• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.310-319
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• 2007

Purpose: The descriptive correlational study was designed to examine the relationship of eating behavior to depression, trait anger, anger expression, Behavior Activation System(BAS) and Behavior Inhibition System(BIS) in adolescent women. Method: 437 women aged 15 to 18 years were recruited from two high schools located in Seoul, Korea. The instruments used were SCL's depression scale, Spielberger's state trait anger expression inventory-Korean version for trait anger and anger expression, the Korean-BAS/BIS scale for behavior activation system and behavior inhibition system, and Eating Attitude Test(EAT-26) for eating behavior. Results: The score of EAT significantly correlated with depression, trait anger, anger expression, BAS and BIS. The EAT score also had a significant relationship with anger-in and anger-out. Depression only correlated with the dieting among factors of EAT, Trait anger, anger-in and anger-out showed a significant correlation with EAT factors such as dieting and oral control. BAS significantly correlated with dieting; whereas, BIS revealed a relationship with bulimia/food preoccupation. Conclusion: Based on this results, various variables need to be included for a nursing intervention program leading to healthy diet behaviors of adolescent women.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.22-32
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• 2011

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to examine the level of anger, anger expression, depression, psychosomatic symptom and perceived health status, and to identify the influencing factors of anger expression in shelter residents. Methods: This study employed a descriptive correlational design. Data were collected from 407 homeless people residing at 27 shelters using structured instrument. Results: The level of anger expression was different by age, educational level, existence of children, and duration of shelter residency. Anger expression was significantly correlated with depression, psychosomatic symptoms and perceived health status. The predictors of high-level anger expression was younger age, low educational level, duration of shelter residency in Model 1 (F=6.884, p<.001, Adj. $R^2=.065$, and depression and psychosomatic symptoms in Model 2 (F=7.197, p<.001, Adj. $R^2=.113$. Conclusion: This study suggested that the homeless in the shelters had various psychological vulnerabilities, and therefore more individualized programs based on their needs and psychological health status should be provided for the homeless.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.33-43
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• 2012

Objectives: The study has a purpose of contributing to understanding children of multi-cultural families and healthy development of children by examining influences of parental attachment perceived by the children on their anger trait and anger expressions. Methods: The data were collected from 113 students in grade 4~6, and analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, pearson correlation coefficient by the SPSS/PC 18.0 program. Results: The result showed the stable attachment with parents significantly influences children's anger and expression(anger out/control). And mother's attachment was significantly stronger than father's attachment, especially mutual trust and communication. Father's attachment had significantly negative influences state-trait anger and anger out/in, and mother's attachment had significantly negative influences state-trait anger and anger out. Actually father's attachment had stronger influences children's anger and anger expression. Conclusions: There was relationship between father's attachment and anger trait/ expression by children of multi-cultural families. For the effective management of multi-cultural children's anger, programs focusing on improving father-child relationships need to be established.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.451-459
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between anger expression and self-esteem in nursing college students. Methods: A total of 297 subjects aged between 18 and 28 were selected through convenience sampling. Data were collected from March 2 to 25, 2011 using a self-reporting questionnaire. Collected data were analyzed with SPSS/WIN 15.0. Results: Differences in anger expression according to general characteristics were as follows. There were significant differences in violent attitude depending on gender (t=3.003, p<.01). Violent actions differed significantly depending on year in school (F=3.279, p<.05) and whether there is a dual income families (t=-2.23, p<.05). There were significant differences in self-esteem depending on year in school (F=4.553, p<.01), school record (F=15.18, p<.001) and the economic status of the parents (F=4.878, p<.01). There were positive correlations between violent attitude and violent actions, except between violent actions and self-esteem. 10.3% of the variance in violent actions was explained by violent attitude, self-esteem and school in year and perceived acceptance. Conclusion: The findings of this study may be useful in understanding the anger expression of nursing college students and developing more specific programs to improve personality and self-control of the mind.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.247-256
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• 2018

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the influence of nurses' resilience and anger expression styles on their nursing work performance in emergency departments. Methods: The study included 107 nurses from 5 hospitals in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do who consented to participate. Data ware collected from March to April 2016. Multiple regression analysis was used to identify factors influencing nurses' performance. Results: Nurses' performance was higher when resilience was high and anger expression was low. The result of the multiple regression indicated that present working years in the emergency room, work satisfaction, anger expression, anger control, and resilience predicted 39.4% (F=7.27, p<.001) of the nursing performance of hospital nurses in emergency departments. The most powerful predictor was resilience (${\beta}=.45$, p<.001), followed by anger-out (${\beta}=-.25$, p=.006). Conclusion: This study showed that the most influential variables of work performance in emergency nurses ware resilience and anger expression. To enhance the nursing performance of hospital nurses in emergency departments, it is necessary to develop and implement mentorship programs that enhance resilience and educational programs that help them manage their anger.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to develop Music Recall Technique for affect modification using programmed series of classical music, and further to apply the technique as therapeutic intervention for clients with anorexia nervosa. Music Recall Technique is composed of two sub-technique: first one is 'Music Recall(MR)' which is the way to reproduce of existing music on one's head and mind after listening to the music, and second intervention is 'Creative Music Recall(CMR)' which is the way to modify the exposed musical pieces or newly learned musical pieces. A client with anorexia nervosa with severe anxiety, anger and depression participated in this case study. The MRT is implemented in different stages pertaining to client's level of utilizing the music recall skill for the period of 10 sessions. Situations eliciting negative emotions were identified and music recalling was reinforced for the pertaining situation in order for the negative emotion to be coped and reduced by the end of session time. The client participated for 10 sessions, and was asked to fill out self-report on the affect change using MRT. Visual Analogue Scale was used for pre and post test for each session to measure the self perceived level of negative affect. State-trait anxiety inventory was also used to measure the anxiety level following the implementation of MRT. As results, negative emotions, such as anxiety, anger and depression were modified during stimulative-sedative music recall process. These negative emotions were decreased mostly during stimulative MR, especially, in the beginning process. Each negative affect on negative situation measured by VAS during each and entire session have been decreased. Negative emotion measured by state-trait anxiety inventory, state-trait anger expression inventory, and hopelessness-depression inventory were decreased as well. The results suggest that stimulative music using contemporary classic music was effective in reduction and modification of negative affect such as anxiety, anger and depression. It shows that Music Recall Technique can be a meaningful intervention for affect modification, and further it can be utilized as self-help in the outside of music therapy setting.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.195-205
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• 2005

Purpose: This study was to identify the relationship between perceived stress, anger expression, and level of depression in cancer patients. Method: A cross-sectional descriptive study design was used. Data was collected by uestionnaires from 185 in- and out-patients who were diagnosed with cancer at 3 university hospitals and the National Cancer Center using Spielberger et al.’s Anger Expression Scale, Cohen, Kamarch & Mermelstein's Perceived Stress, and Derogatise's SCL-90. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression with SAS/PC. Result: The perceived stress in cancer patients indicated a significant positive correlation to anger-in(r=.288, p=.000), anger-out(r=.232, p=.001), and depression(r=.68, p=.000), but no significant correlation to anger-control. The anger-in of cancer patients showed a significant positive relationship to anger-out(r=.53, p=.000), and depression(r=.383, p=.000), but no significant correlation to anger-control. Anger-out showed a significantly negative correlation to anger-control (r=-.248, p=.001) and a positive correlation to depression (r=.240, p=.001). The most significant predictor which influenced depression in cancer patients was perceived stress, followed by anger-in and hobby, and these factors explained their depression with a variance of 54%. Conclusion: These results suggested that cancer patients with a high degree of perceived stress are likely to be high in anger-out and anger-in. Perceived stress and anger-in are major factors which affect depression in cancer patients.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.163-178
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to validate the mediating effects of anger expression types for anxiety on the violent behaviors of adolescent school violence offenders. For the purpose of this study, 114 adolescent school violence offenders and 178 general youths were selected. Through the structural equation model, the mediating effects of anger expression types that are manifested in the path of violent acts of adolescent school violence offenders and general youths are verified. The major findings of this study are as follows. First, for both groups, the same path of violent behavior through anger-in and anger-out was followed: youths repress anger when they have higher anxiety, and when too much anger is repressed, anger-out increases, which results in more violent behaviors. Second, the level of anxiety of adolescent school violence offenders has direct effect on the responsive violent behaviors while the level of anxiety of general youths does not have direct effect on violent behaviors. Third, although the anxiety of adolescent school violence offenders may increase violent behaviors through the paths of acting-in and acting-out, violent behaviors can be reduced by reducing anger-out. Therefore, to reduce the violent behaviors of adolescent school violence offenders, intervention is needed for those who repress their anger due to anxiety; professional education is also required for adolescent school violence offenders to help them control their anger.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2013.11a
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• pp.1476-1478
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• 2013

최근 페이스북(Facebook), 트위터(Twitter) 등의 SNS(Social Network Service)의 사용자가 급격하게 증가하고 있다. SNS가 발달하면서 언제 어디서나 쉽게 자신의 위치, 현재의 감정들을 온라인상에서 공유한다. 이에 따라 사람의 감정을 표현하는 단어 100여개를 7가지 감정(기쁨, 흥미, 슬픔, 분노, 놀람, 지루함, 통증)으로 분류하였으며[1]. 이를 분석하기 위한 감정 표현 분석기 모듈을 설계하였다. 설계한 모듈을 사용하여 페이스북의 사용자 뉴스피드(News-Feed)를 분석하여 사용자의 성향을 분석하였다.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.193-208
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• 2004

This study purported to empirically examine joy expression and its cognitive and social contexts in children's play. The following question was asked: 1) What kind(s) of emotional expression(s) can be considered as a defining feature of play? 2) What cognitive/social play contexts are associated with joy expression. 30 children aged 3, 4, and 5 years were observed in terms of the length of each emotional expression at play/nonplay, and at cognitive/social play categories. The findings of this study showed that regardless of children's age and gender only joy expression could be considered as a defining feature of play, and that R&T play and chase games, or associative and cooperative social play were strongly related to joy expression. The findings were discussed in reference with existing assertions and perspectives, emphasizing the importance of joy expression in defining children's play despite of the predominance of interest expression in play. The findings were also discussed in reference with metacommunication functions and social construction of joy, considering cognitive/social contexts of joy. Implications for play researchers and practitioners were described in terms of developing playful learning strategies for childhood. Limitations of this study, and suggestions for further research were also provided.