• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.155-162
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to determine the walking imbalance using the EMG(electromyogram). To confirm the effectiveness of the proposed encoder and acceleration, EMG sensor based gait imbalance determination system. This experiment was carried out to evaluation with a healthy adult male to 10 people. The Encoder device is attached to the hip and knee joint in order to measure the gait signal. The Accelerometer sensors are attached on the ankle. The EMG sensors are attached on the vastus lateralis and anterior tibialis. SI(Symmetry Index) was used as an index for determining the gait imbalance. To confirm if the judgment has been made correctly, the heel, regarded as the cause of unbalanced ambulation, was adjusted from 0 cm to 6 cm with intervals of 1.5 cm. In the cases of the encoder and the EMG, the difference of 0 cm and 1.5 cm is determined into normal walk but the other difference is distinguished into gait imbalance. In the case of the accelerometer, the difference of 0 cm, 1.5 cm and 3 cm is determined into normal walk but the other difference is distinguished into gait imbalance.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.73-91
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• 2009

In this paper, we attempt to study the trend of regional disparity among Chinese provinces and examine the effects of globalization on the disparities adapting panel data approach. The panel data set utilized consists of the annual variables of 29 provinces during 18 years from 1990 to 2007. The trend of inter-provincial disparities in the 1990s with the expansive trend but the trend has started to decrease since 2000. The results of the China case study show clearly that the provincial international trade level and ratio variables perform on regional income disparities remarkably in all cases. It means that the large development of international trade do with increased among provincial disparity. While due to the large area in the provinces, there exist urban-rural disparities within provinces could be one of the main source of regional disparities. Therefore, along with western regions development policy various development policies against small cities are necessary for balanced regional economic growth in China.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.291-298
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• 2006

패턴인식 문제에서 한 범주에 속한 데이터의 수가 다른 범주에 속한 데이터의 수보다 극히 많거나 적으면 데이터 불균형이 발생했다고 한다. Support Vector Machine(SVM)은 다른 기계 학습 알고리즘들과 마찬가지로 학습에 사용되는 데이터의 범주간 비율이 거의 비슷하다는 가정 하에서 학습을 하고 예측 결과를 도출하게 된다. 그러나 실제 문제에서는 데이터의 불균형이 발생하는 경우가 매우 빈번하며, 이러한 경우에는 모델의 성능이 매우 저하되는 문제점이 발생한다. 본 논문에서는 실제로 데이터 불균형이 SVM의 분류 결과에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 2차원 인공 데이터를 통하여 알아본다. 그리고 이러한 데이터 불균형을 해소하기 위하여 Under-Sampling 기반 앙상블 SVM을 제안하였다. 제안된 방법을 두 가지 인공 데이터에 적용하여 본 결과, 제안된 방법은 데이터 불균형을 해소하기 위해 사용되는 기존의 방법들에 비하여 소수 범주에 속하는 데이터의 수가 매우 적고 데이터의 불균형이 매우 심한 경우에도 높은 성능과 안정성을 갖는 효과적인 방법이라는 것이 입증되었다.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2023.10a
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• pp.546-551
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• 2023

일반적으로 딥러닝 모델은 모든 라벨에 데이터 수가 균형을 이룰 때 가장 좋은 성능을 보인다. 그러나 현실에서는 특정라벨에 대한 데이터가 부족한 경우가 많으며 이로 인해 불균형 데이터 문제가 발생한다. 이에 대한 해결책으로 오버샘플링과 가중치 손실과 같은 데이터 불균형 기법이 연구되었지만 이러한 기법들은 데이터가 적은 라벨의 성능을 개선하는 동시에 데이터가 많은 라벨의 성능을 저하시키는 부작용을 가지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 이 문제를 완화시키고자 어텐션 기반의 앙상블 기법을 제안한다. 어텐션 기반의 앙상블은 데이터 불균형 기법을 적용한 모델과 적용하지 않은 모델의 출력 값을 가중 평균하여 최종 예측을 수행한다. 이때 가중치는 어텐션 메커니즘을 통해 동적으로 조절된다. 그로므로 어텐션 기반의 앙상블 모델은 입력 데이터 특성에 따라 가중치를 조절할 수가 있다. 실험은 에세이 자동 평가 데이터를 대상으로 수행하였다. 실험 결과로는 제안한 모델이 데이터 불균형 기법의 부작용을 완화하고 성능이 개선되었다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.75-79
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• 2006

The Purpose of the study is to analyze the change of the unbalanced national development by the construction of multifunctional administrative city and innovation cities. In this study, index of unbalanced national development is measured by unbalanced distribution of population on national land. Gini's coefficient is used to measure the unbalanced distribution of population. As a result, the construction of multifunctional administrative city and innovation cities will relieve the unbalanced national development. but the effect will be insignificant. For the relief of unbalanced national development, various policy and strategy will have to develop.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.567-577
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• 2019

Recently, more and more attempts have been made to solve the problems faced by academia and industry through machine learning. Accordingly, various attempts are being made to solve non-general situations through machine learning, such as deviance, fraud detection and disability detection. A variety of attempts have been made to resolve the non-normal situation in which data is distributed disproportionately, generally resulting in errors. In this paper, we propose handling method of imbalance data for machine learning. The proposed method to such problem of an imbalance in data by verifying that the population distribution of major class is well extracted. Performance Evaluations have proven the proposed method to be better than the existing methods.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.48 no.11
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• pp.861-871
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• 2020

Raising the speed of the momentum wheel in the CMG increases the unintended force and torque caused by mass imbalance. This unintended force and torque should be minimized to get the better quality of satellite SAR image because they lead to the vibration of the output image. This paper shows the works on compensating the static imbalance and couple mass imbalance in the CMG wheel. First, the force and torque at the center of mass generated by the mass imbalance were predicted through M&S analysis. Second, the force and torque were estimated similarly through the M&S analysis when the measurement point was moved from the rotation center. Third, the measurement configuration for the force and torque by the mass imbalance was described. Fourth, the change of the force and torque by adding the specified mass to the momentum wheel was observed after comparing the measurements with the results of the M&S. And finally, the effect of the compensation was analyzed by comparing the force and torque before and after the correction while 24Nm class CMG was running in the standby mode.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.179-186
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• 2008

In this paper we analyse the effects of Bayesian algorithm in teaming class imbalance problems and compare the performance evaluation methods. The teaming performance of the Bayesian algorithm is evaluated over the class imbalance problems generated by priori data distribution, imbalance data rate and discrimination complexity. The experimental results are calculated by the AUC(Area Under the Curve) values of both ROC(Receiver Operator Characteristic) and PR(Precision-Recall) evaluation measures and compared according to imbalance data rate and discrimination complexity. In comparison and analysis, the Bayesian algorithm suffers from the imbalance rate, as the same result in the reported researches, and the data overlapping caused by discrimination complexity is the another factor that hampers the learning performance. As the discrimination complexity and class imbalance rate of the problems increase, the learning performance of the AUC of a PR measure is much more variant than that of the AUC of a ROC measure. But the performances of both measures are similar with the low discrimination complexity and class imbalance rate of the problems. The experimental results show 4hat the AUC of a PR measure is more proper in evaluating the learning of class imbalance problem and furthermore gets the benefit in designing the optimal learning model considering a misclassification cost.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.501-508
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• 2008

Small injection molded articles such as lens and mobile product parts are usually molded in multi-cavity mold. The problem occurring in multi-cavity molding is flow unbalance among the cavities. The flow unbalance affects the dimensions and physical properties of molded articles. First of all, the origin of flow unbalance is geometrical unbalance of the delivery system. However, even the geometry of the delivery system is well balanced, cavity unbalance occurs. This comes from the temperature distributions in the cross-section of runner. Temperature distribution depends upon injection speed because heat generation near runner wall is high at high injection speed. Among the operational conditions, injection speed is the most significant process variable affecting the filling unbalances in multi-cavity injection molding. In this study, experimental study of flow unbalance has been conducted for various injection speeds and materials. Also, the filling unbalances were compared with CAE results. The dimensions and weights of multi-cavity molded parts were examined. The results showed that the filling unbalances vary according to the injection speeds and resins. Subsequently, the unbalanced filling and pressure distribution in the multi-cavity affect the dimensions and physical states of molded parts.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.463-471
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of muscle imbalance on motion of back squat. The isokinetic muscle strength of the 8 subjects was recorded for the knee flexion/extension by the cybex 770 dynamometer. Each subject performed 3 back squats with the long barbell with an intensity of 25% body weight(BW), 50%BW, 100%BW, 125%BW. During the back squat through the recorded kinematic data the subjects' maximum flexion and extension knee angle, center of mass displacement and V-COP were calculated for evaluation of the stability of the movement. For the statistical analysis independent t-test was used. Knee flexion angle and COM displacement are dominated by the reciprocal muscle ratio. V-COP factor was dominated by bilateral extension deficit. Based on the results we can know that as the intensity of the squat increased to a level control was difficult because the muscles' imbalance influenced the movement.