• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.525-527
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• 1998

This study was conducted to determine the optimum cultural condition and method for in vitro mass production of Hibiscus syriacus L. 'Honghwarang'. When callus induced in MS solid medium supplemented with 0.01 mg/L TDZ was cultured in liquid medium containing 0.01mg/L TDZ, callus growth and shoot primordia formation was most effective. Formed shoot primordia were regenerated into shoot in MS or 1/2 MS medium of growth regulator-free condition. Effects of mesh size, shaking speed on callus and shoot primordia formation were examined after 5 weeks. Callus and shoot primordia formation was formed most effectively at 10 mesh and 80 rpm shaking speed in liquid medium.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.265-274
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• 1995

Characteristics of vegetative spur leaf, spur bud, fruiting supr leaf and flowering in relation to canopy position was investigated on order to promote better spur bud and flower bud differentiation on Citrus junos. There was no difference in vegetative spur leaf characteristics among directions. Vegetative spur leaf number and leaf area showed no difference between top and bottom position. There was no difference in spur bud size among directions, but spur bud at top was larger than that at bottom. Specific leaf weight of vegetative spur was mostly influenced by light interception, and leaf dry weight per spur average leaf dry weight, spur bud length and diameter had also a very high correlation with light interception rate. Shading and GA treatment in spur bud and flower bud differentiation was ineffective than natural light. Fruit thinning enhanced fruit quality as well as flower bud differentiation through an increase of leaf number per fruit, over 40 in Citrus junos.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.7 s.80
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• pp.1141-1147
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• 2006

This study was carried out to establish a reproducible culture system for callus formation and adventitious shoot development from young stem segments of Vigna radinta, and histological work for orgin of callus tissue and adventitious shoot. Induction of callus from young stem explants of Vigna radiata was very effective on MS inorganic salts supplemented with 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D and 1.0 mg/L kinetin. For the adventitious shoot regeneration from the callus tissues, the hormone combination of 0.75 mg/L NAA, 1.5 mg/L kinetin and MS salts resulted in about 21% efficiency. Histological examination showed that callus tissues originated from out-growths by callus cambium rings with do novo meristematic activities, which were localized at the outside of the vascular cambium. Adventitious shoots were developed from shoot apical meristem originated from the surface of callus masses. The shoot apical meristem produced leaf primordium, which then became leaf.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.219-221
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• 1998

This study was carried out to investigate seed bulbs production of 'Namdo' garlic (Allium sativum L.) by treating with 200 mM $K_3PO_4$ and 200 mM $KNO_3$ solution to bulbils. The growth characteristics of garlic plants derived from bulbils sown on 3 different dates were compared to those of plants derived from non-treated bulbils. Time required for 50% shoot emergence ($T_{50}$) was shortened as the sowing dates delayed. However, the final emergence rate was increased in the early sowing dates, and was high when treated with $K_3PO_4$ and sown on Oct. 10. The % clove differentiation of bulb was not significantly affected by sowing date and chemicals treatment of the bulbils. In all treatments, % clove differentiation was greater than 85%. The average bulb weight was increased with earlier sowing. Bulbils treated with $K_3PO_4$ and sown on Oct. 10 exhibited the best growth and yield. which was 27% higher compared to the non-treated bulbils.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.304-308
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• 2008

Lilium longiflorum 'Charm' as a $F_1$ hybrid cultivar was released by crossing inbred line '$L_2$-14' and '$L_2$-21' which were obtained from 5 self crosses originated from 'Nellie White', 'Ace' and 'Hinomoto'. The growth and flowering characteristics were evaluated in a greenhouse maintained at a minimum of $13^{\circ}C$ at night during winter in 2006 and 2007. The flower of 'Charm' is white color and horizontal-facing. The flower number of a plant and its diameter is 7.4 and 16.5 cm with 24.5 ornamental(flowering) days. The plant height is 60.3 cm with 70.3 number of leaves. The stem diameter and internode length is 1.2 cm and 1.1 cm, respectively, meaning the plant is compact and sturdy. And the number of seed per a capsule is 251.1. The results of these evaluation, therefore, suggest that seedling Lilium longiflorum 'Charm' can be used as a pot plant due to its short stems, many number of flowers per plant, long ornamental period, strong growth habit with many leaves and thick stem diameter.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.252-260
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• 1989

This experiment was carried out to clarify the causes of sterility in terms of pollination characteristics for the sterile-type cold damage as influenced by amount of nitrogen application and shading conditions in rice plants. The results obtained are as follows: The number of young microspore per anther was not changed greatly by amount of nitrogen application. The number of ripened pollen grains per anther decreased according to increase in nitrogen application and shading degree, but the anther length and stigma length were not significantly affected by those factors. The number of pollen grains on stigma decreased by intense shading. The fertility decreased with increased nitrogen application and intensified shading. The elongation of auricle distance per day was less in less nitrogen application and intense shading. The internode length of the first and the second from the top were shortened with intense shading, but that of the fourth was elongated. The number of spikelet per panicle decreased with increase in shading intensity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.279-288
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• 2017

This study investigated the manufacturing of fermented soybean oil using a fermenting strain commonly processed for soybeans [Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (BA), Bacillus subtilis (BS), Lactobacillus acidophilus (LBA), and B. subtilis+L. acidophilus (BLO)] and evaluated its anti-obesity activities. Cytotoxicity of four kinds of fermented soybean oils was not observed in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes at 10 and $50{\mu}g/mL$. Triglyceride content was reduced by 20.6% in the BLO group at a treatment concentration of $50{\mu}g/mL$. The simultaneous treatment of fermented soybean oil and differentiation induction medium decreased $PPAR{\gamma}$ and $C/EBP{\alpha}$ gene expression at a concentration of $50{\mu}g/mL$ and blocked adipocyte differentiation by increasing adiponectin gene expression. The inhibitory effect of adipocyte differentiation was greatest in the BLO group. C57BL/6J mice were examined for 4 weeks after being separated into seven groups [normal diet group (N), high fat diet group (C), group fed high fat diet combined with regular soybean oil (SO), group fed non-fermented soybean oil (NF), and groups fed high fat diet combined with 5% fermented soybean oil (BA, BS, LBA, and BLO)] to identify the effects of soybean oil on body weight, serum lipid, adiponectin, insulin, and leptin levels in mice with high fat diet-induced obesity. The body weight and serum lipid level of the C group increased drastically compared to those of the N group. In contrast, the group fed a diet combined with fermented soybean oil showed decreases in weight, serum total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglyceride levels compared to those of the C group. Moreover, soybean oil was found to be effective in the BLO group. In conclusion, fermented soybean oil has positive effects in prohibiting adipocyte differentiation increased by high fat diet and improving serum lipid composition. Therefore, fermented soybean oil can be used as a functional food material with anti-obesity activity.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.27 no.1 s.88
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• pp.10-14
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• 1999

A single phase composter was constructed by modifying the conventional mixer of sawdust for the cultivation of oyster mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus. The machine was designed on the basis of 3-phase-1 system which was controlled in prewetting, pasteurization and fermentation processes. In composting 200 kg of straw and cotton waste in the machine, it took 20 minutes in prewetting step and also to hours at $65^{\circ}C$ in pasteurization process. Postfermentation by aerothermophiles was completed by treating the compost at $45^{\circ}C-50^{\circ}C$ for 48 hours which was shorten 24 hours from the conventional method. In the postfermentation at high temperature, forced aeration and/or vigorous mixing process(es) played a great role in the improvement of spawn quality. The growth of mycelium of oyster mushroom was excellent in the culture combinated with 3 parts of surface inoculation and 7 parts of mechanical mixing.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.59 no.6
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• pp.631-637
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• 2005

Background : Transcriptional factors of the CREB(cAMP Response Element Binding Protein) are involved in the regulation of gene expression in response to a variety of signaling pathways. Proteins produced by the CREB genes play key roles in many physiological processes, including memory and long-term potentiation. The retinoic acid receptor (RAR) axis mediates epithelial cell differentiation and proliferation in many tissues including the lung. Material and method : The RAR and CREB expression levels were examined in 60 adenocarcinomas and 60 squamous cell carcinomas of the lung using immunohistochemical staining. Results : 1) RAR protein expression was found in 58.3%(35/60) of adenocarcinomas and 36.7%(22/60) of squamous cell carcinomas(P<0.05). 2) RAR protein expression was found in 80%(16/20) of well differentiated adenocarcinomas, 60%(12/20) of moderately differentiated adenocarcinomas, and 35%(7/20) of poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas (P<0.01). 3) RAR protein expression was found in 45%(9/20) of well differentiated squamous cell carcinomas, 35%(7/20) of moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinomas, and 30%(6/20) of poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinomas (P>0.05). 4) CREB expression was found in 61.7%(37/60) of adenocarcinomas and 40%(24/60) of squamous cell carcinomas( P<0.05). 5) CREB expression was found in 85%(17/20) of well differentiated adenocarcinomas, 60%(12/20) of moderately differentiated adenocarcinomas, and 40%(8/20) of poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas (P<0.01). 6) CREB expression was found in 45%(9/20) of well differentiated squamous cell carcinomas, 35%(7/20) of moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinomas, and 35%(8/20) of poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinomas(P>0.05). 7) RAR and CREB expression was found in 68.5% of lung cancers, and there was a significant correlation between them(P<0.05). Conclusion : RAR and CREB expression can be used to indirectly determine the malignant potentiality of a cell.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.116-122
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• 2014

Total of fifty accessions of Brassica rapa with various morphological characteristics were used for production of double haploid plants though microspore culture in Brassica rapa. Among them, only 30 accessions induced embryos from microspores. The highest efficiency of embryo induction of 1.194 per bud was obtained from IT135449 of turnip type, while 3 accessions of sarson (winter oil) type did not generate embryo. The effect of heat shock periods for embryogenesis was also investigated with 4 accessions (IT135449; Turnip type, IT199710; Chinese cabbage type, IT212886; Pak choi type, IT218043; Summer oil type). The high productions of embryos were observed in IT135449, IT199710 and IT212886 when microspores were pre-cultured to $32^{\circ}C$ for 2 days. In IT218043, high embryogenesis was observed at the 3 days of heat shock treatment. The optimal condition of shoot regeneration for IT199710 was observed in MS medium supplemented with NAA $0.5mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ and BAP $1mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$. In contrast, the IT135449 and IT212886 were observed high regeneration frequency in MS medium without plant growth regulators. All the plantlets regenerated from microspore-derived embryos have been successfully transplanted to soil, and bud self-pollinated seeds were produced from doubled haploid plants. This indicated that double-haploid genotype was likely generated naturally during embryogenesis process.