• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.6504-6513
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• 2013

The result can be summarized as follows. First, the following periodically changing characteristics were examined:roof form(gambrel/hipped-flat-gable), structure of roof and wall(wood-framed-cement masonry-RC-Light iron framed), roof material(thatched-tiled-slate-cement/steel sheet-asphalt/sandwich panel/mortar water-proofing), wall material(clay plaster/lime plastered-dressing tile/bricks-painting on the cement plastering-native stone dressing/siding/tile), fence material(masonry of stone and cement bricks), and courtyard materials(clay and concrete). Secondly, the regionally changing characteristics of those elements, rural housing structure, roof form, roof structure material, wall finishing material, fence and courtyard material in the outer space, differed according to the location of rural housing, i.e.north, middle, south region. The changing characteristics of both the roof structure and wall structure are similar to those of the three regions.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.57-65
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• 2016

Domestic photovoltaic system for roof-top is installed towards the south at an angle of 20 to 35 degrees and the shape of PV array is divided into two kinds; a plane shape and a curved shape. This paper aims to understand an actual condition of PV facility and strengths and weaknesses of support structure production and installation and to consider the best PV surface shape by analyzing theoretical logics of these two surface shapes and architectural perspective-based realistic case studies. This study targeted 98 facilities including common houses, public institutions and education institutions. In common houses, all of 59 PV facilities have a plane surface. In public institutions, 7 of 15 PV facilities have a curved array surface and 8 PV facilities have a plane surface. In education institutions, also, 14 of 24 PV facilities have a plane array surface and 10 PV facilities have a curved surface. Most of 98 facilities have a flat roof supporting shape. However, it was found that the curved shape wasn't positive for PV generation due to the change of radial density and it was at least 10 % more expensive to produce its structure. Also, domestic general large single-plate PV facilities have problems of harmony with buildings and wind load. Therefore, it is considered that for fixed-type roof-top PV, a plane PV array shape is good for optimum generation and economic efficiency and a parallel array structure on the roof surface is favorable to wind load and snow load without being a hindrance to the building facade.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.162-165
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• 2016

Ethylene ($C_2H_4$) is a naturally occurring hormone in some fruit. This study was carried out to manufacture ethylene-producing tablets. The Ethylene-producing tablets were manufactured from ethephon and excipient mixtures, including Prosolv, Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) and Crosscamellose. Ethylene production increased with the increases in temperature. In the aspect of pH condition, ethylene productions at pH 7.0 and pH 9.0 were less than 2 ppm. On the other hand, at pH 13.0, ethylene production from the Prosolv, HPMC, and Crosscamellose tablets was 94.05, 126.28, and 100.11 ppm, respectively. The friability of the Prosolv and HPMC tablets were 0.1 and 0.3%, respectively, while the Crosscamellose tablet was 54.1%. indicating that the Crosscarmellose tablet was not appropriate as an ethylene production tablet. In addition, there were huge variations in disintegration times; the Prosolv, Crosscamelose, and HPMC tablets took 1, 5 min, and 7 min more than respectively. Ethylene production was gradually increased up to 20 hr for the Prosolv tablet and then remained stable.

• Geotechnical Engineering
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.93-106
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• 1998

The behavior of axially loaded pile was analyzed by two methodologies: one is the finite difference method using load transfer curves recommended by API(1993) , and the other is the numerical analysis using the FLAC program. From both analyses, load-displacement curves and load distributions along the depth were evaluated appropriately for the measured. The analysis using the FLAC could capture the nonlinearity of load-displacement curve even for unloading and reloading cases, since the unloaded stress paths of fill layer elements occurred on the failure envelop. Futhermore, the measured load transfer curves were compared with the API recommendations and with the calculations obtained front the results of the FLAC analysis for the interpretation of the transfer behavior between the soil and the pile under axial loadings. It was concluded that the atrial behavior of open ended piles at Pusan could be evaluated by both the finite difference analysis using API load transfer curves and the numerical analysis using FLAC.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.5-12
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• 2018

Tests for transient water release and imbibitions measurement were conducted to estimate the unsaturated hydraulic conductivities by using back analysis. By using transient hydraulic characteristics, both the soil water retention curve and hydraulic conductivity fuction can be evaluated effectively and accurately. In this study the experiment for three samples were conducted accurately to measure the change of water content with time for various steps of matric suction. The back analysis calculated the amount of transient flow reliably in comparison with the experimental results. In the soil water retention curve there was no significant difference between the result of back analysis and that of experiment. The hydraulic conductivity function from back analysis was compared with the theoretical relation based on retention curve but they showed much difference. However, the unsaturated hydraulic behavior obtained by the combination of experimental and analytical techniques are considered to agree with the actual behavior.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.184-192
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• 2002

Objective : This study is designed to find out the effects of Carthmi-Flos Herbal acupuncture therapy on shoulder pain. Methods : Under the assumption that Bee-venom Therapy may be effective for treatment seborrheic dermatitis, Bee-venom acupuncture was injected subcutaneously into the lesion including Gv24(神庭), Gv23(上星), Gv22, Gv20(白會), B4(供差), B5(五處), B6(承光), S8(頭維), etc. Results : 1. Female patients were 18 cases and these were more 12 cases than male patients. Fifty aged patients were the most(11 cases, 36.7%). 2. Below 1 month duration of disease was the most(14 cases 46.7%). 3. The effects of treatment by condition of patients was follows : After treatment, Grade IV was decreased 26.7%, Grade III was decreased 6.6% and Grade II was increased 23.3%. 4. The effects of treatment by Duration was follow : Below 1 month & 1 month to 6 month were improved highly. 5. In evaluating of satisfaction, exellent was 6 cases, and good was 19 cases. The percentage of above good was 83.3%. Conclusions : According to the results, Carthmi-Flos Herbal acupuncture may be good effects on the decrease of shoulder pain.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.125-139
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• 1999

It is difficult to evaluate the shear strength of weathered residual soils because of the difficulties of undisturbed sampling. In this study, a sampling device, direct shear box with shoe, was developed in order to get undisturbed samples easily for direct shear tests, and undisturbed samples could be successfully obtained. Through direct shear tests on undisturbed samples, the shear strength was evaluated with the variation of saturated conditions. In order to consider the effect of disturbance on the shear strength, a static compaction device was developed, and then it was found that undisturbed samples show greater shear strengths than the disturbed ones under natural water contents and similar strengths to the ones under soaked conditions. Further, the shear strength evaluated from direct shear tests was compared with the result of triaxial tests on undisturbed samples, and soaked strengths of the former were similar to the latter. As the result of stability analyses on an actual failed slope, it was found that the shear strength can be evaluated reasonably using direct shear box with shoe.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.191-198
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• 2001

The aim of this research was to examine the thermal performance of the flat roof in proportion to various directional changes, the results of which were drawn from the miniature model experiment. In this process, various thermal environmental factors were measured and compared with one another to research their aspects of changes. The brief results of this research are as follows: 1) The indoor temperature and load per hour in proportion to directional changes shows the same degree of changes. As for the results of the clear-sky and cloudy-sky experiments, both of them generally appear advantageous in the order of S, $S-30^{\cire}C$-E, $S-30^{\cire}C$-W, $S-60^{\cire}C$-W, E, $S-60^{\cire}C$-E, despite slight differences in the indoor temperature and load per hour in proportion to directional changes. 2) As for the total load of degree day per direction of the clear-sky and cloudy-sky experiments, both of them shows their advantageous results in the order of S, $S-30^{\cire}C$-E, $S-30^{\cire}C$-W, $S-60^{\cire}C$-W, E, $S-60^{\cire}C$-E, despite minor differences in their loads. 3) As for the peak load of degree hour, while the clear-sky experiment shows its advantage in the order of $S-30^{\cire}C$-E, S, $-30^{\cire}C$-W, $S-60^{\cire}C$-W, E, $S-60^{\cire}C$-E, the cloudy-sky experiment does so in the order of S, $S-30^{\cire}C$-E, $S-30^{\cire}C$-W, E, $S-60^{\cire}C$-W, $S-60^{\cire}C$-E.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.29 no.12
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• pp.77-85
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• 2013

Unsaturated slopes experience infiltration during rainfall and become unstable when saturated. On the viewpoint of unsaturated effective stress, as matric suction decreases, both effective stress and shear strength decrease, which declines slope stability consequently. This study is focused on describing effective stress based on suction stress. The actual slope failures are simulated to calculate factors of safety in the field of finite element stress. In the residual soils of Hadong and Pohang, unsaturated properties are evaluated by laboratory tests. For unsaturated slopes, analyses of infiltration, stress and stability were performed to simulate actual failures. Based on unsaturated effective stress principle, the stability of actual slopes could be evaluated successfully. It is verified for the effective stress concept to be applicable to the engineering practice on slope design which considers infiltration by rainfall.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.244-251
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• 2014

In this study, we give a detailed account of normal and abnormal state of GIS(Gas Insulated Switch-gear) using the preventive diagnostic technology. And it is based on the analysis and diagnosis for storing data of GIS by intelligent GIS monitoring system. The wave shape of GIS sound is similar to noise and is systematically generated by discharge and its corona sound. Therefore, in this paper, to classify normal and abnormal GIS sound. We could discriminate between normal and abnormal case using level crossing rate(LCR) and spectrogram energy rate.