• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.62 no.4
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• pp.288-298
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• 2018

In this study, we surveyed pre- and post-perceptions of fourteen science teachers related to the atmosphere composition of molecules with different masses by the developed test. As a result of the test, the teachers were classified into two types of thoughts; One of them is considered the atmosphere to be a homogeneous solution, and the other is a thought that the composition ratio of the atmosphere was not homogeneous considering the different weights of particles. The two types were reclassified into three categories; one of them is considering large gravity effect, another is considering small gravity effect, and the other is considering medium scale gravity effect. Total six types of thoughts were found from the pre-test. After introducing crosscutting concepts which are related to the composition of atmosphere. The teachers discussed the phenomena with the molecular motion by weights of atoms and temperature, the homogeneity of the solution of air in chemistry domain. They also discussed with the relationship between mass and gravity and distance in physics domain. And the discussion included distribution of the atmosphere, convection phenomena, etc. After the discussion, the teachers changed their pre-conceptions to post-concoctions considering combined perspectives of gravity, mass, temperature, altitude etc. Through these changes, we are able to confirm the importance of crosscutting concepts covered in various disciplines. In the integrated science, we should help teachers to provide students with these types of thinking in order to form a coherent world-view and to carry out inquiry thinking as an intellectual tool.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.64 no.5
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• pp.304-317
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• 2020

This study was conducted on four 11^th grade students at a high school in a small town to determine the effectiveness of responsive teaching. The three phases of the responsive teaching method proposed in the previous study were subdivided into six stages; Step 1 is elicitation of students' thoughts related to macroscopic world, Step 2 is drawing of students' early thoughts related to microscopic world, Step 3 is disciplinary connections with ideas of the particle, Step 4 is to clarify the learner's thoughts on the particle by the teacher's involvement, Step 5 is deepening students' thoughts, and Step 6 is expanding ideas. In Step 4, students came to the recognition that the cause of mass was atoms and that the cause of volume was molecules. In Step 5, students led to a shift in thinking that could ignore the volume of the molecules themselves through the properties of protons and neutrons that affect mass from a particle perspective. In the Step 6 of expanding ideas, students explained molecular motion by the concept of material point which ignores the volume of particles. This steps gave students perspectives on the relationship between the mass and volume of particles required by Avogadro's law. The students recognized that some systems could be studied only indirectly because they were too small, too large, too fast, or too slow to observe directly.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.109-117
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• 2020

An edutainment system aims to help learners to recognize problems effectively, grasp and classify important information needed to solve the problems and convey the contents of what they have learned. Edutainment contents can be usefully applied to education and training in the both scientific and industrial areas. Our present work proposes an edutainment system that can be applied to a drug discovery process including virtual screening by using intuitive multi-modal interfaces. In this system, a stereoscopic monitor is used to make three-dimensional (3D) macro-molecular images, with supporting multi-modal interfaces to manipulate 3D models of molecular structures effectively. In this paper, our system can easily solve a docking simulation function, which is one of important virtual drug screening methods, by applying gaming factors. The level-up concept is implemented to realize a bio-game approach, in which the gaming factor depends on number of objects and users. The quality of the proposed system is evaluated with performance comparison in terms of a finishing time of a drug docking process to screen new inhibitors against target proteins of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in an e-drug discovery process.

• Journal of Apiculture
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.15-26
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• 2019

Tracheal mite (Acarapis woodi) is an internal parasite that is parasitic on the bronchus of adult bees and sucks fluid from the trachea. Since its first report by Rennie, it has been spread throughout Europe and in some Asian regions, with adjacent Japan and China reported in 2011 and 2012, respectively. Korea detected specific genes of A. woodi in 2015, but only one of 99 samples has been identified and the being of A. woodi has not been confirmed. In this study, we established a specific nested PCR method to confirm for detecting low-copy number of A. woodi-specific gene in bee samples. As a result, A. woodi-specific COI gene was amplified in 15 of 23 samples, and they were judged positive by melting point analysis and sequencing analysis. Although we could not observe the existence of the mites in bees, our results suggest that tracheal mit might exist in nature.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.1-18
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• 2022

Volatiles exist ubiquitously in nature. Volatile compounds produced by plants and microorganisms confer inter-kingdom and intra-kingdom communications. Autoinducer signaling molecules from contact-based chemical communication, such as bacterial quorum sensing, are relayed through short distances. By contrast, biogenic volatiles derived from plant-microbe interactions generate long-distance (>20 cm) alarm signals for sensing harmful microorganisms. In this review, we discuss prior work on volatile compound-mediated diagnosis of plant diseases, and the use of volatile packaging and dispensing approaches for the biological control of fungi, bacteria, and viruses. In this regard, recent developments on technologies to analyze and detect microbial volatile compounds are introduced. Furthermore, we survey the chemical encapsulation, slow-release, and bio-nano techniques for volatile formulation and delivery that are expected to overcome limitations in the application of biogenic volatiles to modern agriculture. Collectively, technological advances in volatile compound detection, packaging, and delivery provide great potential for the implementation of ecologically-sound plant disease management strategies. We hope that this review will help farmers and young scientists understand the nature of microbial volatile compounds, and shift paradigms on disease diagnosis and management to aromatic (volatile-based) agriculture.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.520-530
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• 2024

Tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) play a crucial role in maintaining cellular homeostasis. When the function of these genes is lost, it can lead to cellular plasticity that drives the development of various cancers, including small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), which is known for its aggressive nature. SCLC is primarily driven by numerous loss-of-function mutations in TSGs, often involving genes that encode epigenetic regulators. These mutations pose a significant therapeutic challenge as they are not directly targetable. However, understanding the molecular changes resulting from these mutations might provide insights for developing tumor intervention strategies. We propose that despite the heterogeneous genomic landscape of SCLC, the effects of mutations in patient tumors converge on a few critical pathways that drive malignancy. Specifically, alterations in epigenetic regulators lead to transcriptional dysregulation, pushing mutant cells toward a highly plastic state that makes them immune evasive and highly metastatic. This review will highlight studies showing how an imbalance of epigenetic regulators with opposing functions leads to the loss of immune recognition markers, effectively hiding tumor cells from the immune system. Additionally, we will discuss the role of epigenetic regulators in maintaining neuroendocrine features and how aberrant transcriptional control promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition during tumor development. Although these pathways seem distinct, we emphasize that they often share common molecular drivers and mediators. Understanding the connection among frequently altered epigenetic regulators will provide valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying SCLC development, potentially revealing preventive and therapeutic vulnerabilities for SCLC and other cancers with similar mutations.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.193-200
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• 2007

This study investigated the effects of situational context feedback in CAI upon students' conceptual understanding, science learning motivation, and the perception of CAI. Seventh graders (N = 114) from a coed middle school in Incheon were assigned to the situational context feedback CAI (SCF-CAI), the feedback CAI (F-CAI) and the CAI groups, and were taught about ‘three states of matter' and ‘motion of molecules' for 8 class hours. Prior science achievement test score used as a blocking variable. Two-way ANCOVA results revealed that the conceptual understanding test scores of the SCF-CAI group were significantly higher than those of the other groups. For the higher achievers, the scores of the F-CAI group in science learning motivation test were significantly higher than those of the CAI group. However, there was no significant difference among the lower achievers of three groups. The higher achievers in the SCFCAI and the F-CAI groups perceived the CAI more positively than those of the CAI group. The lower achievers in the FCAI group perceived the CAI more negatively than those of the other groups. Educational implications are discussed.

• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.70-72
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• 1998

1. 서론 : 최근에 폐수나 지하수 및 음용수에 존재하는 휘발성 유기화합물(Volatile Prganic Compound, VOC)는 심각한 환경오염이 주범이 되고 있다. 이러한 문제를 해결하는 방법으로 흡착, 증류, air stripping 등의 여러 가지 분리기술이 제시되어 왔다. 그러나 전통적인 방법들은 분리된 오염물질이 제2의 상으로 전이된다는 점에서 또 다른 분리공정을 필요로 하는 단점을 지니고 있다. 이에 반해 투과증발공정은 추가적인 분리과정이 없이 효율적으로 오염된 물속의 유기용매를 제거한다는 점에서 많은 관심을 모으고 있다. 이미 알려진 이러한 VOC 제거에는 소수성이면서 고무상인 고분자가 우수한 특성을 가지는 것으로 밝혀졌고 그 중에서 실록산계 고분자가 아주 효과적인 것으로 알려져 있다. 그러나 이러한 실록산계 고분자는 기계적 강도가 약하여 필름의 박막형성능력이 떨어지는 것으로 알려져 있어 이러한 단점을 보완하기 위해 가교구조의 도입이나 공중합체의 구조를 도입하는 연구가 많이 수행되어 왔다. 이러한 연구의 한 방법으로 실록산-아미드공중합체를 이용하여 투과증발에 적용한 연구는 수행되어 왔다. 이들의 제막방법으로 주로 실록산다이아민/방향족다이아민의 비를 달리하거나 실록산다이아민의 분자량의 변화를 달리하면서 실록산-이미드 블록 또는 그래프트중합체를 제조하는 방법을 사용하였다. 이 실험에서는 주로 실록산-이미드의 비율이 낮아지면 유기용매의 선택성에서 물의 선택성으로 바뀌는 percolation point가 관찰되며 이것은 실록산-이미드의 비율이 낮을수록 물속의 유기용매의 제거에 유리하다는 것을 보여준다. 이에 따라 실록산다이아민과 다이안하이드라이드만을 사용한 실록산이미드막이 추천되나 여기에 대한 투과특성연구는 전혀 이루어지지 않았다.정육점이었고 백화점과 재래닭 사육장에서 직접구입도 하고 있었다. 구입 동기는 가족들이 좋아하고 영양가를 생각한다가 62%였으며 구입정보는 주위사람의 권유로 구입하고 있었다. $\bigcirc$ 구입할 때 중점적으로 살펴보는 사항은 신선도와 순수재래종 여부, 위생상태였다. 한편 소비자가 언제나 구입할 수 없다는 의견이 85.2%나 되어 원활한 공급과 시장조성이 아직 정착되지 않고 있었다. $\bigcirc$ 현재 유통되고 있는 재래종닭은 소비자 대부분이 잡종으로 인식하고 있었으며, 재래종과 일반육계와의 구별은 깃털색, 피부색, 정강이색등 외관상으로 구별하고 있었다. 체중에 대한 반응은 너무 작다는 의견이었고, 식품으로의 인식도는 비교적 고급식품으로 인식하고 있다. $\bigcirc$ 재래종닭고기의 브랜드화에 대한 견해는 젊고 소득이 높은 계층에서 브랜드화의 필요성을 강조하고 있다. $\bigcirc$ 재래종달걀의 소비형태는 대부분의 소비자가 좋아하였으나 아직 먹어보지 못한 응답자가 많았다. 재래종달걀의 맛에 대해서는 고소하고 독특하여 차별성을 느끼고 있었다. $\bigcirc$ 재래종달걀의 구입장소는 계란판매점(축협.농협), 슈퍼, 백화점, 재래닭 사육 농장등 다양하였으며 포장단위는 10개를 가장 선호하였고, 포장재료는 종이, 플라스틱, 짚의 순으로 좋아하였다. $\bigcirc$ 달걀의 가격은 200원정도를 적정하다고 하였으며, 크기는 (평균 52g)는 가장 적당하다고 인식하고 있으며, 난각색은 대부분의 응답자가 갈색을 선호하였다. $\bigcirc$ 재래종달걀의 구입시 애로사항은 믿을수 없고, 구입장소를 몰라서, 값

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.631-638
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• 2007

This study investigated the influences of a student-centered analogical instruction using physical analogies upon students' conception and application, retention of conception and application, perceptions of science classroom environment, and perceptions of analogical instruction. Six classes of seventh graders (N=208) at a middle school in Seoul were assigned to the control, the teacher-centered analogy (TCA), and the student-centered analogy (SCA) groups. They were taught about 'three states of matter' and 'motion of molecules' for 8 class hours. Analysis of the results revealed that the scores of the SCA group were significantly higher than those of the other groups in the conception test, retention test of conception and application, and perception test of science classroom environment. The scores of the SCA group in the application test were also higher than those of the other groups, but there was a significant difference only between the control and the SCA groups. The TCA group performed significantly better than the control group only in the test of the retention of application. In addition, the students in the SCA group exhibited more positive perceptions of the analogical instruction than those in the TCA group. Educational implications are discussed.

• 한국유가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1996.11a
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• pp.18-29
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• 1996

1. CWPC중의 새로운 생리활성물질의 검색 Mouse 임파세포의 증식효과를 지표로 하는 면역기능을 검토하여 CWPC중의 면역 부활작용을 갖는 새로운 성분의 검색을 실시하였다. CWPC를 여러 가지 분획법으로 분획하여 mouse 임파세포의 증식효과를 지표로 면역 활성성분을 검색하였다. 그 결과 gel filtration, 음이온교환법을 사용하여 분획한 당을 다량 포함한 부분에 강한 면역부활담당세포에 대하여 증식활성을 나타내는 물질을 발견하였다. 이 물질은 SDS-PAGE상에서 분자량이 약 16kDa에 위치하여 Ca, P 및 당쇄를 포함한 물질이며, 이것을 GPP로 하였다. GPP에는 우유케이신의 trypsin분해물이며 Ca와 무기인을 풍부하게 포함하는 ${\beta}$-CPP와 유사한 phosphoserin 영역을 갖는 성분과 갖지 않는 성분의 2종류가 존재하며, 각각의 면역 부활활성이 인정되었다. 각 성분의 아미노산 분석, 당 분석의 결과에서 지금까지 보고된 우유중의 면역 담당세포에 대한 증식활성을 갖는 물질과는 상이한 성분인 것으로 밝혀졌다. 더욱이 이 활성물질 (GPP)은 PP cell에서도 동등한 활성이 있는 것으로 판단되었다. 이러한 결과를 종합하여 보면 CWPC중에서 지금까지 알려지지 않았던 새로운 면역 부활물질이 존재하며, 그 성분에는 CPP와 유사한 phophoserine 영역이 존재하는 성분이 포함되어 있고, N-글리코실 결합의 당쇄가 존재하는 것으로 시사되었다. 이 성분은 전신면역의 지표인 비장세포에 대해서만이 아니고, 장관면역계에 중요한 역할을 담당하는 PP cell에서도 활성이 있는 것으로 보아 전신 및 국부적인 면역기능의 부활성분으로서 응용의 가능성이 시사되었다. 2. GPP의 면역담당세포에 대한 증식활성의 메카니즘의 검토 CWPC중의 GPP의 면역담당세포증식활성의 메카니즘을 해명하기 위해 먼저 이 성분중의 어느 부분이 활성에 관여하는지를 pronase 분해 및 phophoserine 영역을 인식하는 항체를 사용하여 검토하였다. 그 결과 pronase 분해처리에서도 활성의 감소를 나타내지 않았으므로 이러한 활성에는 당이 필수 불가결하다는 점이 시사되었다. 또한 phosphoserine 영역을 인식하는 항체에 의해서도 활성은 감소하지 않는 것으로 보아 phosphoserine 영역이 세포증식활성에 관여하지 않는 것으로 판단되었다. 또한 분획한 면역담당세포에 대한 증식활성을 측정하는 것으로 이 성분의 표적면역담당세포를 동정하여, B세포에 대해서만 특이적으로 증식활성을 나타내는 것으로 밝혀졌다.