• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.44 no.1
• /
• pp.7-11
• /
• 2001

The distribution of procymidone in a small vinyl house containing cucumber plants or mimic plants was investigated after application of smoke generator. The deposition of procymidone on glass plate and filter paper was significantly similar to that on cucumber leaves, so that glass plate and filter paper could be substituted for cucumber leaves on deposition studies. The deposition of procymidone was proportional to the horizontally projected area of surface; the deposition on the horizontal surface was maximal, and the deposition was minimal for the perpendicular surface. The amount of deposition on the backside of leaf was less than 5% compared to that on the horizontal surface of leaf. The height of leaf from the floor was not a significant factor influencing on the deposition of procymidone whether leaves were overlapped or not. However, the deposition of procymidone on the overlapped leaves was relatively less than that on the unoverlapped leaves. And the deposition difference depending on the distance between leaves was not observable. Overall, the deposition of procymidone was proportionally increased with the application rate of smoke generator, but the deposition was inversely related to the sum of the total horizontal leaf area of mimic plants and the surface area of floor.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.317-322
• /
• 2015

This study was conducted to obtain basic data for deriving the appropriate application amount of insecticide for effective pest control. We have investigated the correlation among the application amount of insecticide, the adhesion amount of active ingredient and the pest control effect. The linear standard curve of acetamiprid was $R^2=0.9994$, and the scope of the recovery factor was between 71% and 93% with less than 6% of the coefficient of variation. During the test conducted in 2015, the application amount was reduced to 302 L/10a which was 70 L less than the previous year and the spraying pressure was reduced as well. After analyzing the adhesion amount of active ingredient, it was found that a correlation coefficient of adhesion amount of the active ingredients became lower from 82% to 69%, that indicated insecticide liquid was evenly distributed compared to 2014. Also more than 95% of control effect was displayed, thereby indicating that there is a close relation with the correlation coefficient of the adhesion amount of active ingredient. It also presented that the adhesion amount of active ingredient on the ground was 2.2 times more than that on the leaves of apple trees.

• Proceedings of the Korean Aquaculture Society Conference
• /
• 2003.10a
• /
• pp.97-97
• /
• 2003

유용 수산생물인 전복, 소라, 성게 등 무척추동물의 종묘생산에 있어 부착 규조류는 수서 생태계의 일차 생산자로서 유생의 변태와 변태 후의 초기 먹이생물로 활용되고 있으며 최근에는 단일 부착규조류의 실내 배양을 통해 유용 수산생물 종묘의 대량 생산을 유도하고 있다. 부착규조류의 생물량 및 종 조성에 따라 이들 조식동물의 성장과 먹이 효율성에 커다란 영향을 끼친다. 이 연구는 종묘생산의 환경 조건과 동일한 현장에서 유수식 수조에 투명 플라스틱 부착파판(30$\times$40cm)을 설치하여 1997년 10월부터 1999년 4월까지 실내수조에 설치한 부착파판을 10일 간격으로 회수하여 부착된 규조류의 생물량과 환경적 특성을 조사하였다. 실험기간 동안 자연광을 55~75% 차단한 상태에서 실험을 진행하였고 수온과 염분은 각각 14.1$^{\circ}C$~28.6$^{\circ}C$와 32.5$\textperthousand$~35.3$\textperthousand$의 범위를 보였다. 실험기간 동안 부착규조류의 총 출현종수는 27종(17속 25종 2미동정종)으로 중심규조류(centric diatom)가 4종 그리고 우상규조류(pennate diatom)가 23종이었다. 현존량의 30% 이상을 점유하는 부착 규조류들은 Bacillaria paxillifera, Cocconeis scutellum, Diatoma hyalina, Navicula mollis, Nitzschia sp., Synedra tabulta 등 6종이 우점하였다. 부착규조류의 현존량은 2.5$\times$$10^3$~ 5.0$\times$$10^{5}$ cells $cm^{-2}$ 의 분포 범위로 1999년 4월에 가장 높고 1997년 10월에 가장 낮았다. Chlorophyll $\alpha$량 ($\mu\textrm{g}$ chl $\alpha$ $cm^{-2}$)은 0.02 ~ 1.72 $\mu\textrm{g}$ chi $\alpha$ $cm^{-2}$의 범위로써 부착규조류의 현존량과 유사한 분포 특성을 보였다. 유수식 실내수조에 부착된 부착규조류의 부착 형태, 우점종과 현존량은 배양 시기에 따라 종간 특이성을 보였다.다.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2016

In order to obtain efficient control effect of the pesticide, it is important to ensure uniform adhesion to the desired plant parts at the right time. Pesticide spray method (application technology) is an important factor affecting the efficacy and crops persistent expression. The aim of this study was to develop an efficient system to investigate the coating weight distribution of citrus leaves due to the difference between the nozzle and spray sprinkler system using dithianon used in citrus scab. Other An, engine type sprayer was used as the control. Speed sprayer and different sprinklers were wsed to way the deposit amounts of dithianon on citrus leaves. The test was conducted at the National Institute of Horticultural Herbal Science Citrus Research Station, located in the circle citrus Jeju Island. In order to examine whether the citrus orchard spray and the evenl on the whole, dithianon (43% flowable 1000-fold dilution) was sprayed, filter paper and leaves were analyzed by the height as top, middle, bottom. Speed sprayer the was most effective on depositing at the middle position, of the leaves. All other sprays the leaces except the dry mist sprinkler were not effective enough to deposit on the back sides. To achieve more deposits on the high position leaves, an improve ment in the nozzle and an efficient power system of sprayer were needed.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.264-270
• /
• 2016

This study was conducted to compare of the pesticide residue amounts in fruit trees applied by different sprayers and spray volumes. Apple tree was used as a sample tree, and speed sprayer, power sprayer and knapsack motorized sprayer were tested. For similar sprayer and spray volume, the concentration of fluquinconazole and flusilazole in apple leaves were obtained respectively, for speed sprayer 8.33 and 2.15 mg/kg, for power sprayer 4.56 and 1.10 mg/kg, and for knapsack 4.55 and 1.12 mg/kg. The results showed that the treatment using speed sprayer had highest efficiency. The pesticide residues in apple leaves sprayed by 3 different spray volumes (560, 336 and 230 L/10a) using speed sprayer were 10.76 mg/kg, 8.32 mg/kg, 6.04 mg/kg on fluqinconazle and 3.04 mg/kg, 2.14 mg/kg and 1.47 mg/kg on flusilazole, respectively, indicating that the higher the volume, the higher the residues. The results from this study can be used as scientific basis for evaluating the field trial data for pesticide registration and the spray volume setting for fruit trees in Korea.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
• /
• 1998.05a
• /
• pp.759-764
• /
• 1998

원전 중대사고시 에어로졸 거동 현상과 분석 모델에 대한 이해의 증대와 분석 능력을 재선하기 위한 목적으로 OECD ISP-40에 참여하여 SR-11 에어로졸 부착 및 재부유 실험을 분석하였다.MELCOR 코드에 의한 부착 분석 결과, 부착량을 과소 예측하는 것으로 나타나 열영동 상관식 계수의 조정과 난류 효과의 고려 등 모델의 개선이 필요한 것으로 보이며, 분석모델 작성시 입자크기의 분포에 주의해야 함을 알 수 있었다. VICTORIA 코드는 부착량을 약간 과도하게 예측하였고 재부유가 초기에 과도하게 일어나는 것으로 예측하는 모델의 제한점을 나타냈다.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
• /
• v.32 no.3
• /
• pp.427-436
• /
• 2005

Topical application of APF gel can increase the surface roughness of resin composites and the roughened surfaces may allow increased bacterial accumulation and surface staining. Resin specimens of two proprietary resin composites, Filtek Z250(FZ) and Filtek Supreme Universal(FS), and experimental resin composites containing 0%, 3%, 6% nanofillers(E0, E3, E6) were fabricated and divided into two groups of the same number; APF treatment group and no treatment group. The amount of S. mutans adhered to specimens and the mean surface roughness(Ra) were measured. The results were as follows; 1. In no treatment group, the amount of S. mutans adhered to FS was the smallest. It was significantly different from those of FZ, E3, E6(p<0.05) although it was not significantly different from that of E0(p>0.05). 2. For all resin composites used, the amount of S. mutans adhesion in APF treatment group was significantly greater than that in no treatment group(p<0.05). 3. In APF treatment group, the amount of S. mutans adhesion was significantly different between materials(p<0.05), and increased in order of FS, FZ, E0, E3 and E6. 4. Difference of the surface roughness(Ra) between materials was not statistically significant in both no treatment group and APF treatment group(p>0.05)

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.304-313
• /
• 1998

Foliar retention of pyribenzoxim (1% EC) was measured using the fluorescent dye rhodamine B, and related to efficacy and phytotoxicity to barnyardgarss (Echinochloa crusgalli) and rice (Oryza sativa cv. Chucheong), respectively. Effects of nozzle types (8002E flat-fan and disk-type), addition of adjuvant, variation of herbicide concentration or spray volume were compared. In barnyardgrass, foliar retention of pyribenzoxim at a recommended condition (application rate : 30g ai/ha, spray volume : 1000 L/ha) was 2.3 to 2.7 or 1.4 to $1.5{\mu}g$ ai/g fresh foliage when sprayed using the disk-type nozzle with or without adjuvant, respectively, and 0.6 to 0.7 or 0.3 to $0.5{\mu}g$ ai/g fresh foliage when sprayed using the flat-fan nozzle with or without adjuvant, respectively. The slope of increase in foliar retention was 1.0 to 1.8 when application rates increased from 10 to 60g ai/ha at 1000 L/ha, while that was 1.6 to 2.4 when spray volume increased from 330 to 2000 L/ha at $30{\mu}g$ ai/L concentration. Foliar retention of pyribenzoxim had a close relationship with herbicidal activity; regardless of spray conditions, retention to provide 90% control was about $0.8{\mu}g$ ai/g fresh foliage, and below this retention amount, efficacy decreased almost linearly. In rice, foliar retention at the recommended condition was 1.9 to 2.3 or 1.2 to $1.3{\mu}g$ ai/g fresh foliage when sprayed using the disk-type nozzle with or without adjuvant, respectively, and 0.6 to 0.9 or $0.3{\mu}g$ ai/g fresh foliage when sprayed using the flat-fan nozzle with or without adjuvant, respectively. The slope of increase in foliar retention was 1.0 to 2.8 when application rates increased from 30 to 120g ai/ha at 1000 L/ha, while that was 1.3 to 4.4 when spray volume increased from 1000 to 4000 L/ha at $30{\mu}g$ ai/L concentration. Despite the great difference in retention, rice phytotoxicity was not observed in any of these spray conditions, suggesting retention differences within 4-fold increase of application rate or spray volume do not affect rice safety. When pyribenzoxim 1EC was sprayed in tank-mix with several other commercial pesticide formulations, its retention to rice foliage tended to increase by 30 to 50%.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.58-63
• /
• 1987

Laboratory and greenhouse studies were conducted to evaluate effects of spray volumes and surfactants, L-77 and Triton CS-7 on leaf retention of glyphosate in Zea mays, Hordeum vulgare, Artemisia princeps, Trifolium repens and Equisetum arvense. Leaf retention was increased when glyphosate with L-77 or Triton CS-7 was applied in a spray volumes of 10-20 l/10a in Zea mays and 40 l/10a in Artemisia princeps but decreased when spray volumes were higher than above volumes and 40-80 l/10a in Trifolium repens. Hordeum vulgare leaves retained more spray when glyphosate with L-77 or Triton CS-7 was applied in all spray volumes tested. Equisetum arvense retained higher amount of spray by application of glyphosate with L-77 compared with Triton CS-7 and no surfactant treatments.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.272-279
• /
• 2012

This was the second study on the ecological characteristics of the epiphytes on seagrass leaf. The objective of this study was to understand the variation of epiphytes on seagrass leaf depending on the change of physico-chemical factors such as salinity, nutrients, and etc. This study showed the four results. 1) The eelgrass growth was influenced by water temperature, suggesting the positive correlation between eelgrass growth and water temperature. 2) The epiphytes growth on seagrass leaves did not show the correlation with water temperature, but negatively correlated with salinity. 3) The eelgrass growth decreased when the concentraion of nitrogen increased. 4) However, loads of epiphytes increased when the concentration of total nitogen (TN), nitrate ($NO_3^-$), and nitrite ($NO_2^-$) were high. This increase of epiphytes growth could be suggested in the cause-effect pathway of nutrient enrichment leading to seagrasses loss.