• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.11
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• pp.4597-4603
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• 2010

A factorization is a very important part of multi-level logic synthesis. The number of literals in a factored form is an estimate of the complexity of a logic function, and can be translated directly into the number of transistors required for implementation. Factored forms are described as either algebraic or Boolean, according to the trade-off between run-time and optimization. A Boolean factored form contains fewer number of literals than an algebraic factored form. In this paper, we present a new method for a Boolean factorization. The key idea is to identify two-cube nonkernel Boolean pairs from given expression. Experimental results on various benchmark circuits show the improvements in literal counts over previous other factorization methods.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.74-79
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• 2019

Traditional compound noun decomposition algorithms often face challenges of decomposing compound nouns into separated nouns when unregistered unit noun is included. It is very difficult for those traditional approach to handle such issues because it is impossible to register all existing unit nouns into the dictionary such as proper nouns, coined words, and foreign words in advance. In this paper, in order to solve this problem, compound noun decomposition problem is defined as tag sequence labeling problem and compound noun decomposition method to use syllable unit embedding and deep learning technique is proposed. To recognize unregistered unit nouns without constructing unit noun dictionary, compound nouns are decomposed into unit nouns by using LSTM and linear-chain CRF expressing each syllable that constitutes a compound noun in the continuous vector space.

• Journal of Korea Soil Environment Society
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.3-15
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• 2001

The ozone kinetics including ozone auto-decomposition. effect of pH, and solubility were investigated. Diesel decomposition process including TCE & PCE decomposition. effect of hydroxyl radical scavenger, effect of pH, and ozone/$H_2O$$_2$by ozonation process were also examined using deionized water, simulated groundwater. and actual groundwater. Reactions with deionized water and groundwater both stowed the second-order reaction rates, and the reaction rate was much higher in groundwater (half-life of 14.7 min) than in deionized water (hal(half-life of 37.5 min). The reaction rate was accelerated at high pH values in both waters. The use of ozone showed high oxidation rates of TCE. PCE and diesel. Though hydroxyl radical scavengers existing in groundwater were inhibitors for treating diesel, high pH condition and addition of hydrogen peroxide could accelerate to degrade diesel in groundwater, indicating ozone oxidation process could be applied to treating diesel contaminated-groundwater.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1990

The effects of soil environmental conditions on the degradation rates of fenitrothion(O-O-dimethyl O-4-nitro-m-tolyl phosphorothioate) in soils under flooded conditions were examined in the laboratory. Fenitrothion was degraded rapidly and the half life period was within 4 days. Furthermore the degradation was mere rapid under flooded conditions than under upland conditions. The decomposition rate was varied with soils and soil temperatures. Fenitrothion degraded more slowly at 30ppm than at l0ppm. Repeated applications of fenitrothion in soils accelerated the degradation rates. The degradation remarkably increased with amendment of rice straw. However, degradation rates ,were virtually unaffected by the addition of the mixed-fertilizer, the fungicide IBP and the herbicide butachlor. The population of fenitrothion-degrading microbes, which were counted by MPN method, always corresponded with the degradation rates in the soils.

• Journal of KIISE
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.280-287
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• 2018

Recently, the use of a recommendation system and tensor data analysis, which has high-dimensional data, is increasing, as they allow us to analyze the tensor and extract potential elements and patterns. However, due to the large size and complexity of the tensor, it needs to be decomposed in order to analyze the tensor data. While several tools are used for tensor decomposition such as rTensor, pyTensor, and MATLAB, since such tools run on a single machine, they are unable to handle large data. Also, while distributed tensor decomposition tools based on Hadoop can handle a scalable tensor, its computing speed is too slow. In this paper, we propose S-PARAFAC, which is a tensor decomposition tool based on Apache Spark, in distributed in-memory environments. We converted the PARAFAC algorithm into an Apache Spark version that enables rapid processing of tensor data. We also compared the performance of the Hadoop based tensor tool and S-PARAFAC. The result showed that S-PARAFAC is approximately 4~25 times faster than the Hadoop based tensor tool.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.80 no.3
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• pp.303-310
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• 1991

Seasonal patterns of decomposition and nutrient release from the needle litter were examined using litter-bags in coastal Pinus thunbergii forests in nothern Kyushu, Japan. Dry matter losses from decomposing needle litter were smillar in all standsover a experimental period. Mass loss in dry weight is lost rapidly during the first year, and thereafter the rate of loss slows. Litter lost approximately 40% of initial mass in 1 yr. The predicted decay constant, k values ranged from 0.5 to 0.6 Decomposition half-times($t_{0.50}$) ranged from 1.1 to 1.4 year. In the decomposing needle litter, the concentrations of N and P generally increased with time while the concentration of K decreased. A decrease in absolute amount was noted for K during decomposition while in an increase was found for N. The order of mobility of elements was K>P>N. Mineralization phase of N had not appeared during the experiment.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.245-254
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to provide the basic information for bread with kinds of spice. The qualities of bread added with garlic, ginger, and cinnamon powder were investigated using sensory and mechanical evaluation. The result of sensory evaluation showed that the softness, color, brittleness, hardness, and chewiness of bread were increased as the amount of garlic, ginger and cinnamon powder increased. Lightness decreased by the addition of garlic, ginger and cinnamon powder, while redness and yellowness increased. Texture measurement showed that hardness, cohesiveness, springiness, gumminess and brittleness were the lowest in the breads with 1% garlic, ginger and cinnamon powder, and increased as the added amount of spice increased. A positive correlation was observed between the sensory and mechanical properties in general, while hardness and chewiness have negative correlation with sensory properties. Sensory properties of wheat flour odor, roasted taste, springiness and swelling were positively correlated with the acceptability. Breads with 1% garlic, ginger, and cinnamon powder showed a good overall preference.

• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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• 1984.09a
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• pp.169-183
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• 1984

인삼의 주된 사포닌으로서 Rg,과 Rb,을 흰쥐에 투여하였을 경우에 이들 물질이 흰쥐의 장기에 흡수 또는 분포되는 상태와 배설에 대하여 연구하였다. 진세노사이드 $Rg_{1}$은 경구 투여량의 약 $1.9{\%}$가 소화관의 상부에서 흡수되었으며, 투여한지 30분 후에 최고 혈중 농도에 이르렀고 조직에서는 1.5시간 걸렸다. 그러나 뇌에서는 확인되지 않았으며 뇨와 당즙에는 2 : 5의 비로 배설되었다. $Rb_{1}$을 100mg/kg 경구투여한 결과, 소화관에서는 거의 흡수가 되지 않았으며, 한편 정맥주사(5mg/kg)의 경우는 혈중 $Rb_{1}$의 농도가 지수적으로 감소하였으며, B-phase의 반감기는 14.5시간이었다. 정맥주사후 혈청과 조직에 장시간 잔존은 활성을 나탄내는 혈청단백과의 결합과 관련이 있는 것으로 사료되며 시간에 따라 뇨로 배설되나 담즙에서는 확인되지 않았다. $Rg_{1}$과 $Rb_{1}$을 경구투여한 후 TLC와 $^{13}C$-NMR을 이용하여 위와 대장에서의 분해 상태를 연구한 결과 위에서 $Rg_{1}$의 일부가 분해, 6종류의 분해 산물이 r-everse phase TLC상에서 관찰되었고 이들 분해 산물은 약산성 (0.1N HCl, $37^{\circ}C$) 조건하에서 $Rg_{1}$의 가수분해산물과 동일하였다. 한편, $Rb_{1}$ 경구투여후 위장에서 얻은 시료중에서 미확인 분해산물이 관찰되었으며, 이 분해산물은 약산성 조건하에서 $Rb_{1}$의 가수분해산물과는 상이하다는 사실을 확인하였다. 대장에서, $Rg_{1}$은 미생물 tetracycline-susceptible bacteria와 tetracycline-resist bacteria에 의해 $Rb_{1}$과 $F_{1}$으로 분해되었으며, $Rb_{1}$은 장내의 효소와 tetracycline-resistantant bacteria에 의해 Rd와 2 종류의 미확인 물질로 분해되었다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.263-268
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• 1995

A study was undertaken to compare degradation patterns of carbofuran in soils between submerged and upland moisture conditions [$3-^{14}C$]Carbofuran was treated in each soils at the rate of 1.0 mg/kg (87.8 kBq $^{14}C/50g$ soil) and the time-course analysis for distribution of radioactivity and degradation products were conducted. Differences in the pathway and rate of carbofuran degradation in soils were observed between submerged and upland moisture conditiona major degradation being hydrolysis at 7-C position and oxidation at 3-C position, respectively. Carbofuran showed less persistence in soils of higher moisture contents A significant portion, $24{\sim}39%$ of the total radioactivity, resided in soils as nonextractable residues at 60 days after treatment The nonextractable radioactivity was mainly located in soil organic matter, fulvic acid, humic acid and humin factions Gel filtration chromatography confirmed the incorporation of carbofuran and its degradation products into the organic matter.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.159-174
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• 2015

Dragomiretskiy and Zosso (2014) developed a new decomposition method, termed variational mode decomposition (VMD), which is efficient for handling the tone detection and separation of signals. However, VMD may be inefficient in the presence of missing data since it is based on a fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm. To overcome this problem, we propose a new approach based on a novel combination of VMD and hierarchical (or h)-likelihood method. The h-likelihood provides an effective imputation methodology for missing data when VMD decomposes the signal into several meaningful modes. A simulation study and real data analysis demonstrates that the proposed method can produce substantially effective results.