• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.130-137
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• 2011

Pedicularis growing at Mt. Halla of Jeju Island is known as an endemic species of P. hallaisanensis Hurusawa. On the other hand, the plant is morphologically similar to P. amoena, P. spicata, and P. verticillata in gross morphology, so the taxonomic treatment of the taxon remains controversial. To clarify the taxonomic position of the plants, we examined external morphological characters and nuclear ribosomal DNA ITS sequences for P. hallaisanensis and its related species. The plants of Mt. Halla are clearly different from P. amoena and P. verticillata in the morphology of calyx lobes, the length of galea and lower lip, density of glandular hairs on plants, presences of the radical leaves after anthesis and molecular data. However, P. hallaisanensis is not clearly separated from P. spicata distributed in N. E. Asia on external morphological characters and DNA sequences of internal transcribed spacers. In this study, the morphological and molecular data suggested that P. hallaisanensis should be merged into the former species.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2012

Since the cement industry is expected to face serious setbacks in the near future associated with environmental concerns. With the advent of new technologies and increased public awareness about global environmental issues, the cement industry is actively seeking to adopt new technologies as part of an effort to diversity its resources. This study is designed to assess the fundamental properties of zeolite cement concrete which consists mainly of natural zeolite, which is known for removal of and harmful gas, ion exchange capacity removing cation contaminant including heavy metals and ammonia, absorptive capacity and molecular sieving effect together with excellent insulation capacity as a porous material, and recently draws much attention for its possibility as an alternative material to cement. The study was conducted to show the compressive strength of concrete, slump, bleeding and air volume according to the changes of natural zeolite and alkali activator(NaOH). As a result of measuring the compressive strength of natural zeolite concrete, it was almost 40MPa and displayed similar to general concrete in the tests of slump, bleeding and air volume, with which it was considered that it may be used as a future high performance, high performance construction material.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.15-30
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• 2002

최근 화장품 사용인구의 증가와 안전성에 대한 관심 증대에 따라 화장품 중 유해성분 함유에 대한 논란이 종종 있어왔다. 화장품에 대한 전문적 지식이 없는 사람들에 의하여 진행된 잘못된 정보로 인하여 화장품 중에 포함된 모든 중금속이 인체에 심각한 영향을 초래한다는 등의 오해를 불러와 관련 업계에 적지 않은 피해를 주기도 하였다. 이에 본 자료에서는 구체적 근거자료와 연구 논문들을 기반으로 유해한 중금속, 안전하여 사용이 공인된 중금속 등을 조사하여 화장품에서의 중금속의 개념을 정립하고자 하였다. 국내에서는 식품의약품안전청 고시 제2000-27호에 화장품에 포함되었을 때 유해한 중금속으로 납, 비소 및 수은을 명시하고 그 규제농도를 규정하고 있다. 규제 중금속은 아니지만 피부에 알러지를 일으키는 중금속으로는 니켈이 있는데 화장품 중 몇몇 제품군에서 소량(수∼수십ppm) 이 검출되기도 한다. 그러나 이는 일상으로 사용하는 각종 귀금속, 시계, 안경테, 클립, 지퍼 등의 금속 용품에 포함된 니켈의 양(수∼수십%)에 비하여 매우 적은 양이며 정상적인 사람에게는 무해하다. 실제 대다수의 니켈 알러지는 화장품이 아닌 귀금속이나 시계 등의 금속류 제품 등에 의하여 유발된다. 또한 많은 종류의 중금속 화합물이 화장품 원료로 사용되고 있다. 전세계적으로 널리 사용되는 것으로 크롬, 망간, 비스머스, 구리, 철, 코발트, 티타늄, 아연 등의 화합물이 있으며 이들은 각종 화장품 공정서 및 원료집 등에 수재되어 사용되고 있다. 이들 중 코발트와 크롬이 피부에 유해하다는 몇몇 보고가 있지만, 이는 이들 원소의 수용성염형태의 특정 화합물인 cobalt chloride와 chromate 및 dichromate의 염에 관한 것으로 화장품에서 사용되는 불용성 산화물인 cobalt aluminum oxide, cobalt titanium oxide, cobalt blue, chromium oxde greens 및 chromium hydroide green 등, 국제적으로 널리 사용되는 안전한 중금속 화합물과는 그 특성 및 독성이 판이하게 다르다. 따라서 화장품에서는 매우 안전한 중금속 화합물만이 사용된다. 업계는 유해 중금속에 관해서는 규제에 입각한 엄격한 품질관리에 힘쓰고 중금속의 화학적 분자구조(수용성염 vs 불용성산화물)를 구별할 수 있는 분석방법 개발에 주력하여야 한다. 그리고 안전한 화장품을 사용하고자 하는 소비자의 욕구를 충족시키고 잘못된 인식과 보도로 인하여 안전한 화장품이 유해한 것으로 오도되는 것을 막아야 할 것이다.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.261-264
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• 2019

Eupatorium rugosum Houtt. is known to be an alien invasive species and is listed as an ecosystem disturbance species in Korea. There is also an eastern North American species Ageratina altissima (L.) R. M. King & H. Rob. similarly dispersed in Korea. This article aims to clarify the taxonomic confusion regarding the species. The two names refer to the same species originally described as Ageratum altissimum by Linnaeus in his Species Plantarum. Ageratum altissimum was transferred to the genus Eupatorium and later to Ageratina. Eupatorium rugosum is the replacement name in Eupatorium because of E. altissimum L., an existing name based on the different type. When the species was transferred to Ageratina, A. altissima was published based on its basionym, as the epithet "altissima" was available in the genus. It seems that taxonomic confusion regarding the species in Korea is due to the recognition of the names as different taxa. Ageratina altissima is the correct name for the species based on morphological and molecular data.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.55-61
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• 2022

There is a major interest in diagnostic technology for multiple cancers worldwide. In order to reduce the difficulty of cancer diagnosis, a liquid biopsy technology based on a microfluidic device using trace amounts of biofluids such as blood is being studied. And optical biosensing, which measures the concentration of analytes through fluorescence imaging using biofluids, requires various strategies to improve sensitivity, and specialists and equipment are needed to carry out these strategies. This leads to an increase in diagnostic and production costs, and it is necessary to develop a technology to solve this problem. In this paper, we design and propose a fluorescent multi-cancer diagnostic sensing platform structure that implements passive self-separation technology and molecular recognition activation functions by fluid mixing, only with the geometry and microfluidic phenomena of microchannels based on self-driven flow by capillary force. In order to check the parameters affecting the performance of the plasma separation part of the designed sensor, the hydrodynamic diameter of the channel and the viscosity of the fluid were set as variables to confirm the formation of plasma separation flow through simulation. And finally, we propose an optimal sensor platform structure.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.45 no.9
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• pp.1106-1113
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• 2002

Purpose : Nuclear ($factor-{\kappa}BNF-{\kappa}B$) is now recognized as playing a potential role in programmed cell death and the adaptive response to various stress. Cellular hypoxia is a primary manifestation of many cardiovascular diseases. It seems that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and insulin like growth factor-I(IGF-I) have a function as a protective molecule in the heart against several stress including hypoxia. In this study, the role of $NF-{\kappa}B$ to the cellular response and regulation of protective molecules against the acute hypoxia in the heart was studied. Methods : To cause acute hypoxic stress to the heart, Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to hypoxic chamer($N_2$ 92% and $O_2$ 8%). After the hypoxic exposure, nuclear proteins, total proteins and mRNA were isolated from heart. Translocation of the transcription factors $NF-{\kappa}B$, NF-ATc, AP-1 and NKX-2.5 were evaluated by electrophoretic mobility shift assay(EMSA). The expression of IGF-I and VEGF were studied before and after the hypoxic stress by competitive-PCR, Northern hybridization and Western hybridization. To confirm the role of the $NF-{\kappa}B$ in the heart, the rats also were pretreated with diethyl-dithiocarbamic acid(DDTC) into peritoneal cavity to block $NF-{\kappa}B$ translocation into nucleus. Results : The expression of $NF-{\kappa}B$, AP-1 and NF-ATc were increased by the hypoxic stress. Increased expression of the VEGF and IGF-I were also observed by the hypoxic stress. However, the blocking of the $NF-{\kappa}B$ translocation reduced those expressions of VEGF and IGF-I. Conclusion : These results suggest that $NF-{\kappa}B$ has a protective role against the acute hypoxia through several gene expression, especially VEGF and IGF-I in heart muscle.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.549-553
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• 2011

This study was performed to determine whether or not urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) levels can be accurately detected by our 1-OHP-detecting $TiO_2$-Bead-HPLC assay that we developed based on the molecular imprinting method. Our method showed a variation coefficient of 4.97% and a between-day variation coefficient of 4.43%, suggesting that this may be a very stable method. In addition, the recovery rate of 1-OHP from a mixture of 1-OHP and similar substances using our $TiO_2$-Bead-HPLC method was estimated to be 105.6%. The correlation coefficient between the conventional enzyme-HPLC method and this new method was 0.74 (p<0.01) when the urine samples were tested. Based on this result, it is conceivable that our method could be a useful technique for measuring urinary 1-OHP levels. Moreover, our method has some advantages of being easier and less expensive than the conventional method. The results of this study suggest that our method can facilitate the development of a urine 1-OHP sensor using $TiO_2$-coating beads and that development of beads by molecular imprinting can be applied to analysis of chemicals other than 1-OHP.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.11
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• pp.1361-1368
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• 2018

Inflammation is the most common condition in the human body. Tissue damage triggers inflammation, together with vasodilation and increased blood flow at the inflamed site, resulting in edema. Inflammatory responses are also triggered by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a Toll-like receptor Enterococcus faecalis, a gram-positive organism, has been reported to possess immunomodulatory and preventive activities; however, its use may present risks of sepsis and other systemic infections. Heat-killed Enterococcus faecalis (EF-2001) has been reported to induce antitumor activity, but its effects on inflammation are not known. In the present study, we investigated the effect of EF-2001 on LPS-induced macrophage inflammatory responses. EF-2001 treatment reduced nitric oxide (NO) production, indicating suppression of inflammatory reactions. EF-2001 showed no cytotoxicity in macrophages. Further investigation of the anti-inflammatory mechanism of EF-2001 indicated that EF-2001 reduced the LPS-induced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2. EF-2001 also reduced f the LPS induction of several inflammatory molecules involved in the nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$ ($NF-{\kappa}B$) and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways, including ERK, JNK, and p38 phosphorylation, in a concentration-dependent manner. Additionally, EF-2001 inhibited Akt phosphorylation and increased the expression of the inhibitory ${\kappa}B$ ($I{\kappa}B$) protein, an inhibitor of $NF-{\kappa}B$. EF-2001 also inhibited the nuclear translocation of p65. These results suggest that EF-2001 has anti-inflammatory properties and may be useful for treating inflammatory diseases.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.163-168
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze relation between dental health beliefs and dental health behavior in the high grade students of elementary school, so importance of dental health beliefs has been emphasized as a factor affecting dental health behavior. Methods: The subjects in this study were 490 students of 4, 5 and 6th grade students from elementary school in Daegu areas. The data was collected through a structured questionnaire on June 26, 2006. For data analysis, One-way ANOVA, T-test and Pearson's correlation test were utilized. Result: 1) Frequency of visit at dental clinic for one years was significantly correlated with academic years, also frequency of toothbrushing one day was significant difference with sex distinction. 2) Frequency of toothbrushing one day was significantly correlated with their's susceptibility and barrier. 3) Frequency of visit at dental clinic for one years was significantly correlated with their's susceptibility and seriousness. 4) Frequency of intake cariogenic food for one day was significantly correlated with their's susceptibility, seriousness, benefit and barrier. Conclusions: We found that student's dental health beliefs was significantly correlated with dental health behavior, so school health educators should encourage students to have properly dental care habits for lifelong dental health with practical education.

• Proceedings of the International Microelectronics And Packaging Society Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.37-39
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• 2001

21세기의 벽두부터 국내외적으로 활발히 논의되고 있는 나노기술에 대한 정의를 생각해보는 것으로부터 우리가 나아갈 방향을 살펴보고자 한다. 나노기술이란, 원자 하나 하나 혹은 분자단위의 조작을 통해 1~100nm정도의 범위 안에서 근본적으로 새로운 물질이나 구조체를 만들어 내는 기술을 말한다. 즉 앞으로 우리는 경험해 보지 못한 새로운 현상에 대한 이해를 할 수 있어야 하고, 새로운 물질 자체를 다룰 수 있는 방법이 우리가 해야 할 구체적인 일이 될 것이란 말이 된다. 뿐만 아니라 나노기술은 종래의 정보.통신.전자 분야에서 주로 추구하던 마이크로화와 달리 재료, 기계, 전자, 의학, 약학, 에너지, 환경, 화학, 생물학, 농학, 정보, 보안기술 등 과학기술 분야 전반을 위시하여 사회분야가지 새로운 인식과 철학적인 이해가 필요하게 되었다. 21세기를 맞은 인류가 나아갈 방향을 나노세계에 대한 도전으로 보아야 하며, 과학기술의 새로운 틀을 제공할 것 임에 틀림 없다. 그러나, 이와 같은 나노기술의 출발점을 살펴보면 VLSI기술로 통칭할 수 있는 마이크로전자소자 기술이란 점이다. 국내의 VLSI기술은 메모리기술이라고 해도 과언이 아닐 것이다. 문제는 종래의 메모리기술은 대규모 투자와 집중적인 인력양성을 통해서 세계 최고 수준에 도달 할 수 있었다. 그러나 여기까지 오는 동안 사식 우리는 선진국의 뒷꽁무니를 혼신의 힘을 다해 뒤쫓아 온 결과라고 보아도 틀리지 않는다. 즉, 앞선자를 보고 뒤쫓는 사람은 갈방향과 목표가 분명하므로 최선을 다하면 따라 잡을 수 있다. 그런데 나노기술은 앞선 사람이 없다는 점이 큰 차이이다 따라서 뒷껑무니를 쫓아가는 습성을 가지고는 개척해 나갈 수 없다는 점을 깨닫지 않으면 안된다. 그런 점에서 이 시간 나노기술의 국내외 현황을 살펴보고 우리가 어떻게 할 것인가를 생각해 보는데 의미가 있을 것이다.하여 분석한 결과 기존의 제한된 RICH-DP는 실시간 서비스에 대한 처리율이 낮아지며 서비스 시간이 보장되지 못했다. 따라서 실시간 서비스에 대한 새로운 제안된 기법을 제안하고 성능 평가한 결과 기존의 RICH-DP보다 성능이 향상됨을 확인 할 수 있었다.(actual world)에서 가상 관성 세계(possible inertia would)로 변화시켜서, 완수동사의 종결점(ending point)을 현실세계에서 가상의 미래 세계로 움직이는 역할을 한다. 결과적으로, IMP는 완수동사의 닫힌 완료 관점을 현실세계에서는 열린 미완료 관점으로 변환시키되, 가상 관성 세계에서는 그대로 닫힌 관점으로 유지 시키는 효과를 가진다. 한국어와 영어의 관점 변환 구문의 차이는 각 언어의 지속부사구의 어휘 목록의 전제(presupposition)의 차이로 설명된다. 본 논문은 영어의 지속부사구는 논항의 하위간격This paper will describe the application based on this approach developed by the authors in the FLEX EXPRIT IV n$^{\circ}$EP29158 in the Work-package "Knowledge Extraction & Data mining"where the information captured from digital newspapers is extracted and reused in tourist information context.terpolation performance of CNN was relatively better than NN.콩과 자연 콩이 성분 분석에서 차이를 나타내지 않았다는 점, 네 번째. 쥐를 통한 다양섭취 실험에서 아무런 이상 반응이 없었다는 점등의 결과를 기준으로 알레르기에 대한 개별 검사 없이 안전한