 $0.342(0.047{\sim}4.323)cm\;hr^{-1}$으로 검토한 모델중 가장 낮은 평균값을 보였으며, Heiskane 모델이 $2.135(0.337{\sim}5.152)cm\;hr^{-1}$으로 가장 큰 평균값을 보였다. 대상 수체는 연주기로 완전혼합되며 수온성층이 약화되는 시기에 저수지 표층 아래에 축적된 탄소가 표층으로 전달되어 높은 수준의 p$CO_2$를 보이며, 수표면에 큰 난류 강도가 작용하는 기간에 대기중으로 배출(pulse emission) 기작이 나타난다. NAF 산정결과 경험적 모델의 NAF값($-1246.0{\sim}6510.3mg-CO_2m^{-2}day^{-1}$)은 표면갱신형 모델 NAF값($-1436.1{\sim}8485.7mg-CO_2m^{-2}day^{-1}$)보다 낮은 수준을 보였으며, 풍속의 함수만을 이용하는 경험적 모델보다 부력 플럭스와 난류 혼합의 영향을 고려하는 Macintyre, Heiskanen모델이 성층 저수지의 $CO_2$ NAF 산정에 적합한 것으로 나타났다. $CO_2$ NAF 산정의 주요인자로 MLR모델은 Tw, EC, pH, Chla, TOC, Alk, RF모델은 EC, DO, TOC가 중요 변수로 평가되었다. PCA 분석결과, 수온이 낮고 성층이 약화되며 pH가 낮은 상태에서 NAF가 큰 것으로 나타났다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.786-794
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• 1999

Back ground : Arm span measurements provide a practical substitute for standing height to predict normal spirometric values in subjects unable to stand or those with a skeletal deformity such as kyphoscoliosis. The relationship between arm span and height has previously been reported as either a fixed ratio unaffected by age or as a regression equation in which the ratio varies as a function of age. The fixed ratio or regression equation is known to be specific for sex and race. Methods : We studied the relationship between standing height, arm span, and age in 381 Korean adult female subjects (ages 20 to 69 yrs) sampled in a general population. Results : The mean ratio for arm span to height is 1.004. Multiple linear analysis found arm span and age to be predictive of standing height (p=0.0001, $r^2$=0.76). We performed the analysis of the difference between the predicted height using either fixed ratio or regression equation and actual height. At the extremes of arm span and age, the ratio method either underestimated(at smaller arm span or younger age) or overestimated(at larger arm span or older age) as compared with actual height (p=0.0001). Conclusion : This results indicate that the estimated height using the fixed ratio method provides a less acceptable method of estimating height for the prediction of lung volumes in the Korean adult women when compared with the regression equations, especially at the extremes of stature or age.

• Korean journal of health promotion
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.159-168
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• 2018

Background: Strategically improving health-related quality of life (HRQOL) should be discussed among overweight middle-aged women who are vulnerable to low HRQOL. We examined firstly if overweight middle-aged women would have significantly lower levels of HRQOL and health-promoting behaviors than normal-weight middle-aged women, and to examine secondly if health-promoting behaviors would be significantly associated with generic and obesity-specific HRQOLs within the overweight middle-aged women. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional, comparative study. Participants were 119 women aged 30-49 years who were recruited from a community in Seoul, South Korea; 63 women for the overweight group who were recruited from a baseline sample of the Community-Based Heart and Weight Management Trial, while 56 for the normal-weight group who were recruited separetely. Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile II (HPLP II), World Health Organization Quality of Life-brief version (WHOQOL-BREF) of a generic HRQOL measure, and Impact of Weight on Quality of Life-Lite (IWQOL-Lite) of an obesity-specific HRQOL measure were used. Results: Compared to the normal-weight group, the overweight group showed significantly lower scores of total WHOQOL-BREF as well as some HPLP II subscales including stress management (P=0.029). Among the HPLP II subscales, stress management was significantly and positively associated with total WHOQOL-BREF (${\beta}=1.58$, P=0.003) and self-esteem IWQOL-Lite (${\beta}=11.58$, P=0.034) among the overweight group. Conclusions: Among middle-aged overweight women, low levels of health-promoting behavior for stress management were shown, which should be strategically increased for improving their generic and obesity-specific HRQOLs.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.173-177
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• 2003

Purpose : Recently, different results about factors affecting accurate quantitation of 24-hr urinary protein(24UP) amount using spot urine protein/creatinine ratio(PCR) have been reported. The current study was designed to evaluate correlation between 24UP amounts and PCR in children, and the effect of 24UP amounts, age, sex, and glomerular filtration rate(GFR) on this correlation. Methods : Among 94 patients who visited the department of pediatrics in Busan Paik Hospital from March 2002 to August 2002, 68 patients whose urinary creatinine excretion was ${\geq}15mg/kg/day$ were included in this study. All the patients were divided into I, II/A, B group(I : 24UP<500 mg/day, II : $24UP{\geq}500mg/day$, A : <10 years of age, B : ${\geq}10years$ of age). Pearson correlation analysis was performed between 24UP and PCR to evaluate the relationship. We defined fractional difference between 24UP and PCR, and then performed multiple regression analysis with 24UP amount, age, GFR and fractional difference. Results : There was a strong positive linear correlation between 24UP and PCR(R=0.936, P<0.0001) in all patients, and the correlation was also good in each group. Using PCR cutoff values of 0.5, the PCR provided high sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value in predicting 24UP amount ${\geq}500mg$. The factors affecting accurate quantitation of proteinuria using spot urine PCR was age, not 24UP amount, GFR or sex. Conclusion : Spot urine PCR is a useful test but has limitations in predicting 24UP amount. Therefore, it should be used only as screening method. Age-adjusted PCR cutoff values may be necessary to predict 24UP amount in children with proteinuria.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.152-169
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of adjacentroads on the concentration of negative air ions in urban neighborhood park. The measured factors were negative air ion concentration, positive airion concentration, airtemperature,relative humidity, wind speed, green formation volume factor (GVZ) and distance from highway and general road. The mean negative air ion concentration was $206ea/cm^3$ and the positive air ion concentration was $416ea/cm^3$ in the influence zone of roads. On the other hand, the mean negative air ion was $339ea/cm^3$ and the positive air ion was $229ea/cm^3$ in the unaffected zone of roads, which are inner areas of the park. The difference of the negative air ion concentration according to the influence of the road was statistically significant. The negative air ion concentration model was presented by integrating the correlation analysis with the influence factors, and the explanatory power of the model was increased by adding the influence factor of the road.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.543-553
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• 2020

This study analyzed secondary data using the results of the 7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey in 2018. The aim of this study was to identify and compare the effects of physical activity, body mass index, and depression on the health-related quality of life of elderly women. Specifically, the sample consisted of 550 women with hypertension and 375 women without hypertension. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square test, t-test, and multiple linear regression with the IBM SPSS/WIN 22.0 program. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that age, education, physical activity, body mass index, and depression accounted for 26.9% of the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in the hypertension group (F=14.30, p<.001), followed by physical activity (t=3.02, p=.003), body mass index (t=-3.12, p=.002), and depression (t=-7.69, p<.001). Education and depression accounted for 31.7% of the QoL in the non-hypertension group (F=4.42, p<.001), followed by depression (t=-5.53, p<.001). Based on these results, a physical activity intervention program will be needed to reduce depression and obesity in older women. Moreover, further research comparing the characteristics of other specific physical activities in elderly women with hypertension is recommended.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.156-166
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• 2012

Objectives: This study aimed to identify the relationship among health-related quality of life of the Cheon-nam region elderly with low back pain. Methods: Data were obtained from cross-sectional surveys conducted as a part of the Community Health Survey 2008. The final analysis included data from 7,003 of the 7,070 elderly participants (aged over 65 years), as 67 responses were excluded since they were inaccurate. Data were analyzed with SPSS for Windows (ver. 19.0), using a ${\chi}^2$-test, a t-test, an ANOVA, and multiple liner regression. The significance threshold was set as p<0.05. Results: Factors related to the health-related quality of life of the elderly were low back pain, age, education level, occupation, subjective health status, subjective stress, drinking status, number of chronic diseases, and sleep duration. Further, health-related quality of life was significantly lower in elderly adults with low back pain. Conclusions: In order to improve health-related quality of life of the elderly and the development of the program for the management of low back pain will be needed to determine, it is considered necessary to study more to follow through the various analysis of in the elderly and health-related quality of life.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2005

The study shows the possible use of the index flood frequency curves for an estimation of flood quantiles at ungauged locations. Flood frequency analysis were made for the annual maximum flood data series at 9 available stations in the Han river basin. From the flood frquency curve at each station the mean annual flood of 2.33-year return period was determined and the ratios of the flood magnitude of various return period to the mean annual flood at each station were averaged throughout the Han river basin, resulting mean flood ratios of different return periods. A correlation analysis was made between the mean annual flood and physiographic parameters of the watersheds i.e, the watershed area and mean river channel slope, resulting an empirical multiple linear regression equation over the whole Han river basin. For unguaged watershed the flood of a specified return period could be estimated by multiplying the mead flood ratio corresponding the return period with the mean annual flood computed by the empirical formula developed in terms of the watershed area and river channel slope. To verify the applicability of the methodology developed in the present study the floods of various return periods determined for the watershed in the river channel improvement plan formulation by the Ministry of Construction and Transportation(MOCT) were compared with those estimated by the present method. The result proved a resonable agreement up to the watershed area of approximately 2,000k $m^2$. It is suggested that the practice of design flood estimation based on the rainfall-runoff analysis might have to be reevaluated because it involves too much uncertainties in the hydrologic data and rainfall-runoff model calibration.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.44-50
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• 2007

Objectives: previous studies have suggested the possible predisposing personality in fibromyalgia(FM). The aim of this study is to investigate the personality traits in female patients with FM compared to healthy female controls using the Temperament and Character Inventory(TCI) and furthermore, to evaluate the personality traits affecting the severity of the symptoms of FM. Methods Forty female patients with FM and 40 healthy female controls were examined using the TCI and the Hamilton depression rating scale. The FM patients were also evaluated the severity of the symptoms of FM using the fibromyalgia impact questionnaire(FIQ). Results : ANCOVA with age and depression levels as covariates showed that the FM patients scored significantly higher on the harm avoidance(F=2.187, p=0.047) and lower on the self-directedness(F=4.551, p=0.036) than the healthy controls. The FIQ scores showed positive correlation with the harm avoidance scores in the FM patients when adjusting for age and depression level(R=0.399, p=0.013) Multiple linear regression models revealed that the harm avoidance scores would affect the FIQ scores in FM patients(95% Cl=0.004-1.942, p=0.049). Conclusions : These results suggest that the female FM patients have distinctive temperament and character dimensions compared to the healthy female controls. Moreover, the harm avoidance may be the predictive personality to affect the severity of the symptoms of female FM patients.