• The Korea Swine Journal
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• v.12 no.7 s.131
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• pp.146-149
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• 1990

여름철 저수태를 예방하기 위해서는 고온다습한 혹서기를 피하여 번식주기를 조정하는 것이 바람직하다. 5월 교배-9월분만,11월 교배-3월 분만식으로 번식주기를 조정하면 된다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.31 no.4 s.63
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• pp.751-769
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• 1998

This study was conducted to assess the attitude of pregnant women toward delivery method, understanding of the reason for determining her own delivery method, participation in decision-making process and satisfaction with delivery method after labor. Study subjects were 693 pregnant women who had visited obstetric clinic for prenatal care in the last month of pregnancy in one general hospital and one obstetrics-gynecology specialty hospital in Taegu city from February 1 to March 31 in 1998. A questionnaire was administered before and after labor and a telephone interview was done one month after labor. Proportion of women who had health education and/or counselling about delivery method during prenatal care was 24.0% and this proportion was higher for women who had previous c-section(35.5%) than others. Women thought vaginal delivery is better than c-section for both maternal and baby's health regardless of previous delivery method. About 90% of primipara and multiparous women who had previous vaginal delivery wanted vaginal delivery for the index birth, while 85.6% of multiparous women who had previous c-section wanted repeat c-section. Reasons for choosing c-section in pregnant women who preferred vaginal delivery before labor were recommendation of doctors(81.9%), recommendation of husband (0.8%), agreement between doctor and pregnant woman(4.7%), and mother's demand (12.6%). Reasons for choosing vaginal delivery were mother's demand(30.6%) and no indication for c-section(67.2%). Reasons for choosing c-section in pregnant women who preferred c-section before labor were recommendation of doctors(76.2%), mother's demand(20.0%), recommendation of husband(1.3%), and agreement between doctor and pregnant woman(2.5%). Of the pregnant women who had c-section, by doctor's recommendation, the proportion of women who had heard detailed explanation about reason for c-section by doctor was 55.1%. Mother's statement about the reason for c-section was consistent with the medical record in 75.9% . However, over 5% points disparities were shown between mother's statement and medical record in cases of the repeat c-section and mother's demand. In primipara and multiparous women who had previous vaginal delivery, the delivery method for index birth had statistically significant association with the preference of delivery method before labor(p<0.05). All of the women who had previous c-section had delivered the index baby by c-section. Among mothers who had delivered the index baby vaginally, 84.9% of them were satisfied with their delivery method immediately after labor and 85.1% at 1 month after labor. However, mothers who had c-section stated that they are satisfied with c-section in 44.6% immediately after labor and 42.0% at 1 month after labor. Preferred delivery method for the next birth had statistically significant association with delivery method for the index birth both immediately after labor and in 1 month after labor. The proportion of mothers who prefer vaginal delivery for the next birth increased with the degree of satisfaction with the vaginal delivery for the index birth but the proportion of mothers who prefer c-section for the next birth was high and they did not change significantly with the degree of satisfaction with the c-section for the index birth. These results suggest that the current high technology-based, physician-centered prenatal and partritional cares need to be reoriented to the basic preventive and promotive technology-based, and mother-fetus-centered care. It is also suggested that active involvement of pregnant woman in decision-making process for the delivery method will increase the rate of vaginal birth after c-section and decrease c-section rate and improve the degree of maternal satisfaction after delivery.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.329-338
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• 2010

Objective: This study was carried out to know whether cryopreservation of sibling 2PN zygotes could increase the cumulative delivery rates in the patients who had less than 10 fertilized zygotes. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed in 138 in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) cycles with less than 10 fertilized zygotes during January 2003 to December 2007 in Cheil General Hospital. These cycles were divided into two groups. In Group I (n=86), all fertilized embryos were cultured to transfer on day 3 without cryopreserved embryos at the 2PN stage. In Group II (n=52), among fertilized zygotes, some sibling zygotes were frozen at the 2PN stage, the remainder were cultured to transfer. Clinical outcomes in fresh ET cycles and cumulative ongoing pregnancy rates after subsequent frozen-thawed (FT)-ET cycles were compared. Results: There were no significant differences in female mean age, number of retrieved oocytes and total fertilized embryos between two groups, Number of cultured embryos was significantly lower in Group II ($5.2{\pm}0.5$) than in Group I ($8.4{\pm}0.7$) (p<0.01). Also, number of transferred embryos was significantly lower in Group II ($3.3{\pm}0.6$) compared with Group I ($3.6{\pm}0.6$) (p<0.01). ${\beta}$-hCG positive rates and delivery rates (51.2 vs. 46.2 % and 41.9 vs. 34.6 %, respectively) after fresh ET were slightly higher in Group I than in Group II. However, the differences were not statistically significant. Also, the cumulative delivery rates after subsequent FT-ET cycles were not significantly different between Group I (48.8%) and Group II (50.0%). Conclusion: This study showed that cryopreservation of sibling 2PN zygotes from patients who had less than 10 zygotes in the fresh ET cycles did not increase cumulative delivery outcomes. But, it could provide an alternative choice for patients due to offering more chance for embryo transfers if pregnancy was failed in fresh IVF-ET cycles.

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2002.06a
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• pp.55-55
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• 2002

본 연구는 체세포 복제 가축의 정상 분만율이 낮은 원인을 규명하고, 복제란 이식우의 분만전후 생리적인 특성을 검토하기 위하여 혈중 또는 태반내 TGF-β1 과 progesterone 농도를 분석하여 검토하였다. 축산기술연구소에서 자체 생산된 체세포 복제란을 자연 발정이 유기된 수란우에 이식하였으며, 분만 예정일 하루 전에 제왕절개수술을 실시하여 태반 및 혈액을 채취하여 실험에 공시하였으며, 대조구의 시료는 분만직전에 제왕절개수술을 실시하여 공시하였다. (중략)

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.19-33
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• 2000

Eighty dairy farms (38 farms responded) in Palmerston North area of New Zealand were questioned by mail questionnaire on: 1) general characteristics, 2) milk yield and feed supplementary, 3) reproductive efficiencies (12 questions) and 4) reproductive disorders (12 questions) from February to July, 1998. Among those 4 items, the reproductive efficiencies (3) and disorders (4), various diseases and culling rates were surveyed and analyzed for Korean dairy farmers (especially in Cheju island) and compared with New Zealand. The results are as follows: 1. Fifteen farms in 38 dairy farms relied entirely on artificial insemination, the rest of 23 dairy farms (60.5%) raised 5∼6 bulls to increase conception rate. The dairy farmers in Palmerston North used artificial insemination from Oct 4th to Dec 10th for 42.8 days, and then used bulls from that point to coming Jan 10th for 41.4 days. The submission rate within 3, 6 and 10 weeks following the initiation of AI season was 84.7, 93.9 and 97.9% respectively. 2. The average age of heifers at the first estrus, pregnancy and calving was 11.0, 18.0 and 24.7 months respectively, and an average 1.4 estrus cycles were required for conception. The intervals of estrus recurrence and the following conception after calving were 38 and 68 days respectively. 3. Among inseminated cows, calving, abortion and empty cow was 90.9, 1.6 and 7.4% respectively. Calving rate decreased according to increasing farm size, while the number of empty cows decreased. 4. Stillbirth, retained placenta and delivery abnormalities were 5.3, 3.7 and 5.5% respectively, not different depend on herd size. 5. The incidence of milk fever, grass tetany, and ketosis was 3.6, 3.0 and 1.0%, respectively. The delivery abnormality and mastitis treated with medicine were 3.1 and 6.7%, but decreased according to farm size. Lameness was 8.6% on average, but over 10% in farms which has more than 400 milking cows. 6. Among the culled cows (15.5% of the total), those culled due to an old age, lameness and other diseases were 2.9, 1.8 and 4.3% respectively and those culled due to low milk production, reproductive abnormality reduced with farm size. 7. Compared with the data collected in Korea, the reproductive efficiency was better, and lameness, metabolic problem and culling rate were higher in New Zealand

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 2002

This study was carried out to investigate the possibility of porcine artificial insemination (A·I) on fertilizing capacity using intrauterine inseminator (IUI) method and conventional A·I (CAI) method. Number of sows used in this study was 15 far IUI and 59 fur (CAI), respectively. The results obtained are as fellows: 1 . The frozen and liquid semen used for A·I showed the higher farrowing rate in liquid semen (86.4%) than frozen semen (67%). Number of pigs born per semen type showed the higher values of number of piglets with no statistical significance using frozen semen (9.7) than liquid semen (9.3). 2. The farrowing rate per parity was highest in the 3∼5th parities (100%), f311owe4 by 0∼ 2th parities (60%), and was the smallest in 6 ∼ 10th parities (25%). Number of pigs born per litter was highest in 0∼2th parities (11.3), followed by 3 ∼ 5th parities (9.2) and lowest in 6∼ 10th parities. In the number of pigs bort per litter, the sow s in the high parities delivered lower number of piglets than those in low parities with no significant difference. These results indicated that fertilizing capacity could be improved by using IUI method.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2005

This study was carried out to measure the environmental related parameters from two types of swine houses. Indoor temperature, relative humidity, carbon dioxide level, ammonia concentration and emission were measures every 2 minutes from each house with portable monitoring units. Carbon dioxide concentration balance was used to estimate the ventilation rates of the different houses. Daily ammonia concentrations in the growing-finishing and farrowing houses ranged from 2 to 17 ppm and 6 to 15 ppm respectively. The daily ammonia emission rate from the manure averaged 4.37 g/h$\cdot$500 kg from growing-finishing house and 4.82 g/h$\cdot$500 kg from the farrowing house. The above findings proved that summer season was associated with higher ammonia emission rates due to higher ventilation rate and ambient air temperature.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 2002

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of extenders such as Beltsville thawing solution(BTS), Modena and Androhep, preservation temperature and period of liquid boar semen on semen characteristics and reproductive performance. Boars were raised at Swine Artificial Insemination Center in National Livestock Research Institute, Sunghwan, Chungnam, Korea. This experiment was carried out from 1995 to 2000. The results obtained were summarized as follows. 1. Sperm motility in the samples with Androhep and BTS reduced from day 5 and in the samples with Modena reduced from day 3 of storage. pH or 3 extenders varied from 6.24 to 7.04 during day 1 to 5 of storage. Farrowing rate of sows inseminated with liquid boar semen offended with BTs, Modena and Androhep extenders did not show any differences until day f after semen collection. Sows inseminated with Androhep extender had better farrowing rates (P＜0.05) than those with Modena extender at day 1 or 5 after semen collection, but farrowing rates after AI using BTS did not differ compared to those Androhep and Modena. Litter size did not show any differences among the three extenders, but Androhep had the decreased litter size from day i of storage. 2. Motility and normal acrosome of the sperm preserved at 5$^{\circ}C$ did not show any differences until day 4 of storage, but those at 17$^{\circ}C$ changed from day 3 and 4, respectively. Farrowing rate of sows artificially inseminated with liquid boa. semen preserved at 17$^{\circ}C$ had higher, than at 5$^{\circ}C$ (p＜0.05), but there was no significant differences in litter size. Farrowing rates and litter size were decreased from day 2 and day 3 of storage at 17$^{\circ}C$, respectively. Farrowing rate of sows inseminated with the preserved semen at 5$^{\circ}C$ did not changed until day 4, but the litter size at 5$^{\circ}C$ was lower than that at 17$^{\circ}C$.

• The Korea Swine Journal
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• v.12 no.9 s.133
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• pp.136-139
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• 1990

자돈의 폐사는 대부분 생후3일 이내에 발생한다.이러한 손실을 줄이는 방법중에 하나가 저장에너지를 많이 가진 자돈을 분만시키고, 분만후에는 모돈에게 지방함량이 많은 젖을 분비하게 하여 육설율을 높이는 것이다.이와 같은 목적을 위해서는 임신말기에 고에너지 사료인 유지사료를 첨가하여 급여하는 것이 바람직하다

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2001.03a
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• pp.14-14
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• 2001

본 연구는 생명공학 관련 기술개발에 의하여 신소재 물질을 생산하고 사람에게 안전하고 생리활성이 높은 고가의 의료용 단백질 생산기술을 체계화하며 형질전환 가축을 이용한 유용물질 생산에 따른 산업화와 부가가치의 극대화에 그 목적이 있다. 유즙으로 사람의 빈혈치료제인 EPO(Erythropoietin)를 분비할 수 있는 형질전환돼지를 생산하기 위하여 WAP(Whey Acidic Protein) Promoter(2.6kb) 하류에 사람의 조혈촉진유전자(EPO: 2.6kb)를 연결시켜 미세주입용 재조합 벡터(WAP-EPO : 약 7.8kb)를 구축하였다. 구축된 재조합 벡터를 1세포기 수정란에 약 2ng/ul 농도로 미세주입한 다음 외과적 방법으로 이식하였다. 이식 후 분만 모돈으로부터 생산된 자돈의 꼬리조직을 이용 게놈DNA를 추출하고 PCR 검정을 한 결과, 유즙으로 사람의 빈혈치료제를 생산할 수 있는 유전자가 도입된 형질전환돼지 $\boxDr$새롬이$\boxUl$ (♂)를 확인하였다. 또한 이렇게 꼬리조직으로부터 확인된 새롬이의 혈액과 정액을 채취, 게놈 DNA를 추출하여 외래 유전자 삽입여부를 PCR 방법으로 검정한 결과 꼬리조직과 마찬가지로 혈액 및 정액에서도 외래유전자가 삽입되었음을 확인할 수 있었다. 이렇게 생산된 형질전환돼지 $\boxDr$새롬이$\boxUl$를 이용 계대번식을 통한 F$_1$ 산자의 생산과 유전자 전이율을 확인하기 위하여 $\boxDr$새롬이$\boxUl$정액을 이용한 인공수정을 실시하였다. 인공수정은 1999년 7월 1일부터 2000년 9월 8일 까지 총 78두의 모돈을 이용하였으며, 그 중 21두의 모돈이 분만하여 인공수정에 의한 분만율은 26.92%로 나타났다.(Table Omitted) Table 1에서와 같이 새롬이 정액을 이용한 인공수정에 의해 형질전환된 F$_1$ 자돈의 형질전환율은 17.98%로 나타났으며, 32두의 형질전환자돈 중 8두(암:4두, 수:4두)는 분만과 동시에 폐사하였거나 사육중 폐사하여 현재 24두(암:12두, 수:12두)가 생존하여 F$_1$ 간 교배계획에 의해 사육되고 있다. 이 중 암컷 4두는 현재 F$_2$ 자돈 생산과 함께 유즙내로 사람 빈혈치료제의 분비 유무를 검정중에 있으며, FISH 법에 의한 외래 유전자 삽입 검정을 확인 중에 있다.