• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.39-45
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• 2007

This study was performed to induce the estrus in 9 anestrus Shih-tzu bitches by intramuscular injection of pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) 50IU/kg for 10 consecutive days and by intravenous injection of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) 1,000IU/Head on Day 10. The day when the first injection of PMSG was counted as Day 0 of experiment. All of the bitches were monitored by vaginal discharges, displays the perineal region, vaginal swelling and male acceptances. The 9 bitches (100%) showed vaginal discharges and vaginal swelling, and were mated. The 5 bitches out of 9 bitches were pregnant (55.6%) and 4 bitches were non-pregnant (44.4%). The 3 bitches out of 5 pregnant bitches were spontaneously delivered (33.3%) and litter size were $1.66{\pm}1.15\;(1{\sim}3\;pups)$ pups. The 2 bitches were diagnosed as early embryonic death on days 38 and 41 after first injection of PMSG. These results indicated that rates of estrus induction, pregnancy and delivery were 100%, 55.6% and 33.3%, respectively, using PMSG and hCG.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.367-373
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• 1998

A survey was carried out to investigate the effect of the herd size on the reproductive traits of Hanwoo(Korean native cows). Data on the reproductive traits of 670 Korean native cows were collected from January, 1996 to December, 1997 and analyzed by the herd size. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. The average ages at first breeding were 437.9, 425.5 and 452.9 days in herd size 1 (less than 20 heads), 2 (21∼50 heads) and 3 (more than 51 heads), respectively (the over all average was 443.0 days). However, there was no significant difference between herd sizes (p＞0.05). 2. The average ages at first conception were 452.8, 438.4 and 467.1 days in herd size 1, 2 and 3, respectively (the over all average was 460.0 days). However, there was no significant difference between herd sizes (p＞0.05). 3. The average ages at first calving were 741.2, 730.2 and 755.9 days in herd size 1, 2 and 3, respectively (the over all average was 746.6 days). However, there was no significant difference between herd sizes (p＞0.05). 4. The average days to first estrus after calving was 70.1 days and it was shortest in herd size 3 (64.8 days) and longest in herd size 1(82.1 days). 5. The average numbers of services per conception were 1.54, 1.61 and 1.48 in herd size 1, 2, and 3, respectively (the over all average was 1.53). However, there was no significant difference between herd sizes (p＞0.05). 6. The average days to first conception after calving were 115.6, 99.1 and 80.6 days in herd size 1, 2 and 3, respectively (the over all average was 91.2 days). There was a trend that it was shorter as the herd size increased(p＜0.05). 7. The average length of calving interval was 375.3 days and it was shortest in herd size 3 (367. 4 days) and longest in herd size 1 (389.5 days).

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.115-123
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• 1990

The longitudinal study was done to study the effect of length of lactation on mineral content of breast milk and to find out basic data on nutritional status for infants and lactation women in Korea. Milk was collected from primiparae(n=10) and multiparae(n=6) at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 months postpartum. During lactation the content of total ash, calcium, phosphours decreased significantly (;<0.001), but magnesium increased significantly (p<0.001). Total ash, calcium, phosphrus and magnesium contents of breast milk per 100ml were as 0.22g, 27.25mg, 14.67mg and 2.77mg in total lactating women(n=16), respectively. These contents were not significantly different between primiparae and multiparae. A ratio of calcium to phosphorus was about 1.88:1 in breast milk and 0.50:1 in maternal dietary intake. No correlation was found between maternal dietary intake and mineral content of breast milk.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.10
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• pp.493-500
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to identify the relationships among Body Image and Self Efficacy, Parenting Stress and influencing factors on Parenting Stress of Primipara Women. Data were collected from 134 Primipara Women in U city from January 1 to March 31, 2017. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression. Significant correlations were found among Body Image and Self Efficacy, Parenting Stress. Meaningful variables that influenced Parenting Stress were Post-discharge supporter, Body Image and Support of family, and the total explanation power was 29.5%. In conclusion, development of Parenting Stress Coping program to decrease the Parenting stress of Primipara Women based on the convergent influencing factors is needed, and further development of program for Parenting Stress Coping for the Primipara Women ion the related factors is also needed.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.33-40
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• 2003

The present study was undertaken to find relationships of plasma insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and IGF-II concentrations to litter size and lactation performance. Sixty pure-bred Landrace and Yorkshire pigs having similar farrowing weeks which had been selected from a large number of pregnant gilts and sows were divided into low- (<${\mu}$－0.5SD) and high-litter size (>${\mu}$+0.5 SD) lines under a 2 (breed)${\times}$2 (line) factorial arrange of treatments. After adjusting the litter size to nine piglets per sow at farrowing, total litter weight was measured at three weeks postpartum at weaning as an index of milk yield. Blood samples were obtained from the jugular vein at day (d)-90 pregnancy (Px) and at d-15 postpartum. The litter size or the number of piglets born during the present experiment and the average litter size during the entire parities up to the present one were greater in the high-line than in the low-line by 3.7 and 2.4 piglets, respectively (P<0.01); effect of the breed on litter size was not significant. Plasma IGF-II concentration at d-90 Px was greater in the high-line than in the low-line. Litter size and d-90 Px IGF-I concentration were negatively correlated in Landrace (r=－0.46; P<0.05) and tended to be negatively correlated in Yorkshire (r=－0.31; P=0.09), which resulted in a significant negative correlation between these two variables in total animals (r=－0.35; P<0.01). Litter weight at weaning was not different between the two breeds or lines. Relationships between the litter weight and IGF concentration were not consistent across the breed ${\times}$ physiological stage combinations. Results suggest that d-90 Px IGF concentrations may be indicative of the litter size at impending farrowing.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.58-60
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• 2006

대사 경로를 자동으로 레이아웃 해주는 시스템에 있어 노드 수가 일정수 이상으로 증가할수록 에지 크로싱이 기하급수적으로 증가하는 문제가 있다. 따라서 유전체 수준에서 대사 경로간의 관계(Cross-talk) 등을 살펴보기 위해서는 레이아웃 상에 나타나는 에지 크로싱을 줄이고 이를 압축하여 표시할 필요가 있다. 이는 개개의 대사경로에 대한 레이아웃 분만 아니라 대사 경로간의 관계 등 다양한 단계와 방식의 레이아웃이 가능한 시스템이 필요하기 때문이다. 본 논문에서는 레이아웃 상에 나타나는 에지 크로싱에 의한 가독성 저해를 피하기 위하여 대상 경로 상에 존재하는 연결성 높은 부그래프를 찾는 모듈을 개발하였다. 또한 각각의 부그래프를 슈퍼노드로 치환하는 방식을 적용함으로써 대사 경로를 이해하기 쉽도록 하였다. 또한 이러한 과정은 반복적, 혹은 역방향으로 실행할 수 있도록 하였다. 실험결과, 대사 경로 상에 존재하는 연결성 높은 부그래프들은 그래프밀도값 Q가 0.8로 나타나, 단백질 상호작용 네트워크에 비하여 희소한(sparse) 네트워크 구조를 보임을 알 수 있었다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 2017.04a
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• pp.163-163
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• 2017

모돈은 교배, 임신, 분만, 포유, 이유를 순환적 반복을 요구하는 개체로서 스마트 농장 시스템의 생산성 향상에 있어서 중요한 요소이다. 본 연구에서는 모돈 능력의 극대화 및 최적의 시스템 관리를 위해서 초음파 센서를 활용한 모돈의 지제 이상 징후를 실시간으로 계측할 수 있는 시스템을 개발하였다. 이 시스템은 높이에 따라 상-중-하(30 cm 간격), 위치에 따라 전면부-후면부에 초음파 센서를 설치하고 이를 마이크로 컨트롤러에 연결하여 모돈의 지제 이상 유무 측정이 가능하도록 하였다. 모돈의 체형과 위치를 고려하여 설치된 초음파 센서의 위치 조절이 가능하도록 하였다. 또한 소형 LCD 모듈을 내장하여 실시간 모니터링이 가능하도록 하였으며, 측정된 데이터는 저장장치인 microSD 카드에 저장되도록 하였다. 모돈사의 환경을 고려하여 방밀형 구조로 하우징 마감하였다. 이 모돈 지체 이상 분석 시스템에 사용된 툴은 C언어를 이용하였다. 건강한 모돈을 대상으로 모돈의 지제의 관찰을 위하여 총 12회의 현장 실증실험이 수행되었으며, 현장 실증 시험 중 소요된 시간은 현장의 상황에 따라 다소 상이하였다 (8시간-28일). 높이 상에 위치한 전면부 및 후면부 초음파 센서 모두에서 모돈이 검출이 된 경우 정상 기립으로 간주하였고, 높이 상에 위치한 전면-후면부 초음파 센서 모두에서 모돈이 검출이 되지 않은 경우 정상적으로 누워 있는 걸로 간주하였다. 높이 하에 위치한 전면부 혹은 후면부 초음파 센서 한곳만 모돈이 검출된 경우 비정상적인 기립으로 간주하였다. 취득된 데이터를 분석한 결과 모돈의 정상적 상태 (기립상태, 누운 상태, 앉은 상태)와 그 외의 비정상적 상태로 분류가 가능하다. 또한 측정된 초음파 센서의 진동의 유무 및 파동형태에 따라서 모돈의 상태 예측이 가능하다. 초음파 센서의 진동 파동이 크고 안정된 상태인 경우 정상적인 활동 상태로 판단하였으며, 진동 파동이 작고 안정적인 경우는 수면 상태로 분류하였다. 실시간으로 지속적인 데이터 획득을 위하여 차후 초음파 센서 및 시스템의 보완작업이 필요하다. 이와같은 모돈의 행동 패턴에 따른 취득된 데이터를 분류하여 모돈의 발정에 의한 행동 특성(기립시간) 분석에 따른 발정 적기 발견 및 정량화 기술 개발에 활용이 가능하다.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.268-277
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• 2002

A comparative study was conducted to identify the effects of prenatal education on primiparas' self-confidence, satisfaction in maternal role performance and perception of delivery experience. Data were collected from 91 primiparas from August 1 to 30, 2001 using structured questionnaires. The subjects were selected from 2 OB & GY hospitals which operate the same prenatal education programs in M city. One group of subjects was primiparas who did receive prenatal education (n= 44) and another group of subjects was primiparas who did not receive prenatal education (n= 47). This study hypothesized that primiparas in education group would have higher self- confidence, satisfaction in maternal role performance and perception of delivery experience than those of non-education group. Descriptive statistics, $x^2$-test, t-test, and correlation were used for data analyses. The results of this study were as follows: 1. Primiparas in prenatal education group would not have better perception of delivery experience than those of non-education group (t=1.405, p = 0.163). 2. Primiparas in prenatal education group would have higher self-confidence in maternal role performance than those of non-education group (t=7.669, p=0.000). 3. Primiparas in prenatal education group would have higher satisfaction in maternal role performance than those of non- education group (t=4.115, p = 0.000). 4. There was significant correlations between self-confidence and satisfaction (r=0.489, p=0.000). Moreover, there was significant correlation between self-confidence and perception of delivery experience (r = 0.284, p = 0.006). The results of this study indicated that prenatal education needs to be developed and applied to nursing practice to increase self-confidence and satisfaction in maternal role performance. Experimental studies are needed to identify the effect of prenatal education.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.448-456
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• 2011

In this paper, we proposed a LED driver that allows to use a long lifetime MLCC with small voltage capacity to replace the electrolytic condenser that has been used at the output part by storing only the voltage fluctuation due to temperature variation in the output condenser. The proposed LED driver can allow to use a long lifetime MLCC with small power loss as the output condenser instead of the conventional electrolytic condenser with short lifetime because it stores only the voltage fluctuation due to the temperature variation of the LED light source in the output condenser by connecting the output condenser with the input power supply in series in the basic topology of the conventional boost DC/DC converter. In this study, we performed a simulation to verify the conventional DC/DC converter and the proposed DC/DC converter. It was shown that the DC/DC converter proposed through the experiment allows to use MLCC as the output condenser and the efficiency can be improved.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.179-186
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• 1990

Nitrogen(N) concentrations of human milk in various fractions, such as total, protein, nonprotein, whey protein and casein were determined at 2-3 days, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 12 weeks of postpartum. significant decreases in total N, nonprotein N, protein N, whey protein N and casein N were found with time postpartum. Total nitrogen decreased from 401mg/dl at 2-3 days to 211mg/dl at 12 week. Whey protein nitrogen was found to contribute to the total nitrogen decrease with time. The percentage of nonprotein nitrogen was 13% in colostrum and 17-18% in mature milk. The proportions of whey protein and casein nitrogen were 55:45 at 2-3 days and 34:66 at 12 week postpartum. These determinations will provide the basic information on the variability of nitrogen components as lactation proceed.