• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.3-14
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• 1999

Objective：This study was designed to investigate the difference between executive function of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD) group and that of neurotics, and to investigate the developmental aspects of ADHD group's executive function. Method：Executive function between ADHD(N=87) and Neurotics(N=19) was evaluated through their performance on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. The results were analyzed by 2-way ANOVA and t-test. Results：The results revealed group difference between ADHD and neurotics in total correct reponses, total error responses, nonperseverative errors, number of categories completed, conceptual level responses. There was no significant difference between the performance of 8-12 aged group and 13-15 aged group. But 7-8 aged group showed significantly poor performance than 8-12 aged in total responses, total error responses, perseverative responses, perseverative error responses, nonperseverative error responses. Conclusions：In comparison to the neurotics group, the children of ADHD group are suggested to be lacking the ability to correct their responses according to the external feedback and they probably respond randomly without self-control. However, as there is no difference between perseverative errors and perseverative responses, the interpretation of this finding warrants caution. It also suggests that the developmental aspects should be considered in the studies of executive functions because there are differences in the performance of executive functions by ages.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.699-715
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• 1996

This paper examines the cross-sectional development of children's conception of place. Previous research by Piaget and Weil, Jahoda, Daggs has questioned how young children develop the ablity to comprehend place. Oral interview and graphic test were made vy the children at the age of 5-14, in order to attain information on their knowledge, understanding and feeling about place. These data were used ti indentify developmental stages through cluster analysis. The results suggest that young children's conception of place develops with an identifiable 4 stages. There is no significant difference in development of conception of place between the 2nd year of kindergarten and the 1st year of elementary school, or the between the 5th, 6th year of elementary school and 1st, 2nd year of middle school. Rather, the 4th year of elementary school is an important and crucial truning point in the development of children's conception of place. It is concluded that children's conception of place develops in line with Piaget's general cognitive developmental theory in which the pre-conceptual stage ends at age 7 and the concrete-operation stage starts at age 11 to 12.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.73-84
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• 2015

In this research, two careers connectable with the contents of the curriculum of fifth to sixth grade elementary school students were selected among other promising future careers in biotechnology and medical engineering fields. 'Design-based promising future career STEAM program' was developed and its validity and effectiveness were verified. Reflecting recent issues, and complying with the STEAM standard (frame) instructional materials were developed through group deliberations for nine months, based on the achievement standards through an analysis of subject curriculum revised in 2009. This was prepared so that students are able to experience biotechnology and medical engineering related careers in a simulational form emphasized with creative design to make them prefer natural sciences and engineering careers and draw their interests and recognition of the relevant careers under the two disciplines. As a result of such application to STEAM Leader School students at the verification stage of the program, the contents and level of the program were verified suitable, receiving favorable reviews. And as a result of applying the developed program on other elementary school students, it was discovered that significant improvements were found in their career consciousness. Through this research, it was suggested that there is a need for a simplification of the curriculum content standards, a provision of 'standard for integration,' development of teachers' ability in reconstituting or organizing the STEAM and proceeding classes, continuous long-term support to see the effects of a policy or a program, and a reinforcement of career education integrated in the curriculum.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.143-163
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• 2014

This study developed a National Competency Standard(NCS) regarding the casino operations management based on the manual for developing National Competency Standard of 13 years and a revised classification system chart of the National Competency Standard. For the research method, this study developed a national competency standard of relevant jobs after going through review, consultation, modification, supplementation, and reporting procedures 10 times with development experts of the National Competency Standard, the industrial setting professionals, education and training experts, qualification(job analysis) experts, facilitators, and a working group of job verification committee based on the phased range and DACUM procedure of study. The major development results of this study are as follows. First, this study selected and defined duties based on the revised classification system chart of the National Competency Standard, then drew and developed total 8 ability units based on the applicable duties. Secondly, based on the developed ability units, total 27 ability unit factors were deduced and developed. Thirdly, a standard system by ability unit factor was developed based on the level of the national competency standard and revised classification system chart, then this study deduced and developed a supra-domain of the standard system by competency units using the standard tranquility value by these competency unit factors. Based on such development contents and guidelines for the national competency standard ability unit classification number, this study deduced and developed category numbers by relevant competency unit. Fourthly, total 27 relevant performance standard by competency units and knowledge, skill, and attitude were deduced and developed. Fifthly, this study deduced and developed a scope of application, work situation, evaluation guide, core competency, and development history in reference to the total 8 relevant competency units based on the duties.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.14
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• pp.3-51
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• 2006

In this paper, I applied known theories of appraisal and re-appraisal to the Japanese Colonial Archives and the Colonial City Planing Archives in Korea. The purpose of this application to some of sample archives was to develop a useful and effective approach to appraise the archives which were not appraised before they were determined to be "permanent" archives by the Japanese colonial officials. The colonial archives have lost their context and "chain of custody." A large portion of their volume also disappeared. Only thirty thousands volumes survived. The appraisal theories and related issues applied to and tested on these archives are; "original natures" of archives defined by Sir. Hillary Jenkinson, Schellenburg's information value appraisal theory, the re-appraisal theory based on economy of preservation and prospect for use of the archives, function-based appraisal theory and documentation theory, the special nature of the archives as unique, old and rare colonial archives, the intrinsic value of the archives, especially the city planing maps and drawings, and finally, the determination of the city planing archives as permanent archives according to the contemporary and modern disposal authority. The colonial archives tested were not naturally self-proven authentic and trustworthy records as many other archives are. They lost their chain of custody and they do not guarantee the authenticity and sincerity of the producers. They need to be examined and reviewed critically before they are used as historical evidence or any material which documented the contemporary society. Rapport's re-appraisal theory simply does not fit into these rare historical archives. The colonial archives have intrinsic values. Though these archives represent some aspects of the colonial society, they can not document the colonial society since they are just survived remains or a little part of the whole archives created. The functions and the structure of the Government General of Korea(朝鮮總督府) were not fully studied yet and hardly can be used to determine the archival values of the archives created in some parts of the colonial apparatus. The actual appraisal methods proved to be effective in the case of colonial archives was Schellenburg's information value appraisal theory. The contextual and content information of the colonial archives were analysed and reconstructed. The appraisal works also resulted in full descriptions of the colonial archives which were never described before in terms of archival principles.

• (The)Korea Educational Review
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.107-132
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• 2009

What is good instruction? The term "instruction" means the essential activity of school education, a precondition for good school, and the starting point of reforming school education. The purpose of this study is to investigate the meaning of "good instruction" by examining the difference of perception between in-service teachers and pre-service teachers who encompass the viewpoint of both teacher and student using open-ended questionnaires asking the type of instruction that they have to avoid and the undesirable instruction. This study was carried out with 150 teachers who were working in the schools and 160 students who were in college of education to be teacher in the future. Collected data was analyzed using the QSR Nvivo qualitative program. The findings of this study indicates the followings: First, the most undesirable class cited by in-service teachers was the class that applies uniform instructional strategy, followed by class based on directions instruction, unsystematic class, class characterized by lack of teaching competency, class that emphasizes test scores and competition, class that are not interactive enough, class that does not consider the level of students, class in which students are not respected, class that have poor educational environment, and the class in which little support is provided. Second, the most undesirable class cited by pre-service teachers was the class that applies uniform instructional strategy, followed by unsystematic class, class characterized by lack of teaching competency, class based on directions instruction, class in which students are not respected, class that emphasizes test scores and competition, class that does not consider the level of students, class that are not interactive enough, class that have poor educational environment, and the class in which little support is provided. Third, this study examined the difference of perception between in-service teachers and pre-service teachers toward the undesirable class that they have to avoid. In terms of the integrated rank that is common among in-service teachers and pre-service teachers, the most undesirable class that they have to avoid was the class that applies uniform instructional strategy, unsystematic class, class based on directions instruction, and class characterized by lack of teaching competency. The findings of this study may be used as a basis for in-service teachers to reflect on their professionalism of instruction that they provide and examine the attitude of students toward instruction, while providing a practical guideline for pre-service teachers to design and ensure systematic instruction in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.116-123
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• 2011

This study investigates the characteristics(form, material, structure, method of construction, vegetation) and model of lotus pond in Joseon Royal Tombs for conservation and restoration. The objects of study are the lotus pond of Namyangju Gwangreung, Hyoreung, Gimpo Jangreung and Sungreung that are well-preserved and the record is remaining. The form is two plane types, square shaped include an island and square shaped. The pond is 7.5~81m in width and 6.5~45m in length and the island is 8~16m in diameter. The depth of water is 0.5~1.2m and the cross section form is narrow bottom and wide top. The material of shore protection is soil in Hyoreung, Gimpo Jangreung and Sungreung. The bottom is mud in all sites. I think that the main material of the lotus pond in Joseon Royal Tombs is soil. The lotus pond is built by soil bank in the structure and method of construction. The water supply and drainage are worked through the culvert. There are many kinds of plants in the lotus pond today, however I think that the model of vegetation of lotus pond in Joseon Royal Tombs is lotus the inside, pine tree, fir tree and flowers the around and pine tree the inside of island in compared the present and the old literature. In comparison with the lotus pond in Joseon Royal Tombs and the lotus pond in the Joseon palace, the material is the biggest difference. The main material is soil in Royal Tombs but isodomic in Royal Palace. I think that the difference of material in between two causes the difference of structure and method of construction. The Royal Tombs is valuable in architecture, landscape and esthetics, this study investigated the characteristics and model of lotus pond in Joseon Royal Tombs. I think that this study serves as a momentum to find a traditional technique in Royal water space and offer the foundation to plan in the contemporary water space.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.90-104
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• 2011

This study identified the scenic characteristics in Gugok and symbolism reflected in titles of the scenery of the season in Gugok from a perspective of Sundoism concentrated on Galeun Gugok in Goisan which is influenced most greatly by Sundoism hermit ideas in Korea, along with Seonyudong-Gugok. In addition, it suggested a measure for arrangement and narrative Storyboard of Galeun Gugok structure corresponding with promotion and propagation of Gugok cultural scenes and educational goals. According to analysis and interpretation of the various Gugoks forming Galeun Gugok in terms of their titles, names engraved in surrounding elements and the coherent symbolic meanings of its scenery and place through comparison with secenery of near Seonyudong-Gugok, the result shows that Galeun Gugok comprises wishes for eternal life in the forms of Taoist hermit-related scenery of the season within the range of stream and old stories based on environmental affordance. In figurative way, it ultimately presents the Wonyung(圓融) idea which seeks a harmonious combination of God and humankind. In particular, consciousness of longevity without problems is deeply inherent in the background of eternalness of plants, divinity of animals and natural homeostasis. Also, 9 Gok Seongukam set up at visual terminal reflect noticeably that a game Go is the amusement of the immortals, which describe 9 ranks of GO figuratively. Galeun Gugok is formed in a unity structure, which is hermit-oriented Sundoism and motif, such as longevity and immortality, divinity and enjoyment of Sundoism hermit rather than used as a method to achieve taste for the arts or ethics. Given the fact, it presents eternal longevity and atmosphere of seclusion in very strong way. Development of spatial Storyboard structure based on this is interpreted as 'Entering the world of hermits(Introduction)'-'Looking the world(Development)'-'Living with hermits(Turn)'-'Becoming hermit(Conclusion).' Finally, the scenery image of Galeun Gugok presented in surface structure is based on beauty of the immortal land scenery as well as beauty of pre-achieved space in Gugokdongcheon and arranged the vertical narrative structure as divine space of 9 ranks of GO. Taking those into account, scenery story board of Galeun Gugok was suggested in accordance with a theme of 6 cuts; Gnagsun(降仙)-Sungyeong(仙境)- Sunyak(仙藥)-Sunhak(仙鶴)-Sunyu(仙遊)-Eunsun(隱仙). It is obvious that hermit which live an eternal life as a representative of Sundoism, should be the main motif of scenery planning in a filed of modem landscaping. Therefore, the most valuable component in designing Korean landscape must be the homeostasis of surrounding landscape which supports the characteristics of invariability and divinity of nature.

• Industry Promotion Research
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.43-49
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• 2022

This study aims to study Esping-Anderson's theory of welfare state system, develop a model of welfare state suitable for Korea's situation, and apply it to reality. In this research method, basic research and analysis of ideology is used, focusing on Esping-Anderson's welfare state system theory, and applying it appropriately to the Korean situation. Studies on the model of the welfare state have been studied after the classification of complementary and institutional models asserted by Willensky and Lebo in 1965. In addition, Esping-Andersen asserts three things as a model of the welfare state according to ideology. First, the role of the market is central to the liberal welfare system that best fits the image of classical capitalism, and individualistic solidarity through the market. The role of the state or family, which can be a hindrance, is actually marginalized. In addition, in order to maximize individualistic solidarity through the market, de-commodification in the national domain tends to be minimized. Second, the conservative welfare system has a strong familistic element, so the source of social solidarity is the family, and the state plays a role of supporting and supplementing the characteristics of this family. In the conservative system, de-commodification appears to be high among household heads, or the welfare system takes on a corporatist and nationalistic form, it can be said that these characteristics are reflected. Third, in the social democratic welfare system, the source of social solidarity is the state. Therefore, the role of the state is large, the state has a high possibility of decommodification, and it has the characteristics of substitutes for the family and the market through universalist intervention. This study applies Esping-Anderson's three welfare state models to study a model suitable for the Korean situation. In conclusion, Esping-Anderson's three welfare state models can be classified into a market-oriented model based on a liberal welfare system, a status-oriented model based on a conservative corporatist welfare system, and a solidarity-oriented model based on a social-democratic welfare system, presented a compromise between liberalism and conservatism as a Korean model.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2022

The effect of sediments in a waste dumping area on marine organisms was evaluated using sediment toxicity tests with a benthic amphipod (Monocorophium acherusicum) and bioluminescent bacterium (Vibrio fischeri) in accordance with the Korean Standard Method for Marine Wastes (KSMMW). Nine sites in the East Sea-Byeong, East Sea-Jeong, and Yellow Sea-Byeong areas were sampled from 2016 to 2019. The test results showed that the relative average survival rate (benthic amphipods) and relative luminescence inhibition rate (luminescent bacteria) were below 30%, which were judged to be "non-toxic." However, in the t-test, a total of 12 benthic amphipod samples (6, 1, 1, and 4 in 2016, 2017, 2018, and 2019, respectively) were significantly different (p<0.05) from the control samples. To identify the source of toxicity on benthic amphipods, a simple linear regression analysis was performed between the levels of eight heavy metals (Cr, As, Ni, Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, and Hg) in sediments and the relative average survival rate. The results indicated that Cr had the highest contribution to the toxicity of benthic amphipods (p = 0.000, R2 = 0.355). In addition, Cr was detected at the highest concentration at the DB-85 station and exceeded the Marine Environment Standards every year. Although the sediments were determined as "not toxic" according to the ecotoxicity criteria of the KSMMW, the results of the statistical significance tests and toxicity identification evaluation indicated that the toxic effect was not acceptable. Therefore, revising the criteria for determining the toxic effect by deriving a reference value through quantitative risk assessment using species sensitivity distribution curves is necessary in the future.