• 월간낙농육우
• /
• v.35 no.12
• /
• pp.137-146
• /
• 2015

젖소의 번식문제는 많은 요인들이 관련된다. 환경적인 요인, 섭취 영양분과 관련된 문제, 사양관리 등이 번식 생리에 미치는 영향은 체내에서 복잡한 기전을 가지고 있다. 이 글에서는 깊이 있는 생리적 기전보다 섭취하는 영양분과 번식 효율과 관련하여 살펴보기로 하겠다. 특히 분만 후 비유 초기에 발생하는 문제들을 중심으로 번식에 미치는 영향과 그 해결방법에 관한 것이다.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.271-281
• /
• 1996

1960년대에 본격적인 연구가 시도된 난세포질내 정자직접주입법(Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection ; ICSI)은 1976년에는 Uehara 등에 의한 hamster의 연구에서 최초로 전핵의 형성에까지 성공하였다. 이후 계속된 연구를 통하여 여러 동물종에서 이 방법에 의한 난자의 수정 및 배발달에 성공하여, 1988년에 토끼, 1991년에 소, 1995년에는 생쥐에서 산자의 생산에 성공하였다. 한편, 사람에 있어서는 1988년 Lanzendorf 등에 의해 최초로 사람난자가 난세포질내 정자직접주입법에 의해 수정에 성공한 것이 보고되었으며, 1992년에는 Palermo 등에 의해 이 방법에 의해 수정된 수정란 이식을 통한 임신 및 성공적인 분만이 보고되었다. 난세포질내 정자직접주입법에 있어서는 정자의 운동성 및 첨체반응 등의 유무가 수정에 관여하는 중요한 요인이 아닌 것으로 알려지고 있으며, 성숙한 정자가 아닌 정소상체(미부-두부)정자 혹은 정소내의 미성숙정자를 사용하여 난세포질내 정자직접주입법을 시행하여도 수정 및 임신이 가능한 것으로 보고되었다. 또한 정자세포(spematid)나 원형정자세포(round spermatid)를 수정과 배발달이 관찰되었으며 사람에 있어서는 분만까지 성공하였다. 현재까지 이 난세포질내 정자직접주입법은 학술적으로는 난자-정자가 결합하는 기전을 밝히는 연구에 이용되어 왔으며, 임상적으로는 시험관아기시술에 있어서 정자의 기능, 수 등이 문제가 되어 수정이 어려운 남성불임환자에게 적용하여 좋은 성과를 거두어 왔다. 향후 이 기술은 유전자진단이나 남성불임환자의 처치에 폭넓게 사용될 것으로 기대된다.

• Neonatal Medicine
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.111-116
• /
• 2011

Purpose: To evaluate the impact of delayed interval delivery on neonatal outcomes. Methods: This was a retrospective study of infants who were born at Seoul National University Hospital by delayed interval delivery from June 2005 to July 2010. Outcomes (neonatal mortality and morbidity) of later babies were compared to those of the first babies and the control group whose gestational ages and birth weights were similar to them. Results: There were 4 twin and 5 triplet pregnancies. The first babies (group 1, n=9) were delivered at $22^{+6}$ to $27^{+5}$ weeks of gestational age, and the later babies (group 2, n=14) were born at $24^{+6}$ to $28^{+0}$ weeks. The mean interval between the first and later deliveries was 10 days, and there was no delay between the second and third deliveries in all triplet pregnancies. There were more small for gestational age (SGA) infants in group 1 than group 2 (66.7% and 21.4% respectively, P=0.03). Two of three babies who died in group 1 were born before 24 weeks of gestational age and expired within a week after birth. The mortality rate of group 2 (7.1%) was lower than group 1 (33.3%), but not significantly (P=0.106). The control group matched to group 2 consisted of 28 infants. There were no significant differences in neonatal mortality and morbidity between the two groups. Conclusion: Although there is a limitation to the number of infants in this study, it suggested that delayed delivery in a multiple pregnancy could decrease the incidence of SGA of the remaining fetuses and that prolonged gestation would not be harmful to those fetuses after birth.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.91-108
• /
• 1998

This study was carried out to survey basic information of swine farms on the machine holdings. facility type. management of manure by farm scale and operation, and then to develop the mechanization model. Manual feeding was common for sows and nursing sows. but automation feeding was normally furnished for weaners. growing pigs and castrated male pigs. Water supplies was completely automated for all of the surveyed swine farms. Fully mechanized and automated system would not be feasible and affordable for the small scale farms breeding less than 500 heads. Because the environmental control for the nursing sows and weaner was important, some swine houses were constructed with the windowless type. However, the furnished rates ranged from 22.2% to 44.4% of the surveyed nursing sow and weaner houses at the farm scales. In the future, a computerized ventilation system would be commended for the efficient use of heat energy and to maintain the desirable temperature of swine buildings. Over-investment for large scale farm and over-crowded pigpen of small farm would cause wasting construction expenses and spreading epidermic diseases Hence, the size of swine building should follow the recommended scale. The fermentation drier was recommended for the manure management. Urine could be recycled or discharged after treating by the activated sludge process.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.42 no.3
• /
• pp.403-410
• /
• 2002

This study was performed to investigate the general prepartum behavioral ethogram of Bos taurus coreanae (Hanwoo cow). In this study, 4 pregnant cows were placed in a separate area. We recorded the behaviors of the cows using time lapse VCR for 48 hours and analyzed behaviors with the scan point sampling method. We observed maintenance behaviors, social behaviors and ingestion behaviors. During the observation period, the time budgets of behaviors in order of frequency were LD(lying down, 38.2%), ST(standing, 24.7%), EA(eating, 10.7%), WA(walking, 7.2%), LR(lying down rumination, 5.6%), SR(standing rumination, 3.3%), TW(tail wagging, 3.1%) and SG(self grooming, 1.8%). The time budgets of the other behaviors such as PG(pairwise grooming), FC(fly catching) were negligible (<1%).

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.50 no.4
• /
• pp.348-354
• /
• 2007

Purpose : Perinatal hepatitis B viral infection is decreasing; however, 10% of babies to HBeAg positive mothers still become chronic carriers despite perinatal prophylaxis. Although, the cause of prophylaxis failure is still unclear, an importance of maternal HBV-DNA level at the delivery time has been suggested. This study was established to certify if it would be a useful predictable factor for the outcome of perinatal prophylaxis. Methods : Twenty-nine HBeAg positive mothers whose babies had known outcomes of prophylaxis were selected. To determine the amount of maternal HBV-DNA, a quantitative PCR was performed with the WHO International Standard for HBV DNA NAT assays. Results : The mean logarithm HBV-DNA level of mothers with failed outcomes was significantly higher than that of mothers with succeessful outcomes (7.99 vs. 6.72, P=0.015). The predictable maternal HBV-DNA cut-off level to prophylaxis outcome was $2.83{\times}10^7copies/mL$ (100 pg/mL). None out of the case 16 (0%) who had below this level, and 5 out of 13 (38.5%) who had above this level of maternal HBV-DNA failed in perinatal prophylaxis. Conclusion : Mothers with higher levels of HBV-DNA at delivery time would be prone to a worse outcome of prophylaxis using the conventional approach. Perinatal prophylaxis failure rate can be reduced, if we try to introduce more potent prophylactic treatment into the cases with this risk factor.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.7-12
• /
• 2002

This study was carried out to investigate the possibility of porcine artificial insemination (A·I) on fertilizing capacity using intrauterine inseminator (IUI) method and conventional A·I (CAI) method. Number of sows used in this study was 15 far IUI and 59 fur (CAI), respectively. The results obtained are as fellows: 1 . The frozen and liquid semen used for A·I showed the higher farrowing rate in liquid semen (86.4%) than frozen semen (67%). Number of pigs born per semen type showed the higher values of number of piglets with no statistical significance using frozen semen (9.7) than liquid semen (9.3). 2. The farrowing rate per parity was highest in the 3∼5th parities (100%), f311owe4 by 0∼ 2th parities (60%), and was the smallest in 6 ∼ 10th parities (25%). Number of pigs born per litter was highest in 0∼2th parities (11.3), followed by 3 ∼ 5th parities (9.2) and lowest in 6∼ 10th parities. In the number of pigs bort per litter, the sow s in the high parities delivered lower number of piglets than those in low parities with no significant difference. These results indicated that fertilizing capacity could be improved by using IUI method.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.458-469
• /
• 2016

The special education setting in nursing practicum is required for male nursing students to become professional registered nurses. Therefore, this study identifies how male nursing students find and recognize the meaning of the practicum in a delivery room. Eight male nursing students were selected randomly in junior and senior grade. They had finished delivery room practicum within a month and were interviewed from Jul. 20th, 2012 to Dec. 28th, 2012 until the narrative data were fully saturated. The phenomenological method of Colaizzi was used. Thirty themes, nine theme clusters, and three categories were identified. The three categories were frightened in the 'female privacy first' environment, sexual inequality for male students, and only one observation chance of the delivery process. From this study, male students did their best against the gender role and female-only field. A strategy to improve the image of professional nursing is required to enlighten the social conventions regarding the gender role. In addition, multilateral efforts are expected to eliminate the gender discrimination in the nursing education system to establish the correct role of professional registered nurses.

• Neonatal Medicine
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.102-108
• /
• 2010

Purpose : The goal of this study was to measure bilirubin levels over 6 hours using a transcutaneous bilirubinometer. The change in the bilirubin levels were recorded in anomogram. The natural progress of jaundice in neonates was monitored using the nomogram and cases were identified that needed further follow-up observation and treatment. Methods : The subjects of this study were 986 healthy term or near-term infants at the age of 35 weeks or older who were born at Sung-Ae General Hospital during the period from October 1, 2007 to April 30, 2009 and whose parents were both Koreans. Transcutaneous bilirubin measurements were obtained using a transcutaneous bilirubinometer (Minolta, JM-103) from 6 hours of life to discharge at intervals of 6 hours. A nomogram was derived from the obtained data and compared to the delivery method, gestational age, and feeding method. Results : Percentile graphs were drawn according to time. Based on the graphs, phototherapy was necessary in more than 90 percent of the infants between 35 and 37.6 weeks of age and in 95 percent of the infants 38 weeks and older. The mean bilirubin level at 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours after birth were compared according to the delivery method, gestational age, and feeding method. The bilirubin level in 48 hours was significantly higher in neonates born via cesarean section delivery compared to the neonates born via vaginal delivery, however the levels were not statistically different at the other hours. Conclusion : The results of this study show the nomogram derived from hour-specific transcutaneous bilirubin levels. This information can be used to predict the risk for subsequent significant hyperbilirubinemia.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.46 no.2
• /
• pp.137-144
• /
• 2004

Algorithms for estimating breeding values on several categorical data by using latent variables with threshold conception were developed and showed. Thresholds on each categorical trait were estimated by Newton’s method via gradients and Hessian matrix. This algorithm was developed by way of expansion of bivariate analysis provided by Quaas(2001). Breeding values on latent variables of categorical traits and observations on linear traits were estimated by preconditioned conjugate gradient(PCG) method, which was known having a property of fast convergence. Example was shown by simulated data with two linear traits and a categorical trait with four categories(CE=calving ease) and a dichotomous trait(SB=Still Birth) in threshold animal mixed model(TAMM). Breeding value estimates in TAMM were compared to those in linear animal mixed model (LAMM). As results, correlation estimates of breeding values to parameters were 0.91${\sim}$0.92 on CE and 0.87${\sim}$0.89 on SB in TAMM and 0.72~0.84 on CE and 0.59~0.70 on SB in LAMM. As conclusion, PCG method for estimating breeding values on several categorical traits with linear traits were feasible in TAMM.