• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.211-220
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• 2011

This study tested the anti-obesity and hypolipidemic effects of red garlic extract in obese rats induced by a high fat diet over a period of 4 weeks. Red garlic extract of 15 brix was added in 1, 3, 5 and 7% ratios in diets. The obesity index and body fat content significantly decreased in rats fed a diet with over 3% red garlic extract compared to the control group. There was no significant difference in weight of visceral and epididymal fat in rats fed red garlic extract. Total lipid and triglyceride levels in serum were significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner, and AI and CRF also fell. ALT and AST activities in groups fed red garlic extract were decreased compared to the control group. Total lipid level in liver tissue of the groups fed 5-7% red garlic extract exhibited a significant decrease compared to the control group. Total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in feces were significantly increased in rats fed a diet with over 5% red garlic extract. Lipid peroxide levels were significantly decreased in the groups fed diets with 5-7% red garlic and antioxidant activity in serum was significantly increased in the group fed a diet with 7% red garlic extract compared to the control group. Our results suggest that red garlic extract could have anti-obesity and hypolipidemic effects for suppressing obesity index and decreasing lipid profiles.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.906-915
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of aquatic walking exercise on body composition, hs-CRP, HOMA-IR, and blood pressure in obese elderly women. Twenty, obese elderly women[percent body fat(%BF) < 30%] composed of aquatic walking exercise group(EX, n=10), the control group(CON, n=10). The variables of body composition, hs-CRP, HOMA-IR, and blood pressure were measured in all the subjects pre and post of 12 weeks aquatic walking exercise(RPE 11-14, 3 times per week, 50 mins). The test data were analyzed by paired t-test and repeated ANOVA, and the alpha level of p<.05 was set for all tests of significance. %BF (p<.05), insulin (p<.01), HOMA-IR (p<.01) and SBP (p<.05) were significantly decreased in EX group compared to CON group. These results suggest that 12 weeks of aquatic walking exercise improves %BF, HOMA-IR, and blood pressure. Thus, this proposed aquatic walking exercise modality can be a useful therapy to improve both obese and cardiovascular disease in obese elderly women.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.33 no.10
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• pp.791-796
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• 2023

It is well known that any kind of physical activity can be a useful nonpharmacological tool in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, including antihypertension. There is also strong evidence that suggests that people with cardiovascular disease are less active than healthy people. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a 12-week walking exercise intervention program on body composition, insulin resistance, and blood pressure in obese elderly women with stage 1 hypertension. The walking exercise program was performed for 50 min, three times per week. The intensity progressively increased: RPE 11 to 12, 40-50% HRR, for weeks 1-4; RPE 12 to 13, 50-60% HRR, for weeks 5-8; and RPE 13 to 14, 60-65% HRR, for weeks 9-12. The subjects were 20 obese elderly women with stage 1 hypertension (SBP: 140-159 mmHg or DBP: 90-99 mmHg). Half were placed in the walking exercise group (EX, n=10), and half were placed in the control group (CON, n=10). At the end of the program, the EX group members had significantly lower body fat, insulin resistance, and SBP compared to the CON group members. These results suggest that undertaking a 12-week walking exercise program improves body fat, insulin resistance, and SBP, which may improve the incidence of metabolic disease in elderly obese women with stage 1 hypertension.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.224-233
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• 2010

Purpose: This study explored the relationships among obesity, bone mineral density, and cardiovascular risks in post-menopausal women. Methods: One hundred post-menopausal women were recruited via convenience sampling from osteoporosis prevention program participants who were living in a metropolitan city in September 2006. Obesity was evaluated by body mass index, bone mineral density measured by DEXA scan, and cardiovascular risk factors assessed by a guideline of American Heart Association. Results: Seventy-two percent of women were either in the osteopenia or osteoporosis group, while 28% were in normal range in lumbar vertebrae. Obese women had greater bone mineral density in lumbar (F=3.31, p=.040) and femur (F=4.72, p=.011). Variables for cardiovascular risks were significantly different for high density lipoprotein (F=7.51, p=.001), systolic blood pressure (F=5.21, p=.007), and in percent of 10-year cardiovascular disease risk according to obesity. Conclusion: Post-menopausal women are at risk for obesity, osteoporosis, and cardiovascular disease. In order to prevent these conditions, nursing interventions such as resistance and aerobic exercise that reduces body weight and bone loss, increases high density lipoprotein, and reduces systolic blood pressure, should be proposed continually through health promotion programs for postmenopausal women.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.597-603
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• 2008

Purpose : Obesity is associated with insulin resistance. Insulin resistance and the presence of pro-inflammatory mediators are thought to cause a state of vascular endothelial dysfunction, an abnormal lipid profile, hypertension, and vascular inflammation. These chronic inflammatory responses, which are characterized by abnormal cytokine production, lead to activation of a pro-inflammatory signaling pathway. Leptin is an important mediator of inflammatory processes and immune-mediated diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between leptin and various cytokines associated with obesity in adolescents. Methods : Sixty-six obese adolescents (between 16-17 years of age, obesity index >130%) and 26 normal controls were included in this study. Obesity index and body mass index (BMI) were calculated. Serum lipid profile, AST and ALT were tested after 10 hours of fasting. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-${\alpha}$) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were measured by ELISA. Insulin, adiponectin, and leptin levels were estimated by radioimmunoassay. Results : Leptin was significantly higher in the obese adolescents compared to the control adolescents ($12.0{\pm}6.8ng/mL$ vs $6.3{\pm}1.0ng/mL$). TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6, and insulin were significantly higher in the obese adolescents. Adiponectin was significantly lower in the obese group than the control group ($3.3{\pm}1.9{\mu}g/mL$ vs $5.0{\pm}1.4{\mu}g/mL$). Leptin had positive correlations with obesity index, BMI, and IL-6. Conclusion : In obese adolescents, leptin, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6, and insulin might be important mediators of obesity. Further clinical research is necessary to ascertain leptin as a predictor of cardiovascular diseases and to develop a guideline for clinical intervention.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.61-67
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• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Socheongryong-tang, a traditional herbal medicine, on gastrointestinal (GI) motility disorders (inflammatory and diabetic models) in mice. Methods: The in vivo effects of Socheongryong-tang on GI motility were investigated by calculating percent intestinal transit rates (ITR) and gastric emptying (GE) values using Evans Blue and phenol red, respectively, in normal mice and in mice with experimentally induced GI motility dysfunction (GMD). GMD models were induced by acetic acid and streptozotocin. Results: In normal ICR mice, ITR and GE values were significantly and dose-dependently increased by the intragastric administration of Socheongryong-tang (0.0025~0.25 g/kg). The ITR values (%) of GMD mice were significantly lower than those of normal mice, and these reductions were significantly and dose-dependently inhibited by Socheongryong-tang. Conclusions: These results suggest that Socheongryong-tang is a good candidate for the development of a prokinetic agent that may prevent or alleviate GMD.

• Archives of Obesity and Metabolism
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.54-63
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• 2023

Estrogen is crucial in regulating food intake, energy expenditure, glucose metabolism, and lipid metabolism. During menopause, the decline in estrogen levels predisposes women to weight gain, abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) prevents weight gain, improves lipid metabolism by lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol while raising high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and delays the onset of type 2 diabetes in menopausal women. The effect of MHT on CVD in menopausal women remains controversial. The Women's Health Initiative study was terminated prematurely after it revealed that hormone administration increased the risk of myocardial infarction, stroke, and thromboembolism. However, some studies have found that MHT had no effect or decreased the risk of CVD. The inconsistent results were likely due to multiple factors, including the timing of hormone therapy initiation, duration of therapy, type and dosage, and presence or absence of CVD risk factors at the start of treatment. Despite its benefits in terms of managing weight gain and reducing the risk of type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and CVD associated with obesity, it is not recommended as the primary therapy for weight loss or diabetes prevention. MHT is primarily indicated for postmenopausal women, who are likely to benefit from its potential to prevent weight gain and improve lipid metabolism.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.65-71
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between cardiovascular disease and periodontal disease. The subjects were 3,149 adults over 40 years of age using the third year National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2015). Data were analyzed using the SPSS 22.0 program. As a result, the relationship between cardiovascular disease and periodontal disease was 1.27 times higher in obesity group compared to normal group, when adjusted for disturbance variables (age, smoking status, drinking status, income) In hypertensive patients, the hypertension group had a 1.32-fold higher risk of periodontal disease when the disturbance variables (age, smoking status, drinking status, income) were adjusted compared to those without hypertension. Therefore, cardiovascular disease is associated with periodontal disease, and it can be used as a good basis for educational and preventive measures to reduce or prevent the incidence of cardiovascular disease and periodontal disease in the future.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.54-69
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• 2023

Purpose: Proteins are major components of the body and essential nutrients for proper growth and development. However, studies on protein intake in children and adolescents are insufficient. A few previous studies have reported the relationship with growth indicators, but results vary depending on the source of protein. Therefore, the current study investigates the relationship between protein intake and overweight and obesity among children and adolescents in Korea. Methods: Based on the 2014-2019 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 5,567 children and adolescents aged 6-18 years, who participated in a 24-hour dietary recall with information on height and weight, were included in this study. Protein intake was estimated as percentage of total energy (% of energy) and was classified into animal and plant protein according to the food source. Overweight and obesity were defined using the 2017 pediatric and adolescent growth chart. Results: Total protein intake of the subjects was estimated as 14.5% of total energy (animal protein 8.3% and plant protein 6.3%). The group with the highest total protein intake had a higher odds ratio (OR) of overweight/obesity than those with the least protein intake (OR, 1.36, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.10-1.67, p for trend = 0.003). When classified by food source, the group with the highest animal protein intake had a significantly higher OR of overweight/obesity than subjects with the lowest intake (OR, 1.30, 95% CI, 1.05-1.61, p for trend = 0.016). However, plant protein was not significantly associated with overweight/obesity. Conclusions: These findings suggest that a high intake of animal protein in children and adolescents increases the risk of being overweight and obese. In order to develop normal growth and prevent obesity in the future, it is necessary to determine an appropriate protein intake level through nutrition education programs and prospective studies on balanced protein intake.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.11
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• pp.405-416
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• 2020

This study was conducted to identify the factors affecting sarcopenia in middle-aged and older women in Korea. This is a cross sectional study by using 5th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data. The data were analyzed by using the SPSS 26.0 program. The prevalence of sarcopenia was 10.8%. There were significant differences according to ASM, age, education, current job, marital status, perceived health status, energy intake, protein intake, BMI, body fat, alcohol drinking, menopause, central obesity, impaired fasting glucose and chronic disease. Woman with central obesity and osteoarthritis increased risk of sarcopenia each 4.15 times(p<.001), 3.06 times(p=.041) and energy intake decreased risk of sarcopenia 0.99 times(p=.043). In order to prevent and manage sarcopenia, strategies for managing central obesity and osteoarthritis in mddile-aged and older woman and adequate food intake are needed.