• Title/Summary/Keyword: 부하분석

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A study on the Operation Algorithm for Bi-directional Sectonalizer in Distribution System Interconnected with Distributed Generations (분산전원이 연계된 배전계통의 양방향 구간개폐기의 동작 알고리즘에 관한 연구)

  • Yoon, Gi-Gab;Jeong, Jum-Soo;An, Tae-Pung;Rho, Dae-Seok
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.10 no.8
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    • pp.1802-1809
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    • 2009
  • Abstract The typical distribution systems have the power flow from distribution substations (sources) to customers (load) only as one direction. However, in the case where distributed generations (DG) such as PV system and wind power systems are connected to distribution systems, the DG output variations to distribution systems, so called reverse power flow, may cause the bi-directional power flow. So, the reverse power flow has severe impacts on typical power system, for example power quality problems, protection coordination problems, and so on. Especially, protection devices (sectionalizer) in primary feeder of distribution system interconnected with distributed generations may cause problems of malfunction, and then many customers could have problems like an interruption. So, this paper presents the bi-directional operation algorithm of protection devices to overcome the problems like mal-function. And, also this paper shows the effectiveness of proposed method by using both PSCAD/EMTDC software and test facility of protection devices to simulate the field distribution systems.

Study on Energy Performance And Economic Evaluation of Windows System with Built-in Type Blinds (블라인드 내장형 창호시스템의 에너지 성능 및 경제성 평가에 관한 연구)

  • Joe, Won-Hwa;Lim, Nam-Gi
    • Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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    • v.10 no.2
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    • pp.97-104
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    • 2010
  • This study evaluated the energy efficiency of a windows system using built-in blinds, with regard to their insulation performance and their blocking of solar radiation. The study took advantage of the "Physibel Voltra" program as a physical simulation of heat transfer. To simulate the "Physibel Voltra" program, I practiced a mock-up test to determine heating quality and translation condition. I analyzed the propensity to annual energy consumption, the annual quantity of heat transfer, and the annual cooling and heating cost through a computer simulation for one general household in an apartment building. In the test, it was found that compared to a general windows system, a windows system with built-in blinds reduced the annual heat transfer by 10% in cooling states and by 11% in heating states when the blind was up. When the blind was down, the windows system with built-in blinds reduced the annual heat transfer by 25% in cooling states and 30% in heating states. When a windows system with built-in blinds is compared with a general windows system, the quantity of cooling and heating loads is reduced by 283.3kw in cooling states and 76.3kw in heating states. This leads to a reduction in the required cooling and heating energy of 359.6kw per house. It is thus judged that the use of a windows system with built-in blinds is advantageous in terms of reducing greenhouse gas emissions, because the annual TOE (tons of oil equivalent) per house is reduced by 0.078TOE, while $tCO_2$ is reduced by $0.16tCO_2$. In addition, compared with a general windows system, the cost of cooling and heating loads in the system reduces the annual cooling cost by 100,000won, and the annual heating cost by 50,000won. Ultimately, this means that cooling and heating loads are cut by 150,000won per year.

A Study on Water Quality Management on Urban Water Circulating System in the New City (신도시 내 물순환시스템 구축 및 수질관리 연구)

  • Ahn, Chang-Hyuk;Joo, Jin-Chul;Kwon, Jae-Hyeong;Song, Ho-Myeon;Ahn, Ho-Sang
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2012.05a
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    • pp.743-743
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    • 2012
  • 최근 국내에서는 저탄소 녹색도시 조성의 일환으로 도시의 환경오염과 기후변화의 문제의 원인이 되고 있는 탄소 배출을 억제하고 고유가 시대에 에너지저감을 동시에 고려하는 저탄소 도시 조성을 통해 기후변화 시대에 대응을 추진하고 있다(국토해양부, 2009). 이러한 결과로 최근 도시내 물순환시스템(urban water circulating system or blue-network)의 구축이 요구되며 이는 자연의 생태 기능을 복원하고 오염부하를 저감하여 도시 환경의 건강성과 지속성 향상에 기여한다. 이러한 도시물순환시스템은 시민의 휴식 및 문화 공간, 도심열섬현상 완화, 재해방지, 생물서식공간(biotope) 제공 등의 기본적인 기능 이외에도 탄소배출 감소, 우수 저류공간 확보, 지하수위 유지, 비상용수 확보, 대기오염물질의 집진제거, 습지보전 및 생물종 다양성 확보 등의 주요 기능을 수행할 수 있기 때문에 구도심의 재개발 또는 신도시 개발 시 도시 어메니티(amenity) 증진에 널리 적용되고 있다(서울시정개발연구원 2003; 한국토지공사 2003). 남한산성을 포함하는 청량산 계곡수를 발원지로서, 공간적 범위는 장지천과 창곡천을 따라 약 3.5 km 서쪽으로 흘러 탄천에 이르기까지의 물길축(blue-network)를 기반으로 하며 총면적은 $6.8km^2$ 으로 서울, 성남, 하남의 3개 행정구역에 걸쳐있다. 내용적 범위는 현황조사(개발 컨셉, 하천분포현황, 인접지역 연계, 수질), 수량 및 수질 확보방안(물수지분석, 다중 수원 확보방안, 목표수질 설정, 부영양화 가능성 평가), 물순환시스템 구축(소하천 등과 연계 방안), 유지관리 방안의 순서로 진행하여 기본계획을 도출하였다. 현황조사 결과 본 사업대상지는 장지천, 창곡천, 학암천 등 3개 소하천이 서쪽의 탄천과 연결되어 있으며 동쪽은 산지로 청량산이 인접하기에, 주변 자연지형을 최대한 고려하여 물순환시스템을 계획하였다. 하천 유량은 기존 환경영향평가서, 하천 연계방안, 신도시 조성 관련기준 등을 종합적으로 고려하여 하류에서 각각 장지천 $10,087m^3/d$, 창곡천 $7,103m^3/d$, 복우천 $5,530m^3/d$ 의 유지용수량을 산정하였다. 도시 친수공간 확보와 어메니티 향상을 위해 지구내 수로(휴먼링)을 조성하여 장지천, 창곡천과 연계하였으며 주요 유지용수는 저탄소 녹색도시 건설에 부합하도록 우수을 활용한 함양지 및 계곡수로 조성 계획하였다. 또한, 인접한 장지천 및 창곡천 등 소하천은 지속적인 유량공급 및 양질의 수질을 확보하기 위해서 하상여과수를 검토 후 제안하였다.

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Characteristics of heavy metal concentrations in urban stormwater runoff, Daejeon, Korea (도시 유역 강우유출수 내 중금속 농도의 변화 특성에 관한 연구)

  • Yu, Eunjin;Seo, Dongil
    • Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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    • v.51 no.10
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    • pp.917-927
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    • 2018
  • Seven heavy metal concentrations (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn) were continuously analyzed for twenty rainfall events in 2017~2018 in an urban basin. The overall and dynamic correlations between runoff characteristics and heavy metal concentrations were examined. The peak metal concentration generally appeared in the initial runoff but found to be delayed when the rainfall intensity was low. The rainfall duration had no relationship with either heavy metal concentrations or their total mass. Dynamics of heavy metal mass (load), with the exception of Cu and Zn, showed strong correlation with the 30 minute rainfall intensity (0.60~0.88) and runoff volume (0.74~0.89). While event mean concentration (EMC) showed positive correlation (0.54~0.73) with antecedent dry days (ADD), no significant relationship was found between runoff volume and pollutant concentration. This implies that the pollutants built up on the surface during dry days are washed off even with low rainfall energy. The dynamics of heavy metal and TSS concentrations showed good correlation (0.68~0.87). This result shows that the metals are transported along with solid particles as adsorbate in surface runoff. Regular street sweeping will reduce significant amount of heavy metal loads in urban surface runoff.

DO concentration assessment on the micro-bubble generator operation in agricultural lake (농업용 호소의 마이크로버블 현장적용에 따른 DO 농도 평가)

  • Choi, Sunhwa;Lee, Seungheon;Jang, Kyusang;Lee, Jinkyung
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2016.05a
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    • pp.431-431
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    • 2016
  • J 호소는 1942년도에 충청남도 아산시 선장면에 설치된 농업용 저수지로서, 현재 COD, TN, TP 모두 등급외의 수질상태를 보이고 있다. J 호소 상류 유역은 축산농가가 다수 위치하고 있으며, 설치된 지 70년이 지난 노후화된 저수지로 고농도의 오염물질 유입뿐만 아니라 호소 바닥의 오염 퇴적물에 의한 내부 부하가 중요한 수질오염원이 되고 있다. 호소의 수질은 현재 COD 10.6~16.5 mg/L, Chl-a $75mg/m^3$ 이상으로 수질오염도가 매우 높으며, 특히 늦봄에서 초가을까지 외기온도 상승 및 저수율 저하와 함께 부영양화 증가, 녹조 대발생 등으로 호 내 물고기 대량 폐사 및 악취발생 등으로 민원이 다수 발생하고 있다. 이러한 현상의 직접적인 원인은 수중의 DO 농도 결핍이며, 따라서 수중의 DO 농도를 일정수준 이상으로 유지시켜 주는 것은 호소 수질관리를 위해 매우 필요하다고 판단된다. 본 연구에서는 공기 중의 산소를 호소 수체에 포기시켜 주는 마이크로버블 발생장치를 J 저수지에 설치하여 수체의 DO 농도 변화 등을 분석하였고, 본 연구결과는 농업용 호소의 수질개선을 위한 기술개발 및 계획수립의 기초자료로 활용하고자 하였다. 마이크로버블 포기장치는 수심이 약 4m 되는 저수지 제방 근처에 100m 간격으로 총 3지점에 설치하였다. 버블 발생기는 기액 2상류 선회형 마이크로 버블 발생장치로 3지점에 각 1set(1set에 3기로 구성)씩 구성하여 저수지 바닥 층에서 상부로 1m 떨어진 지점에 고정식으로 설치하였다. 총 공기흡입량은 380 LPM이며, 사용동력은 12.2kW를 사용하였다. 마이크로 버블 포기장치 설치 후 호 내 DO 농도 변화를 평가하기 위하여 호소 전체에 18개 지점을 선정하여 수심 50cm 간격으로 DO 농도를 측정하였다. 가동 전에는 DO 평균농도가 표층에서는 약 7.7mg/L로 나타났고, 수심에 따라 거의 수직적으로 감소하여 바닥층에서는 약 0.2mg/L로 거의 무산소 상태를 보이고 있었다. 마이크로 버블 가동 2주 후에는 수심 3m까지의 모든 수층에서 DO 농도가 약 6.0mg/L 이상을 보였고, 바닥층에서는 DO 약 3.4mg/의 농도를 나타내었다. 가동 3주 후에도 2주 후와 비슷한 수치를 보이고 있었으나 가동 4주가 지나면서부터는 호소 바닥층(수심 3.5m)에서도 DO 농도가 7.0mg/L 이상의 높은 농도를 유지하는 것으로 조사되었다. 호소 저층에서 호기성 상태의 지속적 유지는 퇴적 오염물질이 수층으로 용출되는 것을 예방할 수 있으므로 마이크로버블을 잘 활용하면 호소의 악취제거 및 수질개선에 많은 도움이 될 것으로 판단된다.

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A Study on Linkage Integration Control System Using Power Line Communication(PLC) and Wireless Sensor Network(WSN) (전력선 통신과 무선 센서 네트워크 기술을 이용한 연동 통합제어 시스템에 관한 연구)

  • Ji, Yun-il;Lim, Kang-il;Park, Kyung-sub
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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    • 2009.05a
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    • pp.733-736
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    • 2009
  • Power Line Communication(PLC) is need not additional communication line. So establishment expense is inexpensive and application is simple. Therefore, lower part network of various application field is possible. However, there are high subordinate interference and noise problem on limited transmission data and communication interference element. Wireless Sensor Network(WSN) is need not infrastructure, Self-regulating network architecture of sensor nodes is possible. So at short time, network construction is available. But, power consumption is increased by active sensing for QoS elevation and unnecessary information transmission, low electric power design and necessity of improve protocol are refered to life shortening problem and is studied. In this paper, supplement problem of power line communication and wireless sensor network mutually and because advantage becomes linkage integration control system using synergy effect of two technologies as more restriction be and tries to approach structurally control network that is improved for smooth network environment construction. Honeywell's hybrid sensor network does comparative analysis(benchmarking). Confirm performance elevation proposing teaming of power line communication and wireless sensor network. Through simulation, service delay decreases and confirms that performance elevation.

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A New Architecture of Instant Message Service with Multiple Servers (다중서버 방식의 새로운 인스턴트메시지 서비스 구조)

  • Jang, Choonseo;Lee, Ky-Soo
    • Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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    • v.18 no.11
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    • pp.99-106
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    • 2013
  • In Instant message service, the server should process instant messages and request messages which include many presence resources for users. And it also precesses massive notification messages generating from the subscribed presence resources. In this paper a new architecture of instant message service with multiple servers which can distribute loads efficiently as the number of users increases has been suggested. It also provides various functions to users using extended call processing language. The user subscribes presence information and call processing language script which describes user's functions. The server processes instant messages, presence services and call processing language scripts. New extended presence information data structure has been suggested and new call processing language operation tags have been added. Therefore extendability of the system can be increased and various services which combine presence service and call processing can be provided in this system. Furthermore instant message processing module has been integrated in the server to decrease the amount of SIP(Session Initiation Protocol) messages, and it also improves system efficiency, The performance of our proposed system has been analysed by experiments.

A Study on the Feasibility of Installing Solar Auxiliary Power for Small Fishing Boats (태양광 보조전원을 설치한 소형선박의 타당성 연구)

  • Yoon, Kyoungkuk;Jeon, Hyeonmin;Hwang, Junyoung;Kim, Jongsu
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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    • v.27 no.6
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    • pp.883-889
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    • 2021
  • The South Korean fishing industry is experiencing a rapid growth owing to an increase in its leisure-fishing population. Consequently, fishing boats weighing 9-10 [ton] have also been increasing. Current fishing boats operate their essential equipment by switching their engines with batteries to reduce the cost of gas and engine noise. However, stranding incidents have been increasingly recorded annually, in which boats fail to start owing to discharged batteries, and these incidents can lead to serious casualties. This study proposes the installation of a solar auxiliary power system to safeguard fishing boats, particularly those weighing between 9-10 [ton]. The feasibility of securing space for the solar auxiliary power of boats under consideration was verified. To examine the application of solar power, this study calculates the load necessary to operate it for fishing and models such a system using an electricity analysis program The modeled system, which applies the monthly horizontal solar insolation, validated the adoption of a solar auxiliary power in fishing boats.

A Study on Detection Algorithm of Open Phase Fault in Grid-Connected Transformer for PV System (태양광전원 연계용변압기의 결상사고 검출 알고리즘에 관한 연구)

  • Kang, Kab-Seok;Tae, Dong-Hyun;Lee, Hu-Dong;Rho, Dae-Seok
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.22 no.5
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    • pp.22-33
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    • 2021
  • In the case of open phase faults caused by the disconnection of distribution feeders interconnected to a PV system, many problems can occur depending on the core type and wiring method of the grid-connected transformers. Moreover, open phase faults are difficult to detect because the open phase voltage of the existing protection relay (Open Phase Relay (47)) can be maintained, even though a disconnection fault occurred, depending on the wiring method and the iron core type of the grid-connected transformer for a PV system. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel algorithm to detect open phase faults by comparing the currents and phases between the primary and secondary sides of a grid-connected transformer. In addition, this paper presents the modeling of a distribution system and protection devices for detecting open phase faults using PSCAD/EMTDC S/W, and implements a test protection device for detecting open phase faults based on the above-mentioned modeling. The simulation and test results confirmed that the proposed algorithm is useful for detecting open phase faults according to the wiring method and iron core type of grid-connected transformer for a PV system because operation slope and unbalance rate of the primary current exceed the setting value (30[%]) of the protection device.

Development of AI-based Real Time Agent Advisor System on Call Center - Focused on N Bank Call Center (AI기반 콜센터 실시간 상담 도우미 시스템 개발 - N은행 콜센터 사례를 중심으로)

  • Ryu, Ki-Dong;Park, Jong-Pil;Kim, Young-min;Lee, Dong-Hoon;Kim, Woo-Je
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.20 no.2
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    • pp.750-762
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    • 2019
  • The importance of the call center as a contact point for the enterprise is growing. However, call centers have difficulty with their operating agents due to the agents' lack of knowledge and owing to frequent agent turnover due to downturns in the business, which causes deterioration in the quality of customer service. Therefore, through an N-bank call center case study, we developed a system to reduce the burden of keeping up business knowledge and to improve customer service quality. It is a "real-time agent advisor" system that provides agents with answers to customer questions in real time by combining AI technology for speech recognition, natural language processing, and questions & answers for existing call center information systems, such as a private branch exchange (PBX) and computer telephony integration (CTI). As a result of the case study, we confirmed that the speech recognition system for real-time call analysis and the corpus construction method improves the natural speech processing performance of the query response system. Especially with name entity recognition (NER), the accuracy of the corpus learning improved by 31%. Also, after applying the agent advisor system, the positive feedback rate of agents about the answers from the agent advisor was 93.1%, which proved the system is helpful to the agents.