• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.53
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• pp.131-163
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• 2017

We were already thrown into the modern by the Japanese before reflecting the relevance of modernization and acceptance, and the value of the modern was postponed. The late period of Chosun, people sank into a state of torpor and traditional culture and ideology has caused people to have a negative perception of modern times.Modern times, however, are defined in the relative concept of tradition and modernity in the history of modern times. In order to understand the modern era and its origin, it is necessary to look squarely at the face of modernity. Failure of modern times is a failure of traditional succession.So, if we analyze the causes of the failure of the traditional heritage, why can't we see some of the reasons why we perceive it as a failure? In this thesis, it seeks to understand the diverse views of the traditional elites of the journal and the newspaper, which are published in the traditional education of the journal, and are looking at a variety of views. Moreover, we should seek to explore the traditional elements of the new tradition by discussing the aspects of the educational problems caused by the cause of the accidental break and the educational problems caused by its results.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.266-269
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• 2022

As the emotional problems experienced by modern people after COVID-19 have increased, the burden on clients due to negative perceptions of psychological counseling and physical limitations is still high. Therefore, this study proposes a virtual counseling platform for effective counseling using the characteristics of people in their 20s who are open to relationships in non-face-to-face relationships. To this end, a survey was conducted for those in their 20s and in-depth interviews with counselors were conducted. After that, a 3D virtual counseling environment was created through Unity to PC-based service. As a result of the study, it was found that the most important factor in counseling in the 20s was the tendency of counselors and an atmosphere without burden, which was closely related to self-opening in counseling. Therefore, it was possible to participate in counseling while looking at the counselor character in a 3D space created in comfortable atmosphere, and various interaction elements with the counselor were provided during counseling. The significance of this study aims to promote self-openness of clients in their 20s and actively participate in counseling. This is expected to greatly help improve psychological problems through smooth counseling.

• Korean Journal of Health Psychology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.169-187
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• 2011

The present study explored psychosocial characteristics of infants with genital anomalies (GA) and their caregivers against normal controls. Participants were female caregivers and infants between the ages of 6to38months diagnosed with hypospadias(HS;n=103) or cryptorchidism (CR;n=49). Normalcontrols(n=131) were recruited and selected via Internet. Caregivers completed measures on parenting stress, coping style, social support, and infant temperament. Within the GAgroups, HScaregivers reported their greatest parental concerns as infant urination/bodily functioning difficulties whereas CRcaregivers reported worries related to surgical anesthesia issues. Both groups reported concern about their children's potential reproductive problems. Per caregiver report, infants with GA had lower ability to self-soothe. HS infants in particular were perceived as exhibiting greater negative emotion. Compared with controls, HS and CRcaregivers overall employed coping strategies more frequently and had lower interpersonal sensitivity and parental distress. However, HScaregivers emerged as experiencing higher stress when compared to the CRgroup. There were no differences in to tal parenting stress and social support scores between groups. Further, CRcaregivers reported lower levels of family discord than controls. Despite temperament-related differences between infants with GA and normal controls, HS and CRcaregivers reported lower parental distress and greater use of coping skills as compared to controls. Clinical implications are discussed.

• Korean Journal of School Psychology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.315-337
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• 2019

This study was intended to verify that the Revised PAI-A scale reflected the internalization and externalization classification of adolescence problem behavior. For this purpose, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted using PAI-A restandardization data. In addition, 31 Revised PAI-A sub-scales and SUI scale were used to identify the detailed factor structures. As a result of the analysis, the classification of internalization and externalization factors was similar to that of previous studies. In detail, the sub-scales of ANX·DEP and SUI were classified into internalization, the sub-scales of ANT and AGG were classified into externalization. It is noteworthy that each sub-scale of PAI-A was separated into internalization or externalization. For example, BOR-A, BOR-I, and BOR-N were loaded into internalization, but BOR-S into externalization. Next, in order to confirm whether the structure of the derived internalization and externalization factors can be applied to new samples, 350 samples were randomly extracted and confirmatory factor analysis was conducted, but exclusive of the samples used for exploratory factor analysis. As a result of confirmatory factor analysis, the appropriate indices of internalization and externalization classification was close to the good level. Therefore, the Revised PAI-A scales have theoretical relevance to internalization and externalization classification of problem behaviors. Based on the results of this study, it is expected that it can be used helpfully in the school settings in the future. Finally, the significance and limitations of this study were discussed.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.1-33
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• 2009

This research investigates the effect of brand-self identification on brand attachment and brand commitment focusing on luxury brand. Another purpose of this study is to examine how the relationships among brand identification, brand attachment and brand committment are moderated by consumers' regulatory focus. Structural Equation Modeling using 214 questionnaires was conducted to test hypothesized model. The results reveal that perceived luxury brand personality including excitement, competence, and sophistication influences brand-self identification positively, which in turn has a signifiant positive effect on the brand attachment. It is also found that consumers' emotional attachment to luxury brands has a positive influence on the luxury brand commitment while the effect of the brand-self identification on the brand commitment is not signifiant. This finding strongly supports that brand attachment and brand commitment are distinct construct, which confirms the results of the previous studies. In addition, the results show that consumers-luxury brands relationships are moderated by consumers' regulatory focus. This finding explains that prevention-focused individuals who have interdependent self-view respond to the loss caused by relationship break more sensitively compared to the promotion-focused consumers. Finally, based on the findings of this study, theoretical contribution and managerial implications are discussed.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.106-117
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• 2017

Objectives: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a sleep-related breathing disorder that is characterized by repetitive collapse or partial collapse of the upper airway during sleep in spite of ongoing effort to breathe. It is believed that OSA is usually worsened in REM sleep, because muscle tone is suppressed during REM sleep. However, many cases showed a higher apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) during NREM sleep than during REM sleep. We aimed here to determine the characteristics of REM sleep-dependent OSA (REM-OSA) and NREM sleep-dependent OSA (NREM-OSA). Methods: Five hundred sixty polysomnographically confirmed adult OSA subjects were studied retrospectively. All patients were classified into 3 groups based on the ratio between REM-AHI and NREM-AHI. REM-OSA was defined as REM-AHI/NREM-AHI > 2, NREM-OSA as NREM-AHI/REM-AHI > 2, and the rest as sleep stage-independent OSA (IND-OSA). In addition to polysomnography, questionnaires related to subjective sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, and emotion were completed. Chi-square test, ANOVA, and ANCOVA were performed. Results: There was no age difference among subgroups. The REM-OSA group was comprised of large proportions of mild OSA and female OSA patients. These patients experienced poor sleep and more negative emotions than other two groups. The AHI and oxygen desaturation index (ODI) were lowest in REM-OSA. Sleep efficiency and N3 percentage of REM-OSA were higher than in NREM-OSA. The percentage of patients who slept in a supine position was higher in REM-OSA than other subgroups. IND-OSA showed higher BMI and larger neck circumference and abdominal circumference than REM-OSA. The patients with IND-OSA experienced more sleepiness than the other groups. AHI and ODI were highest in IND-OSA. NREM-OSA presented the shortest total sleep time and the lowest sleep efficiency. NREM-OSA showed shorter sleep latency and REM latency and higher percentage of N1 than those of REM-OSA and the highest proportion of those who slept in a lateral position than other subgroups. NREM-OSA revealed the highest composite score on the Horne and ${\ddot{O}}stberg$ questionnaire. With increased AHI severity, the numbers of apnea and hypopnea events during REM sleep decreased, and the numbers of apnea and hypopnea events during NREM sleep increased. The results of ANCOVA after controlling age, sex, BMI, NC, AC, and AHI showed the lowest sleep efficiency, the highest AHI in the supine position, and the highest percentage of waking after sleep onset in NREM-OSA. Conclusion: REM-OSA was associated with the mild form of OSA, female sex, and negative emotions. IND-OSA was associated with the severe form of OSA. NREM-OSA was most closely related to position and showed the lowest sleep efficiency. Sleep stage-dependent characteristics could provide better understanding of OSA.

• The Critical Review of Religion and Culture
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• no.31
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• pp.255-287
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• 2017

This paper analyzes the religious circuit of suicidal concept based on verbal expression and ritual acts, which are found in the suicide discourse of Korean Catholic Church and Protestant Church. In the relationship of suicide and religion, it is easily overlooked the religious circuit and its construction that forms the concept of suicide among the religious laymen. It is assumed that the belief system of traditional religions prohibits suicide and the laymen accordingly construct a perception or concept of suicide along with this belief system. Various studies on this subject have proved it. However, in order to understand the religious way of constructing the concept of suicide on a personal level, it is necessary to pay attention to the religious environment in which the concepts and emotions of suicide circulate. The laymen do not passively and perfectly accept the finely established suicide concept provided by the doctrine or the theology. Rather, the laymen tend to collect the pieces of concept over the suicide that are drifting in the religious environment of his/her daily routine life and to make an concept of suicide in an incomplete form. We can find the unstable and imperfect traits of such a suicide concept through the experience of suicide survivors who have a religious background. For the suicide survivors with religious beliefs, they resist the formal doctrinal and theological provisions to suicide, or try to understand the notion of suicide in their own contexts. In terms of linguistic expressions and ritual acts relating to suicide, the attentions are differently directed in the public and the private domain among the religious groups. Considering on the high rates of suicide in Korean society, the Korean Catholic Churches are increasingly tolerant over the suicide and accept it in the public sphere. It is unlikely when comparing to the negative attitudes of the suicide in the past. However, such tolerance does not go beyond the doctrinal and ethical judgment that defines suicide as a serious sin. The once-committed lay believer's speech and gestures usually contain the various emotions, such as sadness, grief, anxiety, regretfulness, eagerness, and pain in the private spheres. The language and gestures with these emotions have been activated in the religious circuits of suicide, being extended to the religious apparatus for the person who died of suicide. In case of Protestantism, the institutional organizations, such as the particular denominations and the individual-churchism of the Korean Protestant Churches, and their own interpretations of the Bible have in the private sphere strongly effected on the linguistic expressions and the rituals related to the suicide. The religious-ethical judgment of the suicide is varied how the suicide is interpreted by the theologians and the pastors. And the ritual acts for healing the complex feelings and the psychological wounds of the suicide survivors are not actively explored and adopted yet. It makes harder to approach and heal the protestant followers since they emphasize the innermost belief and the salvation assurance faith.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.286-294
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to confirm the mental health and quality of life by type-D personality of the patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). The participants in the study were 111 hospitalized patients with CAD at a hospital in Gyeonggi-do. The type-D personality was assessed by the Type-D Personality Scale (DS14). The mental health was measured with Symptom Checklist-90-Revision (SCL-90R) while quality of life was assessed with World Health Quality of Life Assessment Instrument (WHOQOL-BREF). The data analysis revealed that 36.1% of CAD patients were identified as having type-D personality traits. Non type-D personality patients have shown better mental health state than type-D personality patients (p<.001) have. The level of quality of life in the type D personality patients were significantly lower than that of non type-D counterparts (p<.001). It is necessary for type-D personality to be considered, when the nursing intervention programs for improving the mental health and quality of life of the patients with CAD are developed.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.257-268
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to examine the anxiety, levels of diabetes-related distress, and post-traumatic growth of parents who have children with type 1 diabetes and determine the correlation between the differences and variables based on the general characteristics and disease-related characteristics. This is a descriptive survey research and data collection was conducted from January 4th-29th of 2016 with an online survey in an internet community for type 1 diabetes. Seventy seven individuals were included in the final analysis. Statistical analysis was carried out with a t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Pearson correlation coefficient. The study results showed that posttraumatic growth was significantly high (p<.05) under parents with a religion, and that parental anxiety and stress were high with children under 6 years of age (p<.05), with cases of hypoglycemia (p<.05), and with high levels of glycated hemoglobin (p<.05). Anxiety and stress had a positive correlation (r=.684, p<.001), and anxiety and stress exhibited a negative correlation with posttraumatic growth (r=-.401, p<.001; r=-.327, p<.05). This suggests that posttraumatic growth can reduce the negative emotions sufficiently, and that a mediating mechanism is needed that promotes posttraumatic growth while decreasing the level of anxiety and stress.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.34
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• pp.197-217
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• 2014

The 1920s and 1930s ushered in "the golden age" of Chinese comics when the comics flourished. Satirical cartoons in modern Chinese comics were popular due to emotional instability and war caused by foreign powers. Among many popular comics, this paper analyzes in the 1920s and in the 1930s which were made into films and dramas. Chapter Two shows that China in the Republican era of China expanded its consumer culture into some sectors like films, novels, magazines and fashion in the 1920s and 1930s. However, more than any other things, this chapter considers from the historical perspective "the golden age" of comics including comic magazine in the 1930s and a history of comic magazines that gained popularity with conventional and common story. Chapter Three explains that social satire cartoons were in vogue since the May Fourth Movement and anti-imperialistic and semi-feudalistic stories in the 1920s were realized in life. It also says that comics that describes the negative sides of its society were popular. Ye QianYu, a cartoonist, portrayed many facets of Shanghai through : the daily life of the middle and lower classes, bureaucratic corruption and sympathy for the working class. drawn by Zhang LePing describes the unfair social system between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat and the gap between the rich and poor through the main character, the powerless and poor orphan. and lampooned the reality of its time in an objective, witty and humorous way in terms of ethics and economy respectively. The researcher chooses to study and which are very familiar to us, because good cartoons, animations and movies stimulate the feelings about our surroundings.