• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.383-388
• /
• 2006

SBR is one of the most general sewage/wastewater treatment processes and, particularly, has an advantage in high concentration wastewater treatment like sewage wastewater. A Kernel PCA based fault diagnosis system for biological reaction in full-scale wastewater treatment plant was proposed using only common bio-chemical sensors such as ORP(Oxidation-Reduction Potential) and DO(Dissolved Oxygen). During the SBR operation, the operation status could be divided into normal status and abnormal status such as controller malfunction, influent disturbance and instrumental trouble. For the classification and diagnosis of these statuses, a series of preprocessing, dimension reduction using PCA, LDA, K-PCA and feature reduction was performed. Also, the diagnosis result using differential data was superior to that of raw data, and the fusion data show better results than other data. Also, the results of combination of K-PCA and LDA were better than those of LDA or (PCA+LDA). Finally, the fault recognition rate in case of using only ORP or DO was around maximum 97.03% and the fusion method showed better result of maximum 98.02%.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.279-289
• /
• 2011

The latest hardware and software techniques are combined to give safe walking guidance and convenient service of realtime walking assistance system for visually impaired person. This system consists of obstacle detection and perception, place recognition, and sign recognition for pedestrian can safely walking to arrive at their destination. In this paper, we exploit the sign object detection system in subway station for sign recognition that one of the important factors of walking assistance system. This paper suggest the adaptive feature map that can be robustly extract the sign object region from complexed environment with light and noise. And recognize a sign using fast zernike moment features which is invariant under translation, rotation and scale of object during walking. We considered three types of signs as arrow, restroom, and exit number and perform the training and recognizing steps through adaboost classifier. The experimental results prove that our method can be suitable and stable for real-time system through yields on the average 87.16% stable detection rate and 20 frame/sec of operation time for three types of signs in 5000 images of sign database.

• The Microorganisms and Industry
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.2-17
• /
• 2001

Cyclomaltodextrinase(CDase, EC 3.2.1.54), maltogenic amylase(EC 3.2.1.133). neopullulanase(EC 3.2.1.135)는 cyclomaltodextrin(CD), pullulan 및 전분을 가수분해하는 효소들이다. 이 효소들은 $\alpha$-1,4-Ο-glycosidic 결합에 작용하여 CD와 전분을 말토오스로 pullulan을 panose로 가수분해할 뿐만 아니라 올리고당들을 다양한 당 수용체 분자들의 C-3, C-4. C-6 수산기로 전이시키는 활성도 갖고 있다. 이러한 특성들은 기존의 $\alpha$-amylase를 비롯한 판수화물 분해효소들과 뚜렷이 구별되는 것으로 전분 분해효소들의 분류체계에 새로운 기준점을 제시한다고 하겠다. 본 총설에서는 CDase, maltogenic amylase, neopullulanase처럼 pullulan이나 전분보다 CD를 훨씬 더 잘 분해하는 효소들과 Thermoactinomyces vulgaris amylase II(TVA II)처럼 CD를 분해하기는 하나 pullulan을 더 잘 분해하는 효소들의 생화학적, 효소적, 구조적 특성들을 종합하여 소개하고자 하였다. 이 효소들은 40~60% 정도로 아미노산 서열이 동일하고, 세포 내에 존재하며, 분자량이 62~90 kDa로 $\alpha$-amylase보다 다소 크다. 아미노산 서열 비교분석 및 maltogenic amylase와 TVA II 등의 3차구조 분석 결과, 이 효소들은 아미노 말단에 보통 $\alpha$-amylase에는 존재하지 않는 약 130개 아미노산으로된 영역을 갖고 있어 이를 매개로 이합체를 형성할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이합체-단위체 평형은 염 농도, 효소 농도, 산도 등에 의해 조절되고 단위체와 이합체 모두 효소환성을 갖고 있으나, 기질 특이성이 다르며 단위체는 전분을, 이합체는 CD를 선호하는데 이는 이합체 형성 시 활성부위의 구조적 변화에 따른 것으로 분석되었다. 본 총설에서는 CD 분해효소들의 다양한 기질 특이성을 올리고머 형성 등의 구조적 특성과 관련하여 논함으로써 관련 효소들의 분류체계를 보다 명확히 할 수 있는 자료를 제공하고자 하였으며, 이러한 효소들의 생리적 기능 및 산업적 이용에 대해 제안하고자 하였다.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
• /
• v.24 no.6
• /
• pp.1113-1121
• /
• 2019

In this paper, we propose the face anti-spoofing method based on combination of luminance and chrominance with convolutional neural networks. The proposed method extracts luminance and chrominance features independently from live and fake faces by using stacked convolutional neural networks and auxiliary networks. Unlike previous methods, an attention module has been adopted to adaptively combine extracted features instead of simply concatenating them. In addition, we propose a new loss function, called the contrast loss, to learn the classifier more efficiently. Specifically, the contrast loss improves the discriminative power of the features by maximizing the distance of the inter-class features while minimizing that of the intra-class features. Experimental results demonstrate that our method achieves the significant improvement for face anti-spoofing compared to existing methods.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.39 no.4
• /
• pp.234-247
• /
• 2009

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength of rebonded ceramic brackets according to each condition and find an appropriate method to rebond ceramic brackets with proper shear bond strength in clinical practice. Methods: The study consisted of 12 experimental groups, according to the types of brackets, debonding methods, and treatment methods of the bracket base. Shear bond strength was measured, and adhesive residues left on the tooth surface were assessed. The base of the bracket was examined under scanning electron microscopy. Results: The shear bond strength of the monocrystalline ceramic bracket group was significantly higher than thatof the polycrystalline bracket group with only sandblasting (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in shear bond strength between groups that used rebonded brackets which were debonded with shear force and debonded with laser (p > 0.05). The shear bond strength of the sandblasted/silane group was significantly higher than that of the selectively grinded group with a low-speed round bur and the sandblasted only group (p < 0.001). The retentive structure was more presented in groups where laser was applied than in groups where shear force was applied to debond brackets prior to rebonding. The bracket bases which were treated before rebonding presented smoother surfaces than new brackets. Conclusions: Shear bond strength could be increased by applying a silane coupling agent after sandblasting before rebonding. Also, the bond strength of the selectively grinded group with a low-speed round bur and the sandblasted group showed acceptable bond strength for clinical orthodontic treatment.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
• /
• v.8 no.6
• /
• pp.1014-1021
• /
• 1997

Studies were carried out on the preparation of several kinds of pulps from Sponge gourd fiber by KP, ASP, SP PAP, AP and addition of AQ pulping process. These unbeaten and beaten pulping fibers were observed their characteristics and fiber structure by SEM, FQA, Image analyzer and Micro projector. The results were summarized as follows; 1) The cooking condition which is the possible defibrilation of Shives are KP base($160^{\circ}C$, 2hr.), ASP base($155^{\circ}C$, 4hr.), PAP base($160^{\circ}C$, 1hr.). From the results, the kappa no. had the range of 12, 25, 10 each other. 2) The pulp yields of sponge gourd fiber obtained the range of KP 50~55%, ASP&60~70% and PAP 45~50%. SP base have the highest and contnets of KP&PAP base are much the same as woods. 3) Increasing amount of NaOH on Pulping was accelerated the defibrilation of Shives and was changed a morphology of pulping fiber quality such as fiber length, curl and kink index. 4) Addition of AQ on pulping process of sponge gourd fiber had a affect to raise the rate of delignification while protecting cellullosic components against degradation, especially defibrilation was very excellent, beated pulp much more easily and increased the fibrilation. 5) ASP system have higher bulk density, fiber bonding and protecting cellullosic components against degradation than KP or PAP. 6) The color reactions of the "C" stain solution showed blue or blue-gray with clean and transparency thin cell wall.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.420-438
• /
• 2004

Artificially or naturally contained texts in the natural images have significant and detailed information about the scenes. If we develop a method that can extract and recognize those texts in real-time, the method can be applied to many important applications. In this paper, we suggest a new method that extracts the text areas in the natural images using the low-level image features of color continuity. gray-level variation and color valiance and that verifies the extracted candidate regions by using the high-level text feature such as stroke. And the two level features are combined hierarchically. The color continuity is used since most of the characters in the same text lesion have the same color, and the gray-level variation is used since the text strokes are distinctive in their gray-values to the background. Also, the color variance is used since the text strokes are distinctive in their gray-values to the background, and this value is more sensitive than the gray-level variations. The text level stroke features are extracted using a multi-resolution wavelet transforms on the local image areas and the feature vectors are input to a SVM(Support Vector Machine) classifier for the verification. We have tested the proposed method using various kinds of the natural images and have confirmed that the extraction rates are very high even in complex background images.

• 전기의세계
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.6-10
• /
• 1975

반도체와 그의 응용소자는 지난 20여년간 눈부식 발전을 이룩하였다. 이는 주로 단결정의 제작기술 진보에 의한 것으로 본다. 그러나 최근 단결정과는 전연 다른 유리질반도체가 국제회의에서도 그 우수성을 의논하기에 이르렀다. 유리질 반도체가 주목을 끌게 된겻은 1968년 Ovshinsky가 "무질서 구조에 있어서 가역적 스위칭현상"이라는 논문이 발표되고 유리질 반도체를 사용한 Ovonic 스위칭 소자의 출현에 기인된다. 유리질 반도체가 전기스위칭 작용, 기억작용을 나타낸다고 하는 Ovshinsky의 발표는 전자제치로서의 응용에 대해 찬반되는 의견이 있었지만 물성적 연구의 교량적인 역할을했다고 할 수 있다. 이런 반도체에 속하는 재료는 호칭도 여러가지로 유리질반도체, 비정질반도체 무정형반도체등으로 불리어진다. 단결정체가 각 격자간에 장거리질서를 갖는 반면 유리질 반도체는 무질서한 구조로 각 격자간에 단거리 질서를 갖는 것이 단결정과는 본질적으로 다른 점이라 본다. 유리 반도체의 종류는 첫째, 원소성 유리반도체로서 Ge, Si, Se, Te 들과 같이 단일원소로 된 겻과, 둘째 IV, V, VI족 원소로 된 공유결합 합금인 As$_{2}$Se$_{3}$-As$_{2}$Te$_{3}$ 계 Ge Si As Te계등의 칼코게나이드 유리등으로 금지대는 어느 것이나 2eV이하이다. 셋째 이론결합인 SiO $Al_{2}$O$_{3}$ Ta$_{2}$O$_{3}$Si$_{3}$N$_{4}$등의 산화물 및 질화물로 대표되는 분자성 비정질 물질로서 금지대는 2eV보다 큰 세종류로 크게 분류할 수 있다. 분류할 수 있다. 한다. 단 개개의 문제에 관한 구체적인 해석 또는 검토에 관하여는 다음 기회에 미루기로하고, 우선 여기서는 당면문제로서 대처하지 않으면 안될 자동주파수제어문제및 계통의 경제운용문제만에 한정하여, 이것을 우리나라의 현상과 관련시켜 개설하고, 이들의 자동화에 관한 기본적인 문제를 간단히 적어 보겠다. 가능하다. 제작완료된 ASIC은 기능시험을 완료했으며 실제 line-of-sight(LOS) 시스템 구현에 적용중이다. 시대를 살아 갈 회원들이다. '컨텐츠의 시대'가 개막되는 것이며, 신세기통신과 SK텔레콤은 선의의 경쟁 과 협력을 통해 이동인터넷 서비스의 컨텐츠를 개발해 나가게 될 것이다. 3배가 높았다. 효소 활성에 필수적인 물의 양에 따른 DIAION WA30의 라세미화 효율에 관하여 실험한 결과, 물의 양이 증가할수록 그 효율은 감소하였다. DIAION WA30을 라세미화 촉매로 사용하여 아이소옥탄 내에서 라세믹 나프록센 2,2,2-트리플로로에틸 씨오에스터의 효소적 DKR 반응을 수행해 보았다. 그 결과 DIAION WA30을 사용하지 않은 경우에 비해 반응 전환율과 생성물의 광학 순도는 급격히 향상되었다. 전통적 광학분할 반응의 최대 50%라는 전환율의 제한이 본 연구에서 찾은 DIAION WA30을 첨가함으로써 성공적으로 극복되었다. 또한 고체 염기촉매인 DIAION WA30의 사용은 라세미화 촉매의 회수 및 재사용이 가능하게 해준다.해준다.다. TN5 세포주를 0.2 L 규모 (1 L spinner flask)oJl에서 세포간의 응집현상 없이 부유배양에 적응,배양시킨 후 세포성장 시기에 따른 발현을 조사한 결과 1 MOI의 감염조건 하에서는 $0.6\times10^6$cell/mL의 early exponential시기의 세포밀도에서 72시간 배양하였을 대 최대 발현양을

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.35-43
• /
• 2022

This paper studies how to improve the identification rate of laryngeal disability speech data by convolutional neural network (CNN) and machine learning ensemble learning methods. In general, the number of laryngeal dysfunction speech data is small, so even if identifiers are constructed by statistical methods, the phenomenon caused by overfitting depending on the training method can lead to a decrease the identification rate when exposed to external data. In this work, we try to combine results derived from CNN models and machine learning models with various accuracy in a multi-voting manner to ensure improved classification efficiency compared to the original trained models. The Pusan National University Hospital (PNUH) dataset was used to train and validate algorithms. The dataset contains normal voice and voice data of benign and malignant tumors. In the experiment, an attempt was made to distinguish between normal and benign tumors and malignant tumors. As a result of the experiment, the random forest method was found to be the best ensemble method and showed an identification rate of 85%.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.1-12
• /
• 2023

Coal gasification is a process of incomplete coal combustion to produce a syngas composed of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. It is one of methods to utilize coal cleanly because the process does not emits nitrogen oxides or sulfur oxides and particulate matters. In addition, chemicals can be produced using syngas. Coal gasification is classified as IGCC (Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle), Plasma coal gasification and UCG (Underground Coal Gasification). Recently, WGS (Water Gas Shift) reactor and carbon capture system have been combined to gasifier to produce hydrogen from coal. In this study, the coal gasification and method of hydrogen production from syngas was summarized, and the hydrogen production from coal gasification project was investigated.