• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.47-51
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• 2007

Purpose : The early diagnosis of Kawasaki disease (KD) is difficult sometimes, especially in atypical or incomplete cases presenting 4 or less principal clinical features without coronary arterial lesions (coronary arterial ectasia or aneurysm). The authors investigated the incidence of echocardiographic abnormalities in patients with KD to discover whether abnormal echocardiographic findings might be helpful in the early diagnosis of KD. Methods : Echocardiography was done in the acute stage of 103 patients with KD (Kawasaki group) and 40 patients with other acute febrile illnesses (control group). Abnormal echocardiographic findings were classified into 4 categories and defined as follows; 1) significant pericardial effusion, 2) significant valvular dysfunctions, 3) left ventricular systolic dysfunction, 4) coronary arterial ectasia or aneurysm. Results : In the Kawasaki group, significant pericardial effusion was present in 24 patients (23.3 percent), significant valvular dysfunctions in 30 patients (29.1 percent), left ventricular systolic dysfunction in 10 patients (9.7 percent), and coronary arterial lesions in 27 patients (26.2 percent). In the control group, significant pericardial effusion was present in only one patient (2.5 percent). The number of patients with any one of echocardiographic abnormalities was 57 (55.3 percent) in Kawasaki group and one (2.5 percent) in control group. The sensitivity of echocardiography in the diagnosis of KD was 55.3 percent, the specificity 97.5 percent, the positive predictive value 98.3 percent, and the negative predictive value 45.9 percent. Conclusion : If abnormal echocardiographic findings, even if other than coronary arterial lesions, are confirmed in patients in whom KD is suspected, it seems desirable to inifiate specific treatment for KD.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.919-924
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• 2005

This study was carried out to estimate the effects of parity, milking time, milking interval and days in milk(DIM) on variation in milk yield between consecutive milkings(am to pm to am), morning and evening milk yield and its components, somatic cell counts(SCS), milking duration, milk flow rate and peak milk flow in Holstein dairy cattle. Records from one hundred and twenty two heads of Holstein cattle at National Livestock Research Institute, Korea were used for this study from July 1 to August 8, 2005. The experimental herd had average 1.6$\pm$0.9 parities, 199.8$\pm$109.1 DIM and 12.26$\pm$4.06kg milk yields at each milking. Milking yield, percent milk fat and SNF, milking duration and average milk flow were significantly varied by parity, milking time and DIM. Percent milk protein and lactose were varied by parity and DIM, however SCS and average milk flow were affected by parity and milking time. Milking interval significantly affected the consecutive, morning and evening milk yield and average milk flow. However, MUN was not affected by parity, milking time, DIM and milking interval. Milk yield was decreased with increasing parity. Milk yield in the morning was higher than that of in the evening. Milk yield between consecutive milking was not affected by parity, however, affected by milking time. Percent milk Fat, SNF and SCS were higher at in evening milk than those of in morning milk. Milk protein, lactose, SNF, SCS, milking duration and peak milk flow rate were influenced by parity. This study suggested that milk yield variation between consecutive milking, milking flow rate, and milking duration could be important traits for enhancing Holstein cattle productivity however, and more study is needed to estimate genetic parameters for such traits.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.149-156
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• 2010

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of whole grain barley cracked feed on eating behaviors of Hanwoo steers during finish fattening period. Thirty Hanwoo steers (28 months old) were assigned to five dietary treatments: control (C: normal concentrate as a basal diet), and four feeding groups [T1: 10% addition of whole grain barley cracked (WGBC) feed, T2: 20% addition of WGBC, T3: 30% addition of WGBC and T4: 40% WGBC during the finish fattening period, respectively]. The results of eating behaviors for 48 hours are summarized as follows: Total intake (roughage + concentrate) was higher in the order of T4 > T1 > C > T3 > T2 (P<0.05). Eating time was higher in the order of T4 > T3 > C > T1 > T2 (P<0.01). Ruminating time was higher in the order of T4 > T1 > C > T3 > T2 (P<0.05). But resting time was higher in the order of T2 > T1 > C > T3 > T4. The chewing time including eating and ruminating time was higher in the order of T4 > T3 > C > T1 > T2 (P<0.01). Number of bolus, number of total chews, number of chews/bolus and feed value index were highest in T4 (P<0.05). Ruminating time per bolus was highest in C, and T3 was the lowest (P<0.05) as compared to others. Number of bolus per minute was highest in T3, and C is the lowest (P<0.05). Eating rate and chewing efficiency were highest in T2 (P<0.01, 0.05), but ruminating efficiency was higher in T1 than others. The group behavior was higher in the order of resting(78.5%) > ruminating(11.4%) > eating(10.1%). The stand resting of group behavior was higher in the order of T3 > C > T2 > T1 > T4.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.213-218
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of dentistry users' perception of concern about oral health on their perception of oral health and behaviors. For this purpose, the researcher sampled the outpatients who had used 2 dentistries in Kangnam, Seoul and another 2 dentistries in Kangbuk, Seoul and a hospital attached to a dental college in Bundang, Kyonggi-do and thereby, conducted a self-administered questionnaire survey from April 4 through 28, 2006. 291 responses from the survey were analyzed using the SPSS 12.0 statistical program. The results of this study can be summarized as follows; 1. 45.0% of the patients perceived that their oral conditions were not healthy, 32% thought normal for their oral conditions and 23% felt healthy for their oral conditions. 2. Less women (44.1%) felt healthy for their oral conditions than men (46.3%). 3. The more negative patients' perception of their oral health was, they were more likely (55.1%) to rely on relatives for choice of a dentistry. 45.0% of this group worried about their oral health always, 15.1% were more or less worried, and 11.9% of them felt that their oral health was good(P < 0.05). 4. 66.0% of the subjects worried about their oral health sometimes, and 27.8% of them worried always, and 6.2% worried little. There was no significant gender difference, but the older they were, they worried more always(P < 0.05). 5. 93.8% of the group who worried about their oral health always had ever had their teeth scaled, and 65.8% of them had regularly had their teeth scaled. Such ratios differed significantly from the group who worried about their oral health sometimes (49.7% and 46.2%, respectively). The three groups differed in terms of regular checks significantly: 56.6%, 45.3% and 33.3%, respectively. And the rate of visiting the dentistry without fail was significantly highest (71.6%) in the first group (P < 0.05).

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 1992

The usefulness of hyperthermia for cancer therapy has been established. The purpose of the present investigation was to access feasibility of heating normal lung and the temperature and power requirement were compared with that for liver as solid organ in rabbits by using radiofrequent heating machine. In this study, 20 rabbits were divided into 2 groups according to the heating site and the method of temperature measurement; in group I : lung heating and temperature measuring in skin, esophagus and lung parenchyme; in group II : liver heating and temperature measuring in skin and liver parenchyme. The results were as follows; 1) When the maximum temperature was almost same in lung heating group and liver heating group, the power for liver heating was lesser required than the power for lung heating (p<0.05). 2) The temperature of esophagus for the measurement of mediastinum temperature was $1.1{\pm}0.9^{\circ}C$ higher than the temperature of lung parenchyme (p<0.05). Therefore the above findings suggest lung, air containing organ, is well heated as same as liver, solid organ. So more active trials of lung heating in the lung cancer must be likely considered. But when the lung is heated, the esophageal temperature is higher than lung parenchyme, so the mediastinum damage must be considered seriously.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.1040-1050
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• 1997

Pulmonary rehabilitation has been known to improve dyspnea and exercise tolerance in patients with chronic lung disease, although it does not improve pulmonary function. The mechanism of this improvement is not clearly explained till now; however some authors suggested that the improvement in the skeletal muscle metabolism after the rehabilitation could be a possible mechanism. The metabolc changes in skeletal muscle in patients with COPD are characterized by impaired oxidative phosphorylation which causes early activation of anaerobic glycolysis and excess lactate production with exercise. In order to evaluate the change in the skeletal muscle metabolism as a possible cause of the improvement in the exercise tolerance after the rehabilitation, noninvasive $^{31}P$ magnetic resonance spectroscopy(MRS) of the forearm flexor muscle was performed before and after the exercise training in nine patients with chronic lung disease who have undertaken intensive pulmonary rehabilitation for 6 weeks. 31p MRS was studied during the sustained isometric contraction of the dominant forearm flexor muscles up to the exhaustion state and the recovery period. Maximal voluntary contraction(MVC) force of the muscle was measured before the isometric exercise, and then 30% of MVC force was constantly loaded to each patient during the isometric exercise. After the exercise training, exercise endurance of upper and lower extremities and 6 minute walking distance were significantly increased(p<0.05). There were no differences of baseline intracellular pH (pHi) and inorganic phosphate/phosphocreatine(Pi/PCr). After rehabilitation pHi at the exercise and the exhaustion state showed a significant increase($6.91{\pm}0.1$ to $6.99{\pm}0.1$ and $6.76{\pm}0.2$ to $6.84{\pm}0.2$ respectively, p<0.05). Pi/PCr at the exercise and the recovery rate of pHi and Pi/PCr did not show significant differences. These results suggest that the delayed intracellular acidosis of skeletal muscle may contribute to the improvement of exercise endurance after pulmonary rehabilitation.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.1072-1082
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• 1997

Background : To characterize the clinical features and determine the prognostic factors of severe community-acquired pneumonia. This study is the first of its kind in Korea. Methods : Recruited were 40 patients diagnosed as severe community-acquired pneumonia in Hallym University Hospital from January 1, 1989 through July 31, 1996. Patients were analysed retrospectively for age, sex, underlying disease, respiration rate, hypoxemia, requirement of mechanical ventilation, involvement on chest radiograph, shock, and the serum concentration of BUN and albumin. All parameters were compared between survived and dead group. Results : Male to female ratio was 2.07 : 1. The mean age was $63.1{\pm}17.5$years(range 25~90years) with 65% of patients aged equal to or more than 60. The major underlying diseases were old pulmonary tuberculosis(12.5%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(7.5%), bronchial asthma(5%), bronchiectasis(2.5%), and diabetes mellitus(22.5%). Microbiologic diagnosis was made in 26 out of 40 patients(65%). The most common causative organism was S. pneumoniae(17.5%, 7/40) followed by S. aureus(15.0%, 6/40), K. Pneumoniae(12.5%, 5/40), M. tuberculosis(7.5%, 3/40), H. influenzae(2.5%, 1/40), coagulase negative staphylococcus(2.5%, 1/40), P. aeruginosa(2.5%. 1/40), E. cloaceae(2.5%, 1/40), and E. coli(2.5%, 1/40). M. pneumoniae was detected in no patient. The most frequent drugs administered in single or combination therapy were aminoglycosides(75%, 30/40), second- and third-generation cephalosporin(40%, 16/40 and 27.5%, 11/40), macrolides(27.5%, 11/40), and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid(22.5%, 9/40). Of the 40 patients, 14 died of severe community-acquired pneumonia(37.5%). Among them, seven patients (50%) expired within 72h of hospital arrival. According to multivariate analysis, mortality was significantly associated with requirement of mechanical ventilation, bilateral pulmonary involvement, and serum albumins$\leq$3.0g/dl. Conclusion : An understanding of the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors in severe community-acquired pneumonia identified in this study will optimize therapeutic approach in this disease and help decreasing its notorious mortality rate.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.197-203
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare perinatal outcomes between in vitro fertilization (IVF) twins and naturally conceived twins born to women aged 35 years or older and to provide basic information for taking care of IVF twins born to women aged 35 years or older. Methods: We reviewed the records of perinatal and neonatal outcomes in 288 IVF twins and 220 naturally conceived twins born to women aged 35 years or older between January 2001 and December 2010 at CHA Bundang Medical Center. Results: No difference was observed in the maternal ages of mothers giving birth to IVF twins and those giving birth to naturally conceived twins. Gestational ages and birth weights of IVF twins were not different from those of naturally conceived twins. Various perinatal outcomes, including gestational diabetes mellitus, pregnancy-induced hypertension, placenta previa, premature amniotic membrane rupture, and need for a Cesarean section did not differ between the 2 groups. However, the 1-min and 5-min Apgar scores (P=0.019 and P=0.045, respectively) were different between the 2 groups. The incidence of early-onset sepsis was lower in the IVF twins than in the naturally conceived twins (P=0.02). However, the 2 groups did not show any difference in the incidence of respiratory distress syndrome, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, patent ductus arteriosus, necrotizing enterocolitis, intraventricular hemorrhage, and other congenital anomalies. Conclusion: The perinatal outcomes in IVF twins born to women aged 35 years or older were not significantly different from those of naturally conceived twins.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.39-45
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• 2009

Purpose: Preterm infants are very susceptible to malnutrition because of a lack of storage of nutrients, immature digestion and metabolism, and accompanying diseases associated with prematurity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of nutritional support by the pediatric nutritional support team (pNST) on the clinical course of preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Methods: Between July 2003 and July 2006, 48 preterm infants who were admitted to the NICU at Seoul National University Bundang Hospital were included. The subjects were divided into the following two subgroups according to the presence of NST activity; pre-NST group (n=23) and NST group (n=25). Hospital records were reviewed retrospectively. Results: Forty-eight preterm babies were included (M：F=27：21; gestational age, 25~33 weeks). A dietician, pharmacists, or the pNST participated in the prescription of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) more rapidly in the NST group (p=0.000). The fasting periods and TPN administration periods were significantly decreased in the NST group compared to the pre-NST group (p=0.017 & p=0.001, respectively). The doses of calories, protein, and lipids administered via TPN were significantly increased in the NST group compared to the pre-NST group (p=0.016, p=0.000, and p=0.000, respectively). The total period on antibiotic therapy was significantly decreased in the NST group compared to the pre-NST group (p=0.007). Conclusion: Because nutritional support by the pNST is of benefit to the clinical course of preterm infants in the NICU, the pNST should recommend to improve the nutritional status and clinical outcome of preterm infants.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.114-123
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• 2005

Purpose : A wide, epidemic outbreak of M. pneumoniae pneumonia occurred throughout Korea in late 2003. Compared with previous years, the 2003 outbreak resulted in more severe cases and in an increased incidence of extrapulmonary symptoms and/or complications. We compared the clinical characteristics for M. pneumoniae pneumonia of 2003 to those of the past years. Methods : One hundred six children diagnosed with M. pneumoniae pneumonia by serologic tests at Bundang Cha General Hospital between Aug 2003 to April 2004 were enrolled. Medical records were reviewed retrospectively, for clinical, laboratory and radiological aspect as well as complications. The pleural effusions of 3 patients who underwent thoracentesis were also analyzed. Results : The duration of fever, cough, rhinorrhea, and sore throat was $8.2{\pm}4.7$, $22.1{\pm}4.8$, $8.4{\pm}2.1$, $4.3{\pm}1.2$ days, respectively. The incidence (percentage) and duration of abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, skin rash, arthralgia was $5.1{\pm}2.5$ (21.9%), $3.4{\pm}2.1$ (17.1%), $4.3{\pm}1.8$ (16.2%), $3.5{\pm}2.1$ (14.4%), $5.5{\pm}0.7$ (5.9%) and $4.6{\pm}1.3$ days (4.9%), respectively. The mean duration of admission and treatment were $7.4{\pm}4.3$ days and $21.6{\pm}11.1$ days. Higher values of CRP and ESR on admission were positively correlated with the duration of fever and length of admission. The findings of pleural effusion were similar to those seen in TB pleurisy. Complications, including myocarditis (2 cases), arthritis (3 cases), vasculitis (5 cases), asthma (3 cases), ARDS (1 case), and DIC (2 cases) were observed in 14.1% of patients. Conclusion : We found a number of characteristics of M. pneumoniae pneumonia among cases from late 2003 that were different from those of previous years. This outbreak resulted in more severe cases and in an increased incidence of extrapulmonary symptoms and/or complications. A multicenter study is needed to verify the changes in clinical characteristics observed during the 2003 outbreak from previous ones.