• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.591-597
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• 1997

Cardiopulmonary bypass in children is associated with capillary leak which results in an increase in total body water after open heart surgery The purpose of these studies was to assess the cardiopulmonary effects of modified ultrafiltration after pediatric open heart surgery Study h: Twenty-six consecutive children aged 0.1 ~ 10 years(median 7 months) underwent cardiac operation inc rporating modified ultrafiltration. After completion of cardiopulmonary bypass, modified ultrafiltration was commenced at the flow rate of 100~ 15011min for 3 ~ 14 min. After modified ultrafiltration, elevation of hematocrit(28.3% $\pm$ 3.6% vs. 33.8olo $\pm$ 4.Ooloi p < 0.001), increased systolic 1)loots Pressure(66.7 $\pm$ 11.2mmHg vs. 76.2$\pm$ 11.BmmHg, p < 0.02), and decreased central venous pressure(7.8 $\pm$ 3.7mmHg vs. 6.9$\pm$ 2.gmmHg, p<0.001) were observed. Study B: Twenty-six children who underwent cardiac operation with the diagnosis of VSD under 2 years were assigned to control(n= 14) or modified ultrafiltration(n= 12). Peak inspiratory pressure checked immediately after operation was significantly lower in modified ultrafiltration group than in control group(20.0$\pm$ 2.4 cmH20 vs.22.4$\pm$ 2.3cmH20, p < 0.03). Modified ultrafiltration after cardiopillmonary bypass in children improves early homodynamics and pulmonary mechanics, and represents an excellent option for perioperative managemen of accumulation of fluid in the tissues. We will continually employ the modified ultrafiltration technique in pediatric cardiac operations.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2015.08a
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• pp.93.1-93.1
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• 2015

근래 디스플레이 분야에서 OLED가 시장을 주도하면서 이 공정에 가장 적합한 진공펌프로 크라이오 펌프가 주목을 받고 있다. 화소 형성 공정에 사용되는 유기물이 수분에 취약하기 때문인데, 크라이오 펌프가운데서 특별히 수분만 집중적으로 배기할 수 있는 워터펌프(CWP or cold trap)가 각광받고 있다. 이에 HM GVT는 중소기업청 중소기업개발지원사업의 일환으로 진행된 2014년도 구매조건부 신제품 개발사업에 선정되어 '극저온 G-M냉동기를 이용한 대용량 Cold Trap개발' 과제를 수행하면서 32인치 급으로 수분에 대해서 30,000 [L/s] 이상의 배기속도를 가지는 대형 CWP를 개발하고 있다(수요처: (주)아바코). 통상적으로 흡기구가 30인치라면 수분 배기속도는 대략 65,000 L/s에 이르고 200 W 냉각능력이면 최대 수분 분압 0.008 mbar에서 작동시킬 수 있다. 따라서 1차년도의 목표는 큰 배기용량과 대형 사이즈의 CWP를 개발하기 위해 80 K에서 200 W 이상의 냉동능력을 보유한 단단 G-M 극저온냉동기를 선행 개발하는 것이다. 이에 현재 최대 냉동능력 80 K에 130 W의 냉동능력을 가지는 HPS055모델을 이용하여 다양한 예비시험들을 수행하여 최적의 설계인자들을 도출하였고 이를 근거로 80 K에서 200 W 이상의 냉동능력을 가지는 HPS80200모델을 설계 및 제작, 성능시험을 수행하였다. 이에 국내 최초로 80 K에서 200 W의 냉동능력을 가지는 단단 G-M냉동기를 개발하였고 설계 및 제작에 대한 원천기술을 확보할 수 있었다.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2003.11b
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• pp.51-54
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• 2003

지금까지 통상적으로 사용하고 있는 Plasma Lighting System(이하 PLS)의 마그네트론 구동용 고전압, 고전류 전원장치는 성층 철심 HVT를 이용한 방식을 적용하고 있다. 이 방식은 상용 주파수를 사용하므로, 승압트랜스포머나 배 전압용의 커패시터를 대형으로 하기 때문에 고중량, 저효율 및 출력의 한계성과 광출력에서 플리커현상 둥의 단점을 지닌다. 이의 해결책으로 최근 인버터 방식의 전원장치를 PLS에 적용 하고자 하는 연구가 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 설계한 PLS 마그네트론 구동을 위한 고전압, 고전류 전원장치는 기존의 스위칭 기술을 이용 낮은 스위칭 손실의 고속 스위칭을 통한 시스템의 소형, 경량화 및 고전력밀도를 가지도록 하였고 $\mu$-com을 이용하여 Micro-wave의 누설에 따른 사고를 방지하기 위하여 광 검출과 마그네트론 온도 검출 등의 시스템 보호 기능을 가지고 있으며, 고전압 출력을 고저 항으로 분압하고 PWM 제어기에 피드백하여 매우 안정된 출력 전압이 얻어지도록 하였다. 또한 출력 전류를 제한 할 수 있게 하여 광량 조절이 가능하도록 하였다.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers C
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• v.48 no.12
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• pp.777-784
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• 1999

Since the ultra-high voltage power apparatus are recommended to withstand switching surge generated from the electric power system, the switching impulse voltage is generally used to verify this requirement at the testing laboratories. Recently, the international standard(IEC 60060-2) related to the high voltage measurement techniques is revised requiring a traceability of measuring system for high voltage measurements. In this paper, a reference divider for switching impulse voltage is developed satisfying the revised. IEC standard and the possibility of applications has been investigated. Therefore, the characteristics of the high and low voltage side resistor and the shielding ring have been analyzed including the step response characteristics of the prototype divider. Throughout various efforts, it is confirmed that our measuring device has shown compatible characteristics as a reference divider.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Energy Engineering kosee Conference
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• 1994.05a
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• pp.9-14
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• 1994

알카리금속염 (K$_2$CO$_3$, $K_2$SO$_4$). 알카리 토금속염 (Ba(NO$_3$)$_2$), 철족금속염(Ni(NO$_3$)$_2$, FeSO$_4$) 으로 이루어진 여러가지 혼합물들이 반응온도 700~85$0^{\circ}C$ 하의 촤-수증기 가스화반응에서 나타내는 촉매활성을 열천칭 반응기를 사용하여 측정하였다. 비촉매 가스화반응에서 초기반응성은 수증기 분압에 비례하였다. 촉매 가스화반응에서 단일염 촉매의 경우 $K_2$CO$_3$ 가 가장 큰 활성을 나타내었으며, 다른 염들은 낮은 활성을 보였다. 혼합염의 경우 $K_2$SO$_4$에 철족염을 부가함에 따라 반응속도가 향상되었으며, $K_2$SO$_4$+Ni(NO$_3$)$_2$가 가장 큰 촉매활성을 나타내었다. $K_2$SO$_4$와 Ni(NO$_3$)$_2$ 의 촉매 활성은 담지량에 따라 증가하며, 석탄의 등급에 따라 감소하였다. $K_2$SO$_4$와 Ni(NO$_3$)$_2$의 혼합비는 같은 몰비로 혼합하였을때 가장 큰 활성을 나타내었다.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.491-498
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• 2015

We investigated the effect of constant rate infusion (CRI) with doxapram on cardiopulmonary function during total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) with remifentanil and propofol CRI in dogs. Fifteen male Beagle dogs were randomly divided into 3 groups. All groups were premedicated with medetomidine ($20{\mu}g/kg$, IV) and anesthetized by remifentanil/propofol CRI for one and half hour. At the initiating of the anesthesia, different doses of doxapram for each group were administrated as the followings; D1 group - doxapram 0.25 mg/kg bolus followed by doxapram $8.33{\mu}g/kg/min$, D2 group - doxapram 2 mg/kg bolus followed by doxapram $66.66{\mu}g/kg/min$, control group - normal saline. The anesthetic depth for surgery was well maintained in all groups throughout the anesthetic periods. The respiratory rate was significantly higher in D2 group than that of control group (p < 0.05). The values of $PaO_2$ and $SaO_2$ were significantly increased in both D1 and D2 groups compared with control group (p < 0.05). High dose of doxapram (D2 group) significantly decreased the level of $PaCO_2$ compared with control group (p < 0.05). The values of systolic, mean and diastolic arterial pressure were significantly increased in doxapram 2 group (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the values of heart rate and pH of arterial blood. Therefore, doxapram CRI may be useful to alleviate the suppression of cardiopulmonary function including hypoxia and hypotension during TIVA with remifentanil and propofol in dogs.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.190-200
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• 1996

Background : Mechanical ventilation constitutes the last therapeutic method for acute respiratory failure when oxygen therapy and medical treatment fail to improve the respiratory status of the patient. This invasive ventilation, classically administered by endotracheal intubation or by tracheostomy, is associated with significant mortality and morbidity. Consequently, any less invasive method able to avoid the use of endotracheal ventilation would appear to be useful in high risk patient. Over recent years, the efficacy of nasal mask ventilation has been demonstrated in the treatment of chronic restrictive respiratory failure, particularly in patients with neuromuscular diseases. More recently, this method has been successfully used in the treatment of acute respiratory failure due to parenchymal disease. Method : We assessed the efficacy of Bilevel positive airway pressure(BiPAP) in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD). This study prospectively evaluated the clinical effectiveness of a treatment schedule with positive pressure ventilation via nasal mask(Respironics BiPAP device) in 22 patients with acute exacerbations of COPD. Eleven patients with acute exacerbations of COPD were treated with nasal pressure support ventilation delivered via a nasal ventilatory support system plus standard treatment for 3 consecutive days. An additional 11 control patients were treated only with standard treatment. The standard treatment consisted of medical and oxygen therapy. The nasal BiPAP was delivered by a pressure support ventilator in spontaneous timed mode and at an inspiratory positive airway pressure $6-8cmH_2O$ and an expiratory positive airway pressure $3-4cmH_2O$. Patients were evaluated with physical examination(respiratory rate), modified Borg scale and arterial blood gas before and after the acute therapeutic intervention. Results : Pretreatment and after 3 days of treatment, mean $PaO_2$ was 56.3mmHg and 79.1mmHg (p<0.05) in BiPAP group and 56.9mmHg and 70.2mmHg (p<0.05) in conventional treatment (CT) group and $PaCO_2$ was 63.9mmHg and 56.9mmHg (p<0.05) in BiPAP group and 53mmHg and 52.8mmHg in CT group respectively. pH was 7.36 and 7.41 (p<0.05) in BiPAP group and 7.37 and 7.38 in cr group respectively. Pretreatment and after treatment, mean respiratory rate was 28 and 23 beats/min in BiPAP group and 25 and 20 beats/min in CT group respectively. Borg scale was 7.6 and 4.7 in BiPAP group and 6.4 and 3.8 in CT group respectively. There were significant differences between the two groups in changes of mean $PaO_2$, $PaCO_2$ and pH respectively. Conclusion: We conclude that short-term nasal pressure-support ventilation delivered via nasal BiPAP in the treatment of acute exacerbation of COPD, is an efficient mode of assisted ventilation for improving blood gas values and dyspnea sensation and may reduce the need for endotracheal intubation with mechanical ventilation.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.639-645
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• 2009

In this study, alkanolamine was used to achieve high absorption rates for $CO_2$ as suggested at several literatures. The absorption rates of aqueous AMP and MEA solutions with $CO_2$, $SO_2$, $NO_2$ were measured using a stirredcell reactor. The reaction rate constants were determined from the measured absorption rates. The performances were evaluated under various operating conditions. As a result, the reactions with $SO_2$, $NO_2$ into aqueous AMP and MEA solutions were classified as an instantaneous reaction respectively. The absorption rates increased with increase of the reaction temperature and the concentration of absorbents. The simultaneous absorption rate of $CO_2/SO_2/NO_2$ into 3, 5, 10 wt.% MEA at various pressure of $CO_2/SO_2/NO_2$, was more increased 14~20% than AMP solution. We investigated the effect of $SO_2$ and $NO_2$ on the simultaneous absorption of $CO_2/SO_2/NO_2$ from a flue gas. The performances were evaluated under various operating conditions in order to investigate the absorption characteristic.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.206-213
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• 2001

Gasification kinetics of an Indonesian sub-bituminous coal-char with $CO_2$at elevated pressure was investigated with a pressurised drop tube furnace reactor. The effects of reaction temperature (900~140$0^{\circ}C$), partial pressure of carbon dioxide (0.1~0.5 MPa), and total system pressure (0.5, 0.7, 1.0, 1.5MPa) on gasification rate of the coal char with $CO_2$have been determined. It was found that the gasification rate was dependent on the total system pressure with the same partial pressure and temperature. The $n^{th}$ order rate equation (R=k $P^{g}$ $_{asn}$) was modified to be R=k $P^{g}$ $_{asn}$ $P^{m}$ $_{total}$ to describe the gasification rate where the total system pressure was changed. The gasification reaction rate of char-$CO_2$at high temperature and elevated pressure may be expressed as dX/dt=(174.1)exp(-71.5/RT)( $P_{CO2}$)0.40( $P_{total}$ )0.65(1-X)$^{2}$ 3/.X> 3/.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.506-512
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• 2013

Biomass and low-grade coals are known to be better potential sources of energy compared to crude oil and natural gas since these materials are readily available and found to have large reserves, respectively. Gasification of these carbonaceous materials produced syngas for chemical synthesis and power generation. Woodchip, sawdust and lignite were gasified with steam in a thermobalance reactor under atmospheric pressure in order to evaluate their kinetic rate information. The effects of gasification temperature ($600{\sim}900^{\circ}C$) and partial pressure of steam (20~90 kPa) on the gasification rate were investigated. The three different types of gas-solid reaction models were applied to the experimental data to predict the behavior of the gasification reactions. The modified volumetric model predicted the conversion data well, thus the model was used to evaluate kinetic parameters in this study. The observed activation energy of biomass, sawdust and lignite gasification reactions were found to be in reasonable range and their rank was found to be sawdust > woodchip > lignite. The expression of apparent reaction rates for steam gasification of the three solids was proposed to provide basic information on the design of coal gasification processes.