• Aerospace Engineering and Technology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.28-34
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• 2010

All pixels of image sensor do not react uniformly when the light of same radiance enters into the camera. This non-uniformity has a direct influence on the image quality. However we can overcome it by calibration process under the special test-setup. Usually it is used the algorithm to get the correction coefficients under the specific illumination condition. But, this method has drawback in the very low or very high illumination due to pixel non-linearity. This paper describes the robust algorithm, which calculates the correction coefficients based on the pixel non-linearity model, against thew hole radiance. The paper shows the non-uniformity test results with the own camera and the specified test equipments as well. The results shows the best performance over the entire radiance when this method is applied.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.146-158
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• 2022

The detector of a focal-plane-array mid-wave infrared (MWIR) camera has different response characteristics for each detector pixel, resulting in nonuniformity between detector pixels. In addition, image nonuniformity occurs due to heat generation inside the camera during operation. To solve this problem, in the process of camera manufacturing it is common to use a gain-and-offset table generated from a blackbody to correct the difference between detector pixels. One method of correcting nonuniformity due to internal heat generation during the operation of the camera generates a new offset value based on input frame images. This paper proposes a technique for dividing an input image into block image patches and generating offset values using only homogeneous patches, to correct the nonuniformity that occurs during camera operation. The proposed technique may not only generate a nonuniformity-correction offset that can prevent motion marks due to camera-gaze movement of the acquired image, but may also improve nonuniformity-correction performance with a small number of input images. Experimental results show that distortion such as flow marks does not occur, and good correction performance can be confirmed even with half the number of input images or fewer, compared to the traditional method.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2007.10a
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• pp.429-430
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• 2007

FPA (Focal Plane Arrary)를 이용한 적외선 영상 획득 시스템에서 발생하는 주요 잡음 중 하나는 영상에 존재하는 공간적 고정 패턴 잡음(SFPN, Spatial Fixed Pattern Noise)이다. 이것이 발생하는 주된 요인은 배열을 이루고 있는 각 검출기들과, FPA 출력단에 있는 증폭기의 입출력 응답이 균일하지 않고, 시간이 흐름에 따라 그 응답특성이 변화하기 때문이다. 이 문제를 극복하기 위하여 일반적으로 교정기반 불균일 보정 방법(CBNUC, Calibration Based Nonuniformity Correction)과 장면기반 불균일 보정방법(SBNUC, Scene Based Nonuniformity Correction)이 사용된다. 본 논문은 CBNUC를 사용하는 시스템의 FPA 출력단 회로에 구성된 복수의 증폭기에 존재하는 이득의 차이 및 잡음에 의한 불균일을 보정하기 위한 보간 기법을 제안한다. 실험을 통하여 제안한 기법이 CBNUC 기반 적외선 영상 시스템에서 발생하는 규칙적인 패턴의 SFPN을 효율적으로 제거하는 것을 확인하였다. 또한, 제안한 기법은 CBNUC 기반 적외선 영상 시스템에서 주기적으로 수행해야하는 단일점보정 (OPC, One Point Correction)의 수행횟수를 줄이고, 연산량도 적어 실시간 시스템 구현이 가능하다.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.57-66
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• 2011

Purpose : A new inhomogeneity correction method based on two-point Dixon sequence is proposed to obtain water and fat images at 0.35T, low field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system. Materials and Methods : Joint phase-magnitude density function (JPMF) is obtained from the in-phase and out-of-phase images by the two-point Dixon method. The range of the water signal is adjusted from the JPMF, and 3D inhomogeneity map is obtained from the phase of corresponding water volume. The 3D inhomogeneity map is used to correct the inhomogeneity field iteratively. Results : The proposed water-fat imaging method was successfully applied to various organs. The proposed 3D inhomogeneity correction algorithm provides good performances in overall multi-slice images. Conclusion : The proposed water-fat separation method using JPMF is robust to field inhomogeneity. Three dimensional inhomogeneity map and the iterative inhomogeneity correction algorithm improve water and fat imaging substantially.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.948-958
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• 2010

Human body signals collected by the MRI system are very weak, such that they may be easily affected by either external noise or system instability while being imaged. Therefore, this paper analyzes the nonuniformity caused by a design of the RF receiving coil in a low-magnetic-field MRI system, and proposes an efficient method to improve the image uniformity. In this paper, a method for acquiring 3D bias volume data by using phantom data among various methods for correcting such nonuniformity in MRI image is proposed, such that it is possible to correct various-sized images. It is shown by simulations that images obtained by various imaging methods can be effectively corrected using single bias data.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.29-33
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• 2007

All pixels of image sensor do not react uniformly even if the light of same radiance enters into the camera. This non-uniformity comes from the sensor pixel non-uniformity and non-uniformity induced by the changing transmission of the telescope over the field. The first contribution to the non-uniformity has high spatial frequency nature and has an influence on the result and quality of the data compression. The second source of non-uniformity has low frequency nature and has no influence of the compression result. As the contribution resulting from the sensor PRNU(Photo Response Non-Uniformity) is corrected inside the camera electronics, the effect of the remaining non-uniformity to the compression result will be negligible. The non-uniformity correction result shall have big difference according to the sensor modeling and the calculation method to get correction coefficient. Usually, the sensor can be modeled with one dimensional coefficients which are a gain and a offset for each pixel. Only two measurements are necessary theoretically to get coefficients. However, these are not the optimized value over the whole illumination level. This paper proposes the algorithm to calculate the optimized non-uniformity correction coefficients over whole illumination radiance. The proposed algorithm uses several measurements and the least square method to get the optimum coefficients. The proposed algorithm is verified using the own camera electronics including sensor, electrical test equipment and optical test equipment such as the integrating sphere.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.11-16
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• 2000

In this paper, a real-time implementation of scene-based non-uniformity correction by digital technique is proposed for microscan-mode staring infrared cameras. Most scene-based non-uniformity correction algorithms, without sensor motion, can not be applied to stationary scenes because of image blurring and fading. Using microscanning effect, coupled with a modified version of Scribner's algorithm, the proposed technique can correct the artifacts and non-uniformities in real time Computer simulations and hardware experiments demonstrate substantial Improvement of image qualities in stationary as well as moving scenes.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.269-275
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• 2022

In ideal configuration, elapsed-time method can measure the exact reaction wheel speed. But in real configuration, the speed measurement error exists due to tacho pulse non-uniformity. In this research, we study the method which overcome the non-uniformity effects. First, we introduce the method which spin the wheel at the specific speed and measure the non-uniformity. Then, we propose the real-time measurement error correction method which uses the obtained non-uniformity information. This method calculate the speed candidates from the elapsed-time method's counts and non-uniformity information, and choose the closest speed to the real speed. Through simulation, we show that proposed method measure the exact speed regardless of non-uniformity, and fast wheel speed control is possible.

• Aerospace Engineering and Technology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.98-102
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• 2012

These days, Uncooled IR Systems are more popular in the area of defense and aerospace than before. Uncooled IR Systems are widely used as core technology for making unmanned systems and detecting enemy objects during the day and night in the distance. Recently, researches on TEC-less IRFPA have been increased to minimize the power consumption and to make a smaller system than before. For this, it needs to find adequate NUC(Non-Uniformity Correction) coefficients as FPA(Focal Plane Array) temperature changes. In this paper, we propose a new NUC coefficient estimating technique, DCCE-LI(Dynamic Calibration Coefficients Estimation with Linear Interpolation), for TEC-less IRFPA. It is based on a linear interpolation method and it can estimate NUC coefficients in real-time. So, by testing and evaluating it with some IR images, we conclude that the quality of IR images using proposed method is better than applying static coefficients.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of IIIuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.172-174
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• 2008

대표적인 신광으로 일컬어지는 LED는 기존 광원과는 달리 다수의 LED 소자가 모여 하나의 광원을 구성하여 조명기구를 이루는 형태를 가지고 있으며 이에 따라 높은 휘도와 낮은 휘도가 반복되는 발광 형태를 가지게 된다. 이러한 불균일한 휘도를 가지는 광원의 경우 일반적인 균일 휘도 광원에 사용되던 UGR의 평가치가 그대로 적용되는 것은 적절하지 못한 글레어의 평가가 이루어질 수 있다. 따라서 이에 대한 보정이 실행되어야 한다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 불균일한 휘도를 가지는 광원에 대해 UGR 글레어 평가식을 보정하기 위한 실험을 수행할 수 있는 실험실을 구성하고 이에 대한 과정을 서술하였다.