• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
• /
• 2005.11b
• /
• pp.880-882
• /
• 2005

본 논문은 디지털 영상 데이터를 대상으로 웨이블릿 변환을 이용하여 주파수 영역에서 워터마크를 삽입하는 블라인드 워터마킹 알고리즘을 제안한다. 각기 다른 다양한 디지털 영상 데이터의 특성을 고려하여 영상의 특성을 반영하는 임계값을 적용하고 가우시안 랜덤 수열(Gaussian Random Sequence)을 워터마크로 삽입하여 원본영상과 워터마킹된 영상이 시각적으로 차이가 없도록 한다. 영상의 특성을 반영하기위한 임계값을 실험을 통하여 조절함으로서 영상의 손실정도, 워터마크 정보의 삽입 양, 검출 상관도 등의 관계를 연구하고 인간의 시각적인 특성을 고려하여 비가시도를 향상하였으며 중주파 대역에 워터마크를 삽입함으로서 원본영상의 손실을 최소화하고 다양한 영상 처리에 견고하도륵 하였다. 제안한 방법의 성능 평가를 위해서 JPEG 손실압축 선형 필터링, 비선형 필터링, 잡음첨가 그리고 크로핑 등의 영상 처리를 실험한 결과 높은 상관도와 견고함을 나타내었고 비가시도 측면에서도 시각적으로 인지할 수 없을 만큼 측정되었다.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.11 no.4
• /
• pp.92-100
• /
• 2011

In this paper, we propose a novel blind digital watermarking method based on a cellular automata transform (CAT). CAT is based on dynamic systems known as cellular automata(CA) and uses transform bases which are differently defined by a rule number, the number of neighbors, the number of cells, and an initial state, etc. The proposed CAT based method is compared with a blind watermarking method based on DWT which is commonly used for a domain transform in signal processing. We analyse properties on changes of DWT coefficients and CAT coefficients under various attacks and determine optimal parameters for a watermarking method robust to attacks. The simulations show that the watermarked images with high PSNR and MSSIM look visually identical to originals and are robust against most of typical image processing attacks. Moreover, the proposed CAT based watermarking method is superior to the DWT based one in robustness to most of typical image processing attacks including JPEG compression, median and average filtering, scaling, cropping, and histogram equalization.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
• /
• v.30 no.6
• /
• pp.303-307
• /
• 2011

This paper describes an audio watermarking using Quantization Index Modulation (QIM) on significant peaks in frequency domain. The audio signal is broken up into L samples length frames with non-overlapping and rectangular window. The zero-crossing rate of each frame is calculated for decision whether it is proper to be watermarked or not. If the frame is legitimate, frequency magnitude response is computed by discrete Fourier transform. For the QIM, we set the quantization step size based on maximum value of frequency magnitude response and select n significant peaks with w samples around them in frequency domain, totally $n{\times}(w+1)$ samples. Finally, watermark embedding is performed. Decoder extract watermarks based on Euclidean distance, that is a blind detection. The proposed method is robust against many attacks of watermark benchmark.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
• /
• v.7 no.5
• /
• pp.744-754
• /
• 2004

In this paper, a polarity based blind watermarking method considering wavelet coefficients modification is proposed. In this proposed method, we use an asymmetric thresholds watermarking(ATW) in which detection threshold is higher than inserting threshold in order to enhance watermark detection ratio in attacked images. Also, in order to reduce errors in the detected value of watermarks according to small changes in the coefficient values when detecting watermarks, it set the range for movement variation of the coefficients and lowered the sensitivity of variation by ignoring the variations that fall into this range. For this purpose, the polarity preservation threshold $\beta$ was set and a watermark was detected based on the polarity only for the difference that was larger than $\beta$. The experimental results show that the proposed method has good quality and is robust to various attacks such as the JPEG lossy compression, noise addition, cropping, blurring, etc.

• Journal of Software Assessment and Valuation
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.143-151
• /
• 2020

The digital content's security and authentication are important in the field of digital content application. There are some methods to perform the authentication. The digital watermarking is one of authentication methods. Paper presents a digital watermark authentication method that works in the application of digital image. The proposed watermark has the triple status information and performs the embedding and the detection without original Content. When authenticating the owner information of digital content, an autocorrelation function is used. In addition, a spread spectrum method is used to be adaptive to the signal of the original content in the frequency domain(DWT Domain). Therefore, the possibility of errors occurring in the detection of hidden information was reduced. it also has a advantage what Watermarking in DWT has faster embedding and detection time than other transformation domains(DFT, DCT, etc.). if it has a an image of size N=mXm, the computational amount can be reduced from O(N·logN) to O(N). The particular advantage is that it can hide more information(bits) per bit.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
• /
• 2004.05b
• /
• pp.241-246
• /
• 2004

Medical images are being managed more by PACS in general medical institutions. It is important to protect patients from being invaded their privacy related to the images. It is also necessary to confirm the ownership, the right of properity of the medical images and notice whether the data are modified. In this paper, we propose a robust watermarking against RST attacks in medical images on the PACS. The proposed scheme modifies and improves Log-Polar Mapping and Fourier Mellin Transform in order to realize and recover serious image degradation and watermark data loss caused by the conversion between cartesian coordinate and log-polar coordinate. We used the radius and theta Look Up Table to solve the realization of the Fourier Mellin Transform, and inserted a watermark into 2D-DFT magnitudes using Spread Spectrum. Experimental results shows that this method are robust to several attack.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.31 no.2C
• /
• pp.130-138
• /
• 2006

In this paper, a new stereo image watermarking scheme based-on adaptive disparity estimation algorithm is proposed. That is, a watermark image is embedded into the right image of a stereo image pair by using the DWT and disparity information is extracted from this watermarked right image and the left image. And then, both of this extracted disparity information and the left image are transmitted to the recipient through the communication channel. At the receiver, the watermarked right image is reconstructed from the received left image and disparity information through an adaptive matching algorithm. a watermark image is finally extracted from this reconstructed right image. From some experiments using CCETT's 'Manege' and 'Friends' images as a stereo image and English alphabet '3DRC' as a watermark image, it is found that the PSNRs of the watermarked image from the reconstructed right images through the adaptive matching algorithm & DWT is improved 2.03 dB, 3.03 dB and robusted against various attacks. These experimental results also suggest a possibility of practical implementation of an adaptive matching also-rithm-based stereo imagewatermarking scheme proposed in this paper.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
• /
• v.42 no.2 s.302
• /
• pp.49-58
• /
• 2005

In this paper, we proposed a blind watermarking algerian to use characteristics of a scalar quantizer which is the recommended in the JPEG2000 and JPEG. The proposed algorithm shifts a quantization index according to the value of each watermark bit to prevent losing the watermark information during the compression by quantization. Therefore, the watermark is embedded during the process of quantization, not an additional process for watermarking, and is adaptively applied as a assigned quantizer according application areas. Before embedding process, a LFSR(Linear feedback shift register) rearranged the watermark for the security of the watermark itself and in the embedding process, a LFSR is used to hide the watermarking positions. Therefore the embedded watermark can he extracted by only the owner who knows the initial value of LFSR without the original image. The visual recognizable pattern such as a binary image was used as the watermark. The experimental results showed that the proposed algerian satisfies the robustness and imperceptibility corresponding to the major requirement of watermarking. The results showed the largest error rate to be $5.7\%$ for attack. The experimental result which compares the proposed algorithm with the Mohamed algorithm showed that the proposed algorithm was better than it, exactly $4\~5$ times for the attacks of JPEG and JPEG2000.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.29 no.9C
• /
• pp.1298-1305
• /
• 2004

Most watermarking techniques embed watermarks in the middle frequency range for robustness and invisibility. In our proposed watermarking algorithms embed the gaussian sequence watermark into low frequency area of the wavelet transform domain because the histogram of low sub-band area is composed by similar coefficients. Also, our proposed scheme doesn't need the original image in extraction procedure The experimental results show good robustness against the Check Mark benchmarking tools.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
• /
• spring
• /
• pp.327-330
• /
• 2002

디지털 워터 마킹은 일반적으로 지적 재산권의 보호를 위해서 컨텐츠 소유자가 자신의 컨텐츠에 저작권 정보를 나타내는 워터마크를 삽입하여 제 3자가 허가 없이 디지털 컨텐츠의 사용을 할 경우 불법적인 사용을 막아내는 데 사용된다. 본 논문에서는 워터마킹 기법의 새로운 적용 예로써 인터넷 또는 무선 환경을 통한 멀티미디어 데이터 전송 시 수신된 데이터의 품질을 사용자 측면에서 측정 할 수 있는 방안, 즉 디지털 워터마킹 기법의 새로운 적용 예에 대하여 고찰하였다. 제안하는 방법은 네트워크 상에서 발생하는 패킷 손실, 지연 등의 통계적 해석으로 수신 된 멀티미디어 데이터의 품질을 평가하는 척도로 사용하는 기존의 방법과는 달리 사용자 측면에서 눈으로 보이는 데이터의 일그러짐 정도나, 음질의 왜곡을 정량적인 측정치로 보여 줄 수 있음으로써, 오디오 데이터의 QoS(Quality of Service)를 보장하기 위한 수단이나 수신품질에 따른 차별화 된 과금 결정 등에 활용할 수 있을 것이다. 이를 위해 본 논문에서는 멀티미디어 데이터의 품질 측정을 위한 블라인드 워터마킹 기법을 적용하고 다양한 비트 에러율 (Bit Error Rate, BER)을 갖는 BSC(Binary Symmetric Channel)에 적용시켜 봄으로써 멀티미디어 데이터에 삽입된 워터마크 신호의 검출정도와 수신된 미디어 신호의 PSNR비가 선형적인 분포를 가지게 됨을 확인 할 수 있었다.