• Title/Summary/Keyword: 분획화

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The Application of Island Biogeography and Habitat Fragmentation Theory to the Conservation of Protected Areas in Korea (우리나라 보호지역의 보존에 대한 도서생물지리학과 서식처 분획화 이론의 적용)

  • 김용식;마이클모운더
    • Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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    • v.6 no.1
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    • pp.12-24
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    • 1992
  • The application of island biogepgraphy and habitat fragmentation theory to protected area management in Korea is discussed. The accelerating destruction and degradation of natural habitats, with the associated erosion of biodiversity, demands and urgent response and a critical review of attitudes to protected area management. The flora of Korea will continue to change in both distribution and status in response to these man induced changes. The conservation and management of ecosystems, because of the variety of threats and the varying levels of biodiversity to be conserved, requires an integrated approach. Such an approach assesses the variety of threats, prevalent and potential, and responds with a strategy combining habitat, species and population management. The application of island biogeography, habitat fragmentation and edge effects theory to conservation strategies in Korea will assist in the understanding of the dynamic relationships between the isolation. degradation and fragmentation of surviving habitat patches. The application of such approaches is discussed with recommendations made for the adoption of an increasingly scientific approach to plant conservation based upon a knowledge of the conservation status and distribution characteristics of the Korean flora. Such data combined with demographic studies on topics such as Minimum Viable Population Size will allow an integrated approach to plant and habitat conservation to progress.

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Tree Species Distribution Based on Village Forest Types and Management Status - A Case Study of Village Forests in Gyeongsan City - (마을숲 유형에 따른 수종분포와 관리현황 - 경산시 마을숲을 대상으로 -)

  • Yi, Myung-Hoon;Kim, Yong-Shik;Shin, Hyun-Tak
    • Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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    • v.23 no.6
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    • pp.577-584
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    • 2009
  • This study was conducted to verify the types of village forest in Gyeongsan City, North Gyeongsang Province, and a total of 32 village forests were investigated. The result indicated that village forests in Gyeongsan City can be classified as 8 village enterance forests(25.0%), 6 hillside forests(18.8%), 7 streamside forests(21.9%), and 11 village peripheral forests(34.4%). The major tree species in the village enterance forests are as follows: Zelkova serrata(34.3%), Ginkgo biloba(11.2%) and Robinia pseudoacacia(10.5%). The major tree species in hillside forests are: Pinus densiflora(56.8%), Quercus acutissima(26.4%) and Zelkova serrata(4.3%). The major tree species in the streamside forests are: Zelkova serrata(40.4%), Salix chaenomeloides var. chaenomeloides(27.1%) and Cornus wateri(5.5%). The major tree species in the village peripheral forests are: Zelkova serrata(21.7%), Quercus acutissima(10.8%) and Cornus walteri(8.9%). The habitat fragmentation due to transportation infrastructure, the function of habitats for village forests has deteriorated. In order to improve it, the management plan should be implemented and the seedlings of village forest trees should be carefully selected and propagated. Furthermore, the public should be educated about the importance of preserving and developing those village forests.

Effects of subfractions of Coptidis Rhizoma extract on the nitric oxide production in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglial cells (황련 추출물의 분획화 및 BV2 microglial cells에서 LPS에 의해 유도되는 nitric oxide 생성억제효과 검정)

  • Jung, Hyo-Won;Park, Yong-Ki
    • The Korea Journal of Herbology
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    • v.22 no.2
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    • pp.73-78
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    • 2007
  • Objectives : Uncontrolled activation of microglia may directly toxic to neurons by releasing various substances such as inflammatory cytokines, nitric oxide(NO), prostaglandin E2 and superoxide. In this study, the effects of the several subfractions isolated from Coptidis Rhizoma extract were investigated on NO production in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglial cells, Methods : Coptidis Rhizoma extract prepared with 80% methanol, and then fractionated with ethylacetate, chloroform, n-butanol and water. BV2 cells were pretreated four subfractions of Coptidis Rhizoma with various concentrations, and then stimulated with LPS. Cytotoxicity of each fraction was measured by MTT assay. NO production was determined in culture surpernatants by Griess reagent. Results : Ethylacetate, chloroform and butanol fractions of Coptidis Rhizoma extract significantly decreased LPS-induced NO production in BV2 cells as a dose-dependent manner without cytotoxicity. Ethylacetate fraction of Coptidis Rhizoma extract was most effective on inhibition of NO production in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells compared with other fractions. Conclusion : This data indicates that Ethylacetate fraction of Coptidis Rhizoma extract shows strong antiinflammatory effects through inhibition of LPS-induced microglial activation.

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Effects of Serum Fractions Separated by Molecular Weight on the Development of Mouse Embryos Fertilized In Vitro (분자량에 따라 분획화된 혈청성분이 생쥐 체외수정란의 발생에 미치는 영향)

  • 한정호;정구민
    • Journal of Embryo Transfer
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    • v.9 no.1
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    • pp.127-137
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    • 1994
  • This study was carried out to investigate the inhibiting or promoting effect of fetal bovine serum fractionated by the molecular weight and to examine the effect of reconstruction of serum fractions on the development of 1- and 2-cell mouse embryos fertilized in vitro (IVEE) . The serum was separated by ultrafiltration or gel filtration methods and added in m-KRB medium for culture of IVFE. The developemental ability(cavitation and hatching) of embryos following culture of day 4 and 6 was compared among fractions. Small molecular weight fraction( <3 kDa) significantly inhibited the development of 1-and 2-cell IVFE to the blastocyst stages, compared with other fractions. One-cell IVFE were more sensitively damaged than 2-cell embryos by that fraction and arrested mainly at 2~4 cell stages. Moreover, small amount(<3%,v /v) of the inhibiting fraction acted even with protein rich fraction(100~30 kDa) and arrested the embryonic development. On the other hand, 100~30 kDa fraction promoted the embryonic development and no inhibiting effect was observed at the level of 50%(v /v) in culture medium In the experiment of gel filtraton, =30 kDa fraction showed the highest promoting effect on the embryonic development, but <4 kDa fraction inhibited significantly the development. These results suggest that serum contains not only small molecular weight inhibitory component(s) but also promoting one rather than albumin on embryonic development. And serum can be more effectively used in the IVF program after removal of inhibitory component(s) by one of above separation methods.

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The Establishment of Conservation Area and Conservation Strategy in Ulnung Island(II) -Habitat Situation and Morphological Characteristics of Cotoneaster Wilsonii Nakai in Ulnung Island- (울릉도의 보전지역 설정 및 보전전략(II) -섬개야광나무 서식처현황 및 형태적 특성-)

  • 신현탁;김용식;유지현
    • Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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    • v.17 no.2
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    • pp.133-143
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    • 2003
  • The three wild populations including unrecorded two wild populations and Do-dong population, where designated as a Natural Monument NO 51, of Cotoneaster wilsonii in Ulnung Island were studied. The population at Yilmoldae, western coast of the island is in the threat by the visitors, while the population at Tonggumi is well conserved due to the geomorphologically difficult to access . The existing 25 to 50 maturing individuals are are potentially vital sources fer the island species recovery projects in the future. There are no statistical difference in the floral characteristics of the species such as both length and width of the petals, while statistical difference were shown from the leaf characteristics such as length, width and area of the leaves in the three studies areas.

Fabrication of Fluorescent Labeled Bi-compartmental Particles via the Micromolding Method (미세 성형 방법을 이용한 형광 표지된 이중 분획 입자의 제조)

  • Shim, Gyurak;Jeong, Seong-Geun;Hong, Woogyeong;Kang, Koung-Ku;Lee, Chang-Soo
    • Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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    • v.56 no.6
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    • pp.826-831
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    • 2018
  • This study presents fabrication of bi-compartmental particles labeled by multiple fluorescence. To compartmentalize fluorescent expression at the particle, two fluorescent dyes with less overlap of the excitation and emission spectra are selected. To ensure the fluorescence stability, the fluorescent dyes contain acrylate functional groups in the molecules so that they can be cross-linked together with monomers constituting the particle. Strong fluorescent expression and compartmentalization were observed at the particle fabricated using the selected fluorescent dyes through confocal microscopy. Furthermore, long-term fluorescence stability was verified by measuring fluorescent expression and intensity for 4 weeks. We anticipate that the bi-compartmental particles labeled by multiple fluorescence can be widely used for multi-target drug delivery system, analysis of 3 dimensional Brownian motion, and investigation of 3 dimensional complex self-assembled morphologies.

Fractionation and Availability of Cu and Zn in Paddy Soils Following a Long-Term Applications of Soil Amendments (토양개량제를 장기연용한 논토양에서 구리와 아연의 분획화 및 유효도)

  • Jung, Goo-Bok;Lee, Jong-Sik;Kim, Won-Il;Yeon, Beong-Yeal;Ryu, In-Soo
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.31 no.2
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    • pp.107-113
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    • 1998
  • We investigated the effects of a long term application of soil amendments such as lime, silicate, compost, or combinations of these materials on the contents of Cu and Zn in paddy soil and brown rice. The results obtained from a sequential extraction of Cu and Zn in paddy soils and brown rice, using $H_2O$, $KNO_3$, $Na_2$-EDTA and $HNO_3$ and showed that the most of Cu and Zn were NaOH-extractable (organically bound form) and $HNO_3$-extractable (sulfide and residual form). Cu contents of NaOH and EDTA extractable increased with the long term application of compost while the contents of Zn extracted by $KNO_3$ was decreased even though $HNO_3$ extractable-Zn was prominent chemical form in paddy soils. The percentage and contents of Zn, extracted by $KNO_3$ for each combination treatment of soil amendments, was decreased but the contents of Cu was not affected. The content of NaOH extractable-Cu was proportionally increased with increase in organic matter content irrespective of the extractants used in this experiment. The contents of Zn and exchangeable K were also increased with increase in organic matter content. However, we could not find any relationship between the extractable forms of Cu and Zn, and CEC, OM. while increase in CEC, contents of cations, and organic matter decreased the content of Cu in brown rice.

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Change of Bioavailability in Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil by Chemical Amendment (중금속 오염 농경지에 처리된 안정화제의 적용에 따른 토양 내 생물유효도 변화)

  • Oh, Se-Jin;Kim, Sung-Chul;Kim, Rog-Young;Ok, Yong-Sik;Yun, Hyun-Soo;Oh, Seong-Min;Lee, Jin-Soo;Yang, Jae E.
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.45 no.6
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    • pp.973-982
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    • 2012
  • Crop safety in heavy metal contaminated agricultural field has been a critical issue in Korea and various remediation methods are proposed for minimizing heavy metal transfer from soil to crops. The main objective of this research was to evaluate remediation efficiency of two chemical amendments, lime and steel slag, and to decide extractant for assessing bioavailability of heavy metals. In order to select optimum extractant for evaluating bioavailability of heavy metals, four different single extractants, HCl, DTPA, $CaCl_2$, $NH_4NO_3$, and sequential extraction method were examined. Both chemical amendments showed high immobilization effect for Cd (66%, $33.62mg\;kg^{-1}$) and Pb (74%, $27.65mg\;kg^{-1}$) in soil by HCl extractant. In terms of heavy metal concentration in rice grains, concentrations for Cd (77%, $0.023mg\;kg^{-1}$) and Pb (82%, $0.039mg\;kg^{-1}$) decreased, with addition of chemical amendments. HCl, DTPA, and sequential extractant showed the higher correlation between heavy metal concentration in soil and crops than others. These results indicated that they could be used for assessing bioavailability of heavy metals.

Effect of Bombyx mori, Antheraea Yamamai and Antheraea pernyi Silk Protein in Skin Fibroblast Cell Proliferation After Injury (피부세포 증식에 관여하는 실크단백질 탐색)

  • Han, Sang-Mi;Lee, Kwang-Gill;Yeo, Joo-Hong;Kweon, Hae-Yong;Woo, Soon-Ok;Baek, Ha-Ju;Park, Kwan-Kyu
    • Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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    • v.46 no.2
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    • pp.72-76
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    • 2004
  • We have studied the effect of silk proteins to the cell proliferation of human skin fibroblast cells (CCD-986sk) after injury. Silk proteins were extracted treatment with enzyme or NaOH solution from raw silk and culled-cocoon shell of Bombyx mori, Antheraea yamamai and A. pernyi. The cell proliferation after in vitro injury are increased in treatment by Bombyx mori (BM-1,2), Antheraea yamami (AY-1,2) and A. pernyi (AP-1,2). The silk protein fractions-treated cells exhibited proliferation in a dose dependent between $0.1\;{\mu}g/ml$ and $10\;{\mu}g/ml$. But, the macrophage, RAW 264. 7 cell viability was unaffected by the silk protein fractions by MTT assay. The molecular weights of the silk protein fractions were from 300-600 to 900-1500. These results results that the silk protein fractions may function through skin fibroblast proliferation.

Changes in Leaf and Reproductive Traits of Mountain Ash (Sorbus alnifolia) as Urban Flourisher in the Seoul Metropolitan, South Korea (한국 서울 식생의 번성자로서 팥배나무의 형질 변화 양상)

  • Jung, Song-Hie;Cho, Yong-Chan;Lee, Chang-Seok
    • Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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    • v.35 no.6
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    • pp.644-658
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    • 2021
  • Understanding the functional traits of dominant species in urban ecosystems provides insight into species' trait adaptation and ecosystem function in response to fragmented and isolated urban vegetation and reduced biological interactions. This study compared means and variances of environmental factors (geographic, meteorological, and soil attributes) and 4 leaf traits (leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf dry mass content, and leaf shape index) and 7 reproductive traits (fruit width, fruit length, fruit shape, fruit dry weight, fruit dry matter content, seed weight, and seed ratio) measured of 40 Sorbus alnifolia individuals in four mountainous areas south of Seoul downtown, South Korea. We then performed the multivariate analysis of trait combinations. While the measured environmental factors indicated the individuality of the survey sites, the urban vegetation was drier and had a longer growth period. The leaves of S. alnifolia in the urban areas were smaller and heavier, and the fruits produced longer and lighter seeds, showing the traits affected by long urbanization. The study confirmed changes in the growth and reproduction mechanism of the S. alnifolia population under the urban environment, indicating reduced biological interaction due to vegetation fragmentation and isolation. This study provides limited but distinct ecological information about the function and persistence of key species in cities with a reduced scale of biological interactions and many negative environmental factors such as air pollution.