• 제목/요약/키워드: 분리주행

검색결과 81건 처리시간 0.034초

Anatomic Study for Hamstring Tendon Harvest (슬괵건 채취를 위한 해부학적인 고찰)

  • Son, Jung-Hwan;Park, Chan-Jae;Jung, Gu-Hee
    • Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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    • 제6권1호
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    • pp.33-37
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    • 2007
  • Purpose: The harvest of hamstring tendon is technically demanding because of the inadequate identification of hamstring tendon separation and accessory tendon of semitendinosus tendon. We conducted therefore conducted an anatomic study, aiming at the anatomic knowledge for graft harvest. Materials and Methods: 20 human cadaveric knees (10 cadavers) were used for the study. The location of tendon separation in conjoined tendon and accessory tendon of semitendinosus tendon were described and recorded. Results: The location of tendon separation of conjoined tendon was average $39.68{\pm}9.97mm$ vertically and $18.57{\pm}2.91mm$ horizontally from the tibial spine. We found that the accessory structure of the semitendinosus tendon was mostly fascia-like structure(17 knees), the tendinous structure, 3 cases which was straightly located 15cm from the tibial crest. Conclusion: We propose that the expected incision for hamstring tendon harvest is centered on the inferior 40mm, medial 20mm from the tibial spine. The accessory structure of the semitendinosus tendon was mostly found of fascia-like structure.

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A Study on the Collection and Analysis of Tire and Road Wear Particles(TRWPs) as Fine Dust Generated on the Roadside (도로변에서 발생되는 미세먼지로써 타이어와 도로 마모입자 채집과 분석 연구)

  • Kang, Tae-Woo;Kim, Hyeok-Jung
    • Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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    • 제10권3호
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    • pp.293-299
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    • 2022
  • Recently, various stakeholder are interested in microplastic to cause pollution of the marine's ecosystem and effort to conduct study of product's life cycle to reduce pollution of marine's ecosystem. The micorplastic refer to materials of the nano- to micro- sized units and it can be classified into primary and secondary. The primary microplastic mean the manufactured for use in the specific field such as the microbead of the cosmetic or cleanser. also, secondary mean the unintentionally generated during use of the product such as the textile crumb by the doing the laundry. Tire and Road Wear Particles(TRWPs) are also defined as secondary microplastic. Typically, TRWPs are created by friction between the tread compound's rubber of the tire and the surface of the road du ring the driving cars. Most of the generated TRWPs exist on the roadside and some of them were carried to marine by the rainwater. In this study, we perform the quantitative analysis of the TRWPs existed in fine dust at the roadside. So, we collected the dust from the roadside in Chungcheongnam-do's C site with a movement of 1,300 cars per the hour. The collected samples were separated according to size and density. And shape analysis was performed using the Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM). We were possible to discover a lot of TRWPs at the fine dust of the 100 ± 20 ㎛. And we analysis it u sing the Thermo Gravimetric Analysis(TGA) and Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometer(GC/MS) for the quantitative components from the tire. As a result, it was confirmed that TRWPs generated from the roadside fine dust were included the 0.21 %, and the tire and road components in the generated TRWPs consisted of the 3:7 ratio.

Backward Path Tracking Control of a Trailer Type Robot Using a RCGS-Based Model (RCGA 기반의 모델을 이용한 트레일러형 로봇의 후방경로 추종제어)

  • Wi, Yong-Uk;Kim, Heon-Hui;Ha, Yun-Su;Jin, Gang-Gyu
    • Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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    • 제7권9호
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    • pp.717-722
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    • 2001
  • This paper presents a methodology on the backward path tracking control of a trailer type robot which consists of two parts: a tractor and a trailer. It is difficult to control the motion of a trailer vehicle since its dynamics is non-holonomic. Therefore, in this paper, the modeling and parameter estimation of the system using a real-coded genetic algorithm(RCGA) is proposed and a backward path tracking control algorithm is then obtained based on the linearized model. Experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

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Aberrant Right Subclavian Artery with Dysphagia and Recurrent Pneumonia -A case report - (연하곤란 및 반복괵인 폐렴를 동반한 이상우쇄골하동맥 - 1예 보고 -)

  • 장원채;임영혁;임성철;오봉석
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • 제37권3호
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    • pp.282-285
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    • 2004
  • Aberrant right subclavian artery (ARSA) is an anomaly with a reported incidence of 0.5% to 2%. Most patients with an ARSA remain asymptomatic; however about to% of adult patients have compressive symptoms. A case is reported of a 64-year old female patient who had a few years of history of dysphagia and recurrent pneumonia. Angiography was performed, which demonstrated an ARSA with common origin of the right and left carotid arteries. Surgical correction was performed via right thoracotomy. The proximal aberrant artery was mobilized behind the esophagus. The distal, right subclavian artery was exposed, transected, and transposed with reimplantation into the aortic root by graft bypass.

A Study to Estimate the Emitted Sound Power from the Rolling Stock (철도차량에서 방사되는 음향파워 추정에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Young-Yeob;Kim, Jae-Chul;Lee, Hi-Sung
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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    • 제14권3호
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    • pp.211-215
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    • 2011
  • Generally, sound power is one of the most significant factors to predict and assess noise from sound sources. However, many researchers developed indirect methods to calculate the sound power with noise level because it is impossible to measure sound power directly while a train is running. In this paper, we propose a method to estimate sound power generated due to wheel/rail interaction and propulsive equipment from the measurement of noise emitted from rolling stocks and verify the estimation method by comparing with the other sound power estimation formula. We also analyze the sound power of rolling stocks which are operating in domestic lines such as EMU, Mukoonghwa, KTX using the method proposed in this paper.

Digital Twin Agent Implementation based on CIP Concept (CIP 개념 기반 디지털트윈 에이전트 구현)

  • HyeonSeok Ryu;InYong Song;JongWon Kim
    • Annual Conference of KIPS
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    • 한국정보처리학회 2024년도 추계학술발표대회
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    • pp.463-466
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    • 2024
  • 최근 Digital Twin 과 Cyber-Physical-System 을 융합하여 시스템을 설계·예측·분석·최적화하기 위한 노력이 증가하고 있다. Unmanned Ground Vehicle 은 이런 방법론이 적용 중인 대표 예시이다. 본 논문에서는 Digital Twin 과 Cyber-Physical-System 을 융합하고 유지보수와 관리, 데이터 수집이 쉬운 시스템 설계 구조 Control-Infra-Product(CIP)을 제안한다. 시스템 계층을 사용자 관점에 따라 정의하며, 유저, 서비스 제공자, 제품(Physical, Virtual) 총 3 개로 분리된다. 각 관점은 Control Layer, Infra Layer, Product Layer 로 정의한다. 시스템의 사용 주체로 서버에 제어 명령 전달 및 전체적인 관제와 시각화를 담당하는 Control Layer 로 정의한다. Product Layer 는 Product 들을 묶어 정의되며, Product 는 현실과 가상에서 mirroring 이 될 두 개체 (Camera, Lidar, Car 등)를 하나의 쌍을 지칭한다. Infra Layer는 서비스를 관리하는 주체로, 양단에서 Physical 과 Virtual 을 엮고 유저의 제어를 Product 까지 전달 및 전처리의 책임을 진다. 본 논문에서는 CIP 개념 구조의 적용과 Kubernetes 오케스트레이션을 활용한 시스템 구현을 통해 시스템 확장에 유연한 구조와 유지보수에 유용한 indoor 자율 주행 시스템을 개발하였다.

Development of Alignment Information Extraction System on Highway by Terrestrial Laser Scanning Technique (지상 레이저 스캐닝 기법에 의한 도로선형정보 추출 시스템 개발)

  • Kim, Jin-Soo
    • Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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    • 제10권4호
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    • pp.97-110
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    • 2007
  • A laser scanning technique has been attracting much attention as a new technology to acquire location information. This technique might be applicable to a wide range of areas, most notably in geomatics, due to its high accuracy of location and automation of high-density data acquisition. A alignment information extraction system on highway has been developed in this study by utilizing the advantages of the laser scanning technique. The system can accurately interpret the alignment information of highway and can be applied to actual works. To develop the alignment information extraction system on highway, an algorithm that can automatically separate a horizontal alignment into a straight line, a transition curve, and a circular curve was developed. It can increase its efficiency compared to the conventional methods. In addition, an algorithm that can automatically extract design elements of horizontal and vertical alignments of highway was developed and applied to an object highway. This yielded higher practicality with more accurate values compared to those from previous studies on the extraction of design elements of highway alignment. Furthermore, the extracted design elements were used to perform a virtual driving simulation on the object highway. Through this, data were provided for a visual judgment for judging visually whether the topography and structures were harmonized in a three-dimensional manner or not. The study also presents data that can serve as a basis to determine highway surface freezing sections and to analyze three-dimensional sight distance models. Through the establishment of a systematic database for diverse data on highway and the development of web-based operating programs, an efficient highway maintenance can be ensured and also they can provide important information to be used when estimating a highway safety in the future.

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Development of an abnormal road object recognition model based on deep learning (딥러닝 기반 불량노면 객체 인식 모델 개발)

  • Choi, Mi-Hyeong;Woo, Je-Seung;Hong, Sun-Gi;Park, Jun-Mo
    • Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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    • 제22권4호
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    • pp.149-155
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    • 2021
  • In this study, we intend to develop a defective road surface object recognition model that automatically detects road surface defects that restrict the movement of the transportation handicapped using electric mobile devices with deep learning. For this purpose, road surface information was collected from the pedestrian and running routes where the electric mobility aid device is expected to move in five areas within the city of Busan. For data, images were collected by dividing the road surface and surroundings into objects constituting the surroundings. A series of recognition items such as the detection of breakage levels of sidewalk blocks were defined by classifying according to the degree of impeding the movement of the transportation handicapped in traffic from the collected data. A road surface object recognition deep learning model was implemented. In the final stage of the study, the performance verification process of a deep learning model that automatically detects defective road surface objects through model learning and validation after processing, refining, and annotation of image data separated and collected in units of objects through actual driving. proceeded.

Estimating Travel Frequency of Public Bikes in Seoul Considering Intermediate Stops (경유지를 고려한 서울시 공공자전거 통행발생량 추정 모형 개발)

  • Jonghan Park;Joonho Ko
    • The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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    • 제22권3호
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    • pp.1-19
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    • 2023
  • Bikes have recently emerged as an alternative to carbon neutrality. To understand the demand for public bikes, we endeavored to estimate travel frequency of public bike by considering the intermediate stops. Using the GPS trajectory data of 'Ttareungyi', a public bike service in Seoul, we identified a stay point and estimated travel frequency reflecting population, land use, and physical characteristics. Application of map matching and a stay point detection algorithm revealed that stay point appeared in about 12.1% of the total trips. Compared to a trip without stay point, the trip with stay point has a longer average travel distance and travel time and a higher occurrence rate during off-peak hours. According to visualization analysis, the stay points are mainly found in parks, leisure facilities, and business facilities. To consider the stay point, the unit of analysis was set as a hexagonal grid rather than the existing rental station base. Travel frequency considering the stay point were analyzed using the Zero-Inflated Negative Binomial (ZINB) model. Results of our analysis revealed that the travel frequency were higher in bike infrastructure where the safety of bike users was secured, such as 'Bikepath' and 'Bike and pedestrian path'. Also, public bikes play a role as first & last mile means of access to public transportation. The measure of travel frequency was also observed to increase in life and employment centers. Considering the results of this analysis, securing safety facilities and space for users should be given priority when planning any additional expansion of bike infrastructure. Moreover, there is a necessity to establish a plan to supply bike infrastructure facilities linked to public transportation, especially the subway.

Edge to Edge Model and Delay Performance Evaluation for Autonomous Driving (자율 주행을 위한 Edge to Edge 모델 및 지연 성능 평가)

  • Cho, Moon Ki;Bae, Kyoung Yul
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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    • 제27권1호
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    • pp.191-207
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    • 2021
  • Up to this day, mobile communications have evolved rapidly over the decades, mainly focusing on speed-up to meet the growing data demands of 2G to 5G. And with the start of the 5G era, efforts are being made to provide such various services to customers, as IoT, V2X, robots, artificial intelligence, augmented virtual reality, and smart cities, which are expected to change the environment of our lives and industries as a whole. In a bid to provide those services, on top of high speed data, reduced latency and reliability are critical for real-time services. Thus, 5G has paved the way for service delivery through maximum speed of 20Gbps, a delay of 1ms, and a connecting device of 106/㎢ In particular, in intelligent traffic control systems and services using various vehicle-based Vehicle to X (V2X), such as traffic control, in addition to high-speed data speed, reduction of delay and reliability for real-time services are very important. 5G communication uses high frequencies of 3.5Ghz and 28Ghz. These high-frequency waves can go with high-speed thanks to their straightness while their short wavelength and small diffraction angle limit their reach to distance and prevent them from penetrating walls, causing restrictions on their use indoors. Therefore, under existing networks it's difficult to overcome these constraints. The underlying centralized SDN also has a limited capability in offering delay-sensitive services because communication with many nodes creates overload in its processing. Basically, SDN, which means a structure that separates signals from the control plane from packets in the data plane, requires control of the delay-related tree structure available in the event of an emergency during autonomous driving. In these scenarios, the network architecture that handles in-vehicle information is a major variable of delay. Since SDNs in general centralized structures are difficult to meet the desired delay level, studies on the optimal size of SDNs for information processing should be conducted. Thus, SDNs need to be separated on a certain scale and construct a new type of network, which can efficiently respond to dynamically changing traffic and provide high-quality, flexible services. Moreover, the structure of these networks is closely related to ultra-low latency, high confidence, and hyper-connectivity and should be based on a new form of split SDN rather than an existing centralized SDN structure, even in the case of the worst condition. And in these SDN structural networks, where automobiles pass through small 5G cells very quickly, the information change cycle, round trip delay (RTD), and the data processing time of SDN are highly correlated with the delay. Of these, RDT is not a significant factor because it has sufficient speed and less than 1 ms of delay, but the information change cycle and data processing time of SDN are factors that greatly affect the delay. Especially, in an emergency of self-driving environment linked to an ITS(Intelligent Traffic System) that requires low latency and high reliability, information should be transmitted and processed very quickly. That is a case in point where delay plays a very sensitive role. In this paper, we study the SDN architecture in emergencies during autonomous driving and conduct analysis through simulation of the correlation with the cell layer in which the vehicle should request relevant information according to the information flow. For simulation: As the Data Rate of 5G is high enough, we can assume the information for neighbor vehicle support to the car without errors. Furthermore, we assumed 5G small cells within 50 ~ 250 m in cell radius, and the maximum speed of the vehicle was considered as a 30km ~ 200 km/hour in order to examine the network architecture to minimize the delay.