• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.599-604
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• 2015

This study was conducted the vegetation clustering analysis for the 3 mountains of Mt. Bulam, Mt. Daemo, Mt. Bonghwa which were the urban forests of Seoul. Based on the results of the analysis related to the vegetation clustering, it was found that the clustering of Mt. Bulam consisted of pine trees(Pinus densiflora)-Mongolian oak(Quercus mongolica), Hornb eam(Carpinus laxiflora)-Pitch pine(P. rigida), oriental oak(Q. variabilis) - a wild pear tree(Sorbus alnifolia) while the clustering of Mt. Daemo consisted of Pitch pine-Japanese larch(Larix leptolepis), Poplar(Populus tomentig landulosa)- black birch(Betula davurica pall). Meanwhile, the clustering of Mt. Bonghwa consisted of pine trees-a wild pear tree Community and Sawtooth oak(Q. acutissima)-Cherry Blossoms(Prunus serrulata). In relation to the similarity index by region in Mt. Bulam, Mt. Daemo, and Mt. Bonghwa, the similarity index of Mt. Bulam and Mt. Daemo stood at as high as 0.634, suggesting the distribution of similar vegetation, and the dominance index of the Mt. Daemo region was found to be 0.166 which suggests the dominance of many species compared to other regions. In addition, the results of species diversity showed that Mt. Daemo had the highest stability, and the species diversity, maximum species diversity, evenness indices were highest in Mt. Bulam, followed by Mt. Bonghwa and Mt. Daemo. The dominance index was the lowest in Mt. Bulam, followed by Mt. Bonghwa and Mt. Daemo.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Environment and Ecology Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.110-114
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• 2003

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture Conference
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• 2015.11a
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• pp.39-40
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• 2015

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.51-61
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• 2016

This study was carried out to assess the carbon budget of two urban parks and one natural park and to prepare the plan for improving the ecological functions of the park including carbon sink. Net Ecosystem Production (NEP) of those study sites was calculated from the relationship between Net Primary Production (NPP) and soil respiration of each study site. To understand carbon budget of the whole area designated as the park, carbon budget of the urban park was analyzed by classifying the vegetated and the non-vegetated zones. NEP of the Nohae and the Sanggye parks calculated by reflecting areal size that the non-vegetated zones occupy were shown in -1.0 and $0.6\;ton\;C\;ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$, respectively. On the other hand, NEP of Mt. Bulam natural park as a reference site was in $2.3\;ton\;C\;ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$. Based on the result, the Nohae park was assessed as carbon source rather than carbon sink. On the other hand, the Sanggye park was classified as carbon sink but the role was poor compared with natural park. The result is, first of all, due to lower NPP of the vegetation introduced for the parks compared with natural vegetation. The other reason is due to wide arrangement of non-vegetated zone. To solve those problems and thereby to create the urban park with high ecological quality, selection of plant species suitable for the ecological characteristic of the park, their arrangement imitated natural vegetation, and ecological zoning were recommended.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.284-293
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• 2020

We present a quantitative survey of the carbon storage and absorption capacity of tree species in the vegetation conservation and ecological restoration areas of Bulamsan urban nature park in Nowon-gu, Seoul. The density of the sawtooth oak (Quercus acutissima) community in the ecological conservation area is approximately 30 individuals/225 ㎡, while a further 20 species, such as Japanese snowbell (Styrax obassia), galcham oak (Quercus aliena), Asian Sweetleaf (Symplocos chinensis f. pilosa), East Asian ash (Fraxinus rhynchophylla), and Korean rhododendron (Rhododendron mucronulatum) are sparsely distributed. In contrast, the ecological restoration sites typically comprised Mongolian oak (Quercus mongolica), jolcham oak (Quercus serrata), and East Asian ash (Fraxinus rhynchophylla) plantations, with planting densities of 8.3, 7.7, and 14.3 individuals/25 ㎡ , respectively. Approximately 10 species, including Amur maple (Acer tataricum subsp. ginnala), Korean mountain ash (Sorbus alnifolia), Japanese spice bush (Lindera obtusiloba), and Korean rhododendron (Rhododendron mucronulatum) were identified in the ecologically restored area. The total amounts of carbon stored by the trees in the vegetation conservation and ecological restoration sites are 250.77 and 19.3 t C ha-1, respectively, and the total annual carbon uptakes are 10.28 and 2.33 t C ha-1 yr-1, respectively. The survey results are expected to provide important basic data for monitoring the carbon absorption capacity and carbon balance of green areas in the city.

• Proceedings of the KSEG Conference
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.201-210
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• 2002

서울시 북동부의 서울화강암에 대한 암반 공학적 특성 중 터널과 도로 건설시 중요하게 취급되는 절리의 방향성, 절리간격, 절리밀도, 암석의 일축압축강도, 그리고 RQD 값을 수락산과 불암산지역으로 구분하여 비교, 분석하였다. 이 중 절리의 방향성, 절리간격과 절리밀도는 선조사법, 원형조사법, 그리고 면적조사법을 이용하여 야외에서 직접 측정하였다. 암석의 일축압축강도와 RQD의 측정은 시추코아의 표본이 필요하지만 이번 연구에서는 간단히 응용할 수 있는 대비공식을 이용하여 계산하였다. 측정된 대표적인 절리의 방향성은 두 지역에서 모두 3조의 방향성이 나타났으며 즉 2조의 수직정방절리와 저각으로 경사하는 1조의 판상절리로 판명되었으며 두 지역에서 서로 유사한 방향성을 갖는다. 측정된 절리밀도는 0.039-0.066/cm이었으며, 평균절리길이는 1.30-4.52m, 그리고 평균절리간격은 10.3cm에서 최대 59.6cm로 측정된 절리의 방향에 따라 변화가 심하다 또한 슈미트 해머 타격값에 근거한 절리면의 일축압축강도는 217 MPa에서 335 MPa로 매우 강한 암체였으며, 평균절리간격에 기초하여 계산된 이론적 RQD 값은 73.1-98.7%의 값을 갖는 것으로 나타났다.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.603-612
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• 1997

Cretaceous sedimentary-volcanoclastic formations of the Kyeongsang Supergroup were intruded by granitic rocks in the late Cretaceous and early Tertiary. In the Euiseong and Shinryeong area, these intrusives have various compositions including gabbro, diorite，biotite granite and feldspar porphyry. Associated volcanic rocks consist of two chemically distinct types: the bimodal suite of basalt and rhyolite in the Keumseongsan caldera, and the felsic suite of andesite and rhyolite in the Sunamsan-Hwasan calderas. Most rocks are subalkaline, and follow a typical differentiation path of the calc-alkaline magma. The granitic rocks can be distinguished chemically from the volcanics by high Zr/Y ratios. Differences in Zr/Y and K/Y ratios between the two volcanic suites can be accounted for by mantle source and fractionation. Chondrite-normalized trace element abundances of granitic rocks are depleted in Th and K, whereas those of the Keumseongsan rhyolites are depleted in Sr and Ti. Rb, La and Ce is enriched in rhyolites of the Sunamsan-Hwasan calderas. $Rb-SiO_2$ and Rb-Y+Nb discrimination diagrams suggest that the intrusives and volcanics have a volcanic arc setting. K-Ar ages indicate four plutonic episodes : diorite (89 Ma), granite (66~62 Ma), granite and porphyry (55~52 Ma) and gabbro (52~45 Ma), and two volcanisms : bimodal basaltic and rhyolitic volcanism (71~66 Ma) in the Keumseongsan caldera, and felsic andesitic and rhyolitic volcanism (61~54 Ma) in the Sunamsan-Hwasan calderas. Geochemical and age data thus suggest that the igneous rocks are related to several geologic episodes during the late Cretaceous to early Tertiary.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.170-187
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to provide a basic datd for establishing a basic park management plan for Bulamsan Urban Nature Park. This research surveys very closely about the present condition of the natural ecosystem based on the examination and analysis of the present condition. This research suggests development and management methods for environment-friendly park by understanding damages on the ecosystem due to overuse, as well as park facilities and their effects on the surrounding environment, using quantative analysis. The three steps: researching the present condition research, ecosystem evaluation, and park management plan were taken in order. The present condition research is based on the general condition, natural environment, and natural ecosystem data. In the ecosystem evaluation, wildlife habitats evaluation, landscape evaluation, and biotope type research which is a materialized form of the plant ecosystem were excuted based on the present condition research data. In the park management plan step, 1) classified ecosystem and landscae preservation zone, ecosystem protection zone and ecosystem restoration zone as ecosystem and landscape preservation plan, 2) plannings for ecosystem, fine landscape preservation, damaged area restoration and recovery plan were established in order to suggest environment-friendly plan,

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.226-229
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• 1988

More than one-hundred-twenty specimens of Basidiomycetes, Ascomycetes and slime molds were collected in Seoul National Polytechnic University Campus during the priod from June 1984 to November 1987 and examined for identity. They were classified into 25 families, 53 genera and 81 species. Among them, one genus and 2 species were confirmed as unrecorded taxa in Korea. The unrecorded genus was genus Hapalopilus and was named 'Band Dal Busut' in vernacular. The unrecorded 2 species were Hapalopilus rutilans and Hygrophorus nitratus. They were named 'No Lan Ban Dal Busut' and 'Jil San Beot Geot Busut,' respectively and their characteristics were here reported.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.762-768
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to analyze the soil $CO_2$ efflux and micro-climate of a preserved forest area located in a Mt. bulam urban nature park Quercus acutissima stand from June 2013 to May 2014. The research showed that the soil and heterotrophic $CO_2$ efflux were $28.14{\pm}7.99$ to $582.47{\pm}318.51$ and $12.32{\pm}8.04$ to $415.71{\pm}159.92mg\;CO_2{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}h^{-1}$, respectively. In addition the seasonal soil $CO_2$ efflux of summer, autumn, winter, spring were 1169.1, 454.81, 72.08 and $494.23g\;CO_2{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}month^{-1}$, respectively. On the other hand, the seasonal heterotrophic $CO_2$ efflux were 526.20, 340.09, 45.13 and $374.9g\;CO_2{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}month^{-1}$, respectively. Moreover, the annual soil and heterotrophic $CO_2$ efflux was found to be 2190.22 and $1286.33g\;CO_2{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}yr^{-1}$, respectively. The exponential function was also utilized for the regression analysis in order to correlate the environmental factors with the soil and heterotrophic $CO_2$ efflux. It was found out that both air and soil temperatures were positively correlated with the soil and heterotrophic $CO_2$ efflux. However, the amount of solar radiation and soil moisture has showed low correlation for both types of $CO_2$ efflux. Contribution of root $CO_2$ efflux to total soil $CO_2$ efflux in this Quercus acutissima stand was 33.60%.