• Polymer(Korea)
• /
• 제35권6호
• /
• pp.565-573
• /
• 2011

The nanocomposites containing graphene oxide (GO) were prepared in order to improve the mechanical properties of poly(methyl methacrylate)/aluminum hydroxide (PMMA/AH) composites. GO was prepared from graphite by oxidation of Hummers method followed by exfoliation with thermal treatment. The surface of GO was modified by oxygen plasma in various exposure times from 0 to 70 min to improve interfacial compatibility. Compared with PMMA/AH composites, the nanocomposites containing GO modified with oxygen plasma for the exposure time up to 50 min showed significant increases in flexural strength, flexural modulus, Rockwell hardness, Barcol hardness, and Izod impact strength. The morphology of fracture surface showed an improved interfacial adhesion between PMMA/AH composites and GO, which was properly treated with oxygen plasma. The mechanical properties of nanocomposites were deteriorated by increasing the content of GO above 0.07 phr due to the nonuniform dispersion of GO.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• 제38권12호
• /
• pp.821-827
• /
• 2005

Background: Hemodilution after priming of the cardiopulmonary bypass is known to increase the possibility of bleeding and homologous transfusion in adult cardiac surgery. We investigated the effects of retrograde autologous priming (RAP) to see whether it would decrease postoperative bleeding and homologous transfusion. Material and Method: We retrospectively reviewed 34 patients wpho underwent RAP and 46 patients who did not. Retrograde autologous priming consisted of arterial lire drainage, venous reservoir and oxygenator drainage and venous line drainage. We compared the amount of priming solution and RAP volume, perioperative hematocrit, postoperative bleeding and transfusion requirements in the two groups. Resuit: Mean withdrawal volume in RAP group was 613.5$\pm$160.6 mL and initial priming volume was 1381.9$\pm$37.2 mL. Hemoatocrits ($\%$) in RAP and control groups were 25.0$\pm$3.7 vs 20.9$\pm$3.6 (5 minutes after CPB), 25.9$\pm$3.7 vs 22.5$\pm$3.6 (30 minutes after CPB), 25.9$\pm$3.4 vs 23.8$\pm$2.8 (60 minutes after CPB), 31.9$\pm$3.9 vs 31.5$\pm$4.5 (postoperative 1 hour), 32.4$\pm$4.4 vs 32.1$\pm$4.5 (postoperative 6 hours), 33.4$\pm$5.0 vs 31.7$\pm$5.1 (postoperative 1 day)[repeated measures ANOVA, p < 0.05]. Chest tube drainages (mL) in the two groups were 357.2$\pm$177.1 vs 411.7$\pm$279.5 (postoperative 6 hours), 599.4$\pm$145.6 vs 678.8$\pm$256.4 (postoperative 24 hours)[t-test, p < 0.05]. Homologous transfusion was performed in 7 out of 34 patients in RAP group (20.6$\%$), and 16 out of 46 (34.8$\%$) in control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: This study suggests that the effects of reducing the priming volume during cardiopulmonary bypass may result in lesser bleeding and homologous transfusion. Retrograde autologous priming would be used to reduce postoperative bleeding and chance of transfusion after adult cardiac surgery.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.28-32
• /
• 1998

The electrochemical behavior of film and charge-discharge capacity of Li-ion cell in 1 M $LiPF_6/EC:DME$ (1 : 1, by volume ratio) electrolyte solution was studied using chronopotentiometry, cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry, and impedance spectroscopy. The first irreversible capacity was higher than the second irrversible capacity because of solvent decomposition. Especially, passivation film that is electron insulating and ionic conducting were formed on the MPCF by solvent decomposition during the first charge. The solvated Li is co-intercalated with solvent into MPCF electrode. Part of the MPCF is expoliated during co-intercalation of solvent-Li. The MPCF ends up nonuniformly covered by a relatively thick layer of exfoliated particles embedded in a matrix of product by solvent decomposition.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
• /
• 제27권7호
• /
• pp.686-689
• /
• 2005

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of ammonium and nitrate nitrogen removal to applied voltage, electrolytic time and activated carbon packing height. Batch bipolar packed bed electrolytic cell reactor was packed with $4{\times}8$ mesh granular activated carbon (GAC). Afterward electrolysis was performed in 20 V for 30 min. As a result, as the filling height adjusted to 80 mm high, the removal efficiency of ammonium nitrogen was 99.9%. and as the electrolytic time varied to 60 min, the removal efficiency of ammonium nitrogen was 97.6%. and in case of continuous electrolytic treatment of ammonium and nitrate nitrogen removal efficiency of total nitrogen was over 80% in bipolar packed bed electrolytic cell reactor for 72 hours as the packing height, sample concentration and input rate of sample adjusted to 280 mm, 30 mg/L, 6.7 mL/min, respectively.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 대한전기학회 2001년도 하계학술대회 논문집 A
• /
• pp.261-263
• /
• 2001

오늘날 전력계통에서 개폐기, 차단기들은 케이블 충전이나 선로충전, 콘덴서 뱅크의 부하전류와 같은 진상 전류의 스위칭을 많이 하게 된다. 이때 진상 전류의 크기는 개폐기나 차단기의 정격 차단전류보다 그 크기가 매우 작다. 그러나 차단 책무는 개폐기나 차단기에 상당히 가혹하며, 이는 차단 후 극간에 걸리는 과도한 회복전압에 기인한다[2,3]. 상용주파 회복전압은 차단 성능을 검증하는 요소중의 하나로서 사고시 임피던스에 의해 변화한다. 본 논문에서는 IEC 60265-1에 따른 케이블 충전 전류 시험(Test duty 4a) 회로를 모의하고 IEC 60265-1에서 규정하는 규정치 이내에서 영상분 임피던스의 변화에 따른 상용주파 회복전압의 변화를 살펴보았다[1].

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
• /
• 전력전자학회 2014년도 전력전자학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.423-424
• /
• 2014

본 논문에서는 배터리 충 방전을 위한 새로운 고승압 양방향 DC-DC 컨버터를 제안한다. 제안 회로는 하나의 회로로 양방향 스위치가 가능하게 하였다. 기존 DC-DC 컨버터는 고주파 스위칭 동작 시 손실분 저항의 증가로 승압이 어려운 문제점이 있다. 이를 위해 기존 Boost converter 회로 방식보다 승압비가 높은 회로를 제안하였다. 그리고 기존 충전회로는 10배 이상의 입 출력 강압변환 시, 낮은 duty cycle로 소자 스트레스가 높아 고 사양의 소자를 사용해야 했다. 제안회로는 충전 시, Buck converter 동작을 하면서 기존 duty cycle 보다 3배가량 높아 소자 스트레스를 줄였다. 이를 모의실험 및 실험을 통해 타당성을 검증하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
• /
• 한국화재소방학회 2011년도 춘계학술논문발표회 논문집
• /
• pp.351-356
• /
• 2011

본 연구에서는 국외 커튼월 내화 Code인 EN 13830, EN 13501-1, EN 1364-3을 사용하여 알루미늄과 스틸프레임에 대해 화재시 최적설계조건 도출을 위한 실험을 실시하였다. 현재 국내 커튼월의 내화 법규는 2008년 '내화 충전구조 세부 운영지침'에서 조인트 부분에 대해서만 내화규정이 정립되어 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 EN 13830과 그 하위법을 이용하여 알루미늄과 스틸 커튼월의 최적설계조건 도출을 위한 실험을 실시하였다. 실험 결과 차염성은 알루미늄 커튼월과 스틸 커튼월의 성능시간이 각각 10분 26분으로 약 16분의 차이가 발생하였고, 차열성은 알루미늄 커튼월과 스틸 커튼월이 최고온도에서 6분과 9분으로 약 3분정도의 차이를 보였고 평균온도에서는 9분, 24분으로 약 15분의 차이를 보였다. 그리고 복사열은 성능기준 $15Kw/m^2$를 통과하는데 알루미늄 커튼월은 16분 스틸 커튼월은 24분을 기록하였다.

• Journal of Adhesion and Interface
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2001

In this study, wasted stone powders (WSP) obtained from sludge and Wasted Tire Chips (WTC) as fillers have been used to formulate polymer hybrid composites based on Unsaturated Polyester (UPE) resin. To further enhance not only the interfacial bond between the inorganic filler and the polymer matrix, but also the filler dispersion by wetting the particulate surfaces to uniformly spread the resin during the mixing, silane coupling agent[${\gamma}$-methacryloxy propyl trimethoxy silane (${\gamma}$-MPS)] was used. The influences of organic recycled fillers contents and the concentrations of coupling agent in polymer hybrid composite formulations have been investigated from a mechanical and microstructural point o view through Mercury Porosimeter and SEM.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• 제50권2호
• /
• pp.343-347
• /
• 2012

The decomposition behaviors of gaseous cyanides in non-thermal plasma-catalyst hybrid reactor have been investigated with the variation of discharge power, influent concentration of cyanide, humidity of air carrier and packed materials in the reactor. Destruction of cyanides by plasma only process was very difficult compared to that of trichloroethylene. But the destruction efficiencies of cyanides were dramatically improved through packing alumina or Pt/alumina bead in the plasma discharge region. From the results, it could be assumed that thermal catalytic effect is involved simultaneously with plasma in the reaction of cyanides destruction on the alumina or Pt/alumina packed plasma reactor.

• Journal of Conservation Science
• /
• 제30권4호
• /
• pp.383-393
• /
• 2014

It is used for the epoxy resin, a mixture of various fillers conservation of cracks of the stone cultural heritage. Such as conservation treatment is need to for long-term conservation. However, field research and experiments on the conservation treatment results when included 54 cases of talc filler was confirmed that the damage, such as discoloration and cracks. The field research is talc was used to determine whether the reports and conservator interviews conducted, microscopy, ICP analysis of the samples collected from the field site. Experiments is color difference measurement and Ultrasonic measurement were arried out, and artificial weathering tests to investigate the effect of talc. As a result, lower the property of matter of the samples containing the talc. Therefore, we propose that the selection process is not allowed to use talc as the filler of stone powder filler cracks is conservation treatment.