• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.21-29
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• 2015

Objectives This study aimed to investigate therapeutic effect of Korean Medicine Steam Therapy (KMST) for leukorrhea patients. Methods From December 1st 2013 to Nov 31st 2014, 16 leukorrhea outpatients treated with KMST filled out questionnaire before and after treatments. The questionnaire was composed of 8 question items such as sleep, appetite & digestion, urination, defecation, emotion, cold hypersensitivity, menstrual pain, leukorrhea and patients were told to evaluate their symptoms as NRS score. We analyzed mean NRS score of each question item before and after KMST by using Wilcoxon's signed rank test of SPSS ver. 19. Results Mean age of participants was 40.8±13.0 years and mean value of treatment numbers per person was 3.8±1.8 times. 43.75% (n=7) of the patients had history of vaginitis caused by gardnella vaginalis, ureaplasma urealyticum or candida albicans. All patients were treated with acupuncture, moxibustion and Korean medicine. In addition, there was no side effect reported by participants. NRS score of quantity, odor of leukorrhea, perineal unpleasant sensation such as itching, dryness, burning sensation remarkably decreased (p<0.01, p<0.05, p<0.01 each). NRS score of symptoms including sleep, urination, cold hypersensitivity, menstrual pain also remarkably decreased (p<0.05). Conclusions Symptoms of leukorrhea patients including sleep, urination, cold hypersensitivity, menstrual pain, leukorrhea showed significant decrease after treated with concurrent KMST.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2016

Objectives The purpose of this study is to find out the effect of various concentrations of Hwangnyeonhaedok-tang (HTT) pharmacopuncture on ST25 (天樞) in rats with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis.Methods Colitis was experimentally induced by feeding rats with water mixed with 5% (w/v) DSS for 20 days. The rats were divided into 5 groups: the normal group (Nor, n=5), the control group - colitis induced rats with no treatment (Con, n=5), the acupuncture group - colitis induced rats with acupuncture applied on ST25 (Acu, n=5), the pharmacopuncture group 1 - colitis induced rats with 0.729 mg/250 g/40 μl of pharmacopuncture applied on ST25 (PA-1, n=5), the pharmacopuncture group 2 - colitis induced rats with 3.645 mg/250 g/40 μl of pharmacopuncture applied on ST25 (PA-2, n=5). The changes in weight, excrement concentration and hemafecia were observed 5 times every 2 days. The colon lengths were measured from appendix to the end of colon after the experiment. Hematological and serological exams were conducted the day after the last treatment by cardiac puncturing anesthetized rats.Results ST25 is the abdominal front point (募穴) of large intestine meridian and is known to have effect in colitis. Various concentrations of HTT pharmacopuncture (HTTP) applied on ST25, in rats with DSS-induced colitis inhibited decrease in colon lengths and body weight in both PA-1 and PA-2 groups. Hematological and serological exam results also showed that HTTP has significant effect on colitis in both PA-1 and PA-2 groups.Conclusions Colon lengths were significantly increased in the acupuncture group, PA-1 group and PA-2 group, compared to the control group. The body weight was significantly increased (p<0.05) in PA-2 group after the first treatment, compared to the control group. TNF-α, IL-6, AST were significantly decreased in PA-1 and PA-2 groups, compared to the control group.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.35-52
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• 2016

Objectives :The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect on factors related the expression of aquaporins (AQP) and milk production after administration of Boheotang-gagam in lactating mice. Methods: The SKH-1 mice were randomly allocated to the control group which was administered with distilled water for two weeks after the parturition and the experimental groups such as, lactating+400G group (L400G) which was administered with Boheotang-gagam 400 mg/day, lactating+600G group (L600G) which was administered with 600 mg/day for two weeks after the parturition, and 400G+lactating+400G group (400G-L400G) which was administered with 400 mg/day for 3 weeks starting one week prior to parturition for experiment (n=6 per group). Results: 1. With regard to the immunohistochemical staining reaction for AQP1, AQP3, and AQP5, stronger immune response was also showed in mammary gland in all experimental groups as compared to the control group. AQP1 showed stronger immune response in the capillaries and venules which were located around the interlobular duct, while stronger immune response of AQP3 and AQP5 showed in the secretory alveolar epithelia and intralobular and interlobular ductal epithelial cells. 2. In the western blot, L400G group showed the most increased expression followed by L600G and then 400G-L400G group in AQP1. In AQP3, the order of expression density was observed as L600G, 400G-L400G and L400G group. Lastly, in AQP5, L400G group presented the most increased expression followed by L600G and 400G-L400G group. Conclusions: Boheotang-gagam would have the effect of increasing the lactation of mice after the birth by increasing the prolactin level and adjusting the expression of AQPs and prolactin receptor in the mammary glands.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.92-101
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• 2015

Objectives: Heart Rate Variability (HRV) is a diagnostic tool for assessing the function of the autonomic nervous system. Although studies on the HRV characteristics of the cold hypersensitivity of hands and feet have been done, no study has compared HRV characteristics of cold hypersensitivity of hands and feet patients to that of normal Korean women. For this reason, this study compared the HRV characteristics of cold hypersensitivity of hands and feet patients and normal Korean women. Methods: We studied 130 cold hypersensitivity of hands and feet patients who visited Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong from 01 March 2011 to 11 August 2013. We measured HRV of Each patient. Patients are divided into under 29 years old, 30~39 years old, 40~49 years old and over 50 years old with age. Patient's HRV results are compared to that of normal Korean women in each age group. Results: In each age group, cold hypersensitivity of hands and feet patients' LF/HF was statistically lower than that of normal Korean women. Conclusions: HRV characteristics and symptoms of cold hypersensitivity of hands and feet is similar to that of cold induced vasodilation (CIVD). So, cold hypersensitivity of hands and feet can be considered as abnormal condition that CIVD is continued. More studies on measuring of blood flow of cold hypersensitivity of hands and feet patients are necessary.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.29-45
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• 2015

Objectives: The object of this study was to observe the in vitro antibacterial effects of Yeonkyokeumpae-jeon (YKKPJ) have been used for treating various gynecological diseases including mastitis in Korea, and individual six kinds of herbal composition aqueous extracts - Forsythiae Fructus (FF), Millettiae Caulis (MC), Lonicerae Flos (LF), Fritillaria Thunbergii Bulb (FT), Taraxci Herba (TH) and Prunellae Spica (PS) against E. coli. Methods: Antibacterial activities against E. coli of YKKPJ, FF, MC, LF, FT, TH and PS aqueous extracts were detected using standard agar microdilution methods. In addition, the effects on the bacterial growth curve were also monitored at MIC and $MIC{\times}2$ levels. The effects on the intracellular killing and bacterial invasion of individual test materials were also observed using Raw 264.7 and MCF-7. The results were compared with ciprofloxacin, a second generation of quinolone antibiotics in the present study. Results: MIC of YKKPJ, FF, MC, LF, FT, TH, PS aqueous extracts against E. coli were detected as $0.039{\pm}0.013mg/ml$, $0.064{\pm}0.033mg/ml$, $0.108{\pm}0.053mg/ml$, $0.078{\pm}0.027mg/ml$, $16.250{\pm}8.385mg/ml$, $15.625{\pm}9.375mg/ml$, $0.254{\pm}0.131mg/ml$, repectively. YKKPJ, FF, MC, LF, FT, TH, PS aqueous extracts showed antibacterial effects against to E. coli, except for FT and TH, which were showed negligible antibacterial effects, respectively. In addition, ciprofloxacin with YKKPJ, FF, MC, LF and PS aqueous extracts also showed marked dosage-dependent inhibition of bacterial growth, and favorable inhibitory effects on the both bacterial invasion and intracellular killing assays using MCF-7 and Raw 264.7 cells were detected in this experiment. Conclusions: The results obtained in this study suggest that traditional polyherbal formula YKKPJ aqueous extracts showed more favorable antibacterial activities as compared to individual six kinds of herbal composition aqueous extracts. The antibacterial effects of YKKPJ against E. coli considered as results of complicated synergic effects of their six kinds of herbal components rather than simple antibacterial effects of single herbal components. It means, YKKPJ aqueous extracts may show potent anti-infectious effects against E. coil for mastitis.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.13-28
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• 2015

Objectives: To observe the in vitro anti-inflammatory effects of Hyunbulikyung-tang aqueous extracts (HBLKT) and the possible synergic combination effects with a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, piroxicam. Methods: Anti-inflammatory effects of HBLKT (yield=16.17%) were observed on LPS activated raw 264.7 cells based on $ED_{50}$ to cell viability, NO, $PGE_2$, $TNF-{\alpha}$, $IL-1{\beta}$ and IL-6 productions as compared with piroxicam, in the present study. In addition, the combination effects of HBLKT with piroxicam were observed after treatment of HBLKT 1/4 $ED_{50}$ + piroxicam 1/4 $ED_{50}$, 1/8 $ED_{50}$, 1/16 $ED_{50}$, 1/32 $ED_{50}$ and 1/64 $ED_{50}$ concentrations, respectively. Results: Significant (p<0.01 or p<0.05) increases of cell viabilities and decreases of NO, $PGE_2$, $TNF-{\alpha}$, $IL-1{\beta}$ and IL-6 cytokine releases were detected in HBLKT 1/4 $ED_{50}$ + piroxicam 1/4 $ED_{50}$, 1/8 $ED_{50}$, 1/16 $ED_{50}$ and 1/32 $ED_{50}$ concentration co-treatment as compared with each of single 1/4 $ED_{50}$ concentration of piroxicam and HBLKT treatments, respectively. Although significant (p<0.01 or p<0.05) increases of cell viabilities and decreases of NO, $PGE_2$, $TNF-{\alpha}$, $IL-1{\beta}$ and IL-6 cytokine releases were also demonstrated in piroxicam 1/64 $ED_{50}$ + HBLKT 1/4 $ED_{50}$ co-treatment as compared with LPS control, no significant changes were detected as compared with each of single 1/4 $ED_{50}$ concentration of piroxicam and HBLKT treatments, in this experiment. Conclusions: Hyunbulikyung-tang showed cell protective and anti-inflammatory effects against LPS activated raw 264.7 cells. It, therefore, expected that HBLKT will be showed favorable effects to relieve dysmenorrhea related to over expressed inflammatory cytokines, and it also expected that the clinical dosages of piroxicam can be reduced as 1/8 levels as combination with HBLKT.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.1-10
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• 2015

Objectives Diagnosis System of Oriental Medicine (DSOM) was made as a computerized assistant program for oriental medicine doctors to be able to diagnose with statistical basis. Then DSOM uses questionnaires filled out by respondents with explanatory guide. But if the respondents misunderstand the meaning of the passages, the results were quite the opposite. Methods This study was designed to investigate the diagnostic correspondent rates between DSOM and TKM practitioners. First, let the respondents answer to DSOM. After that, three doctors diagnosed the respondents and marked 'p' when they diagnose that the respondent had the pathogenic factors, marked 'n' when they diagnose that the respondent had the pathogenic factors but not severs, and did not marked when they diagnose that the respondent didn't have the pathogenic factors. Finally, this study was investigated the correspondent rates of diagnosis between DSOM and doctors. Results In the pathogenic factor of three including insufficiency of Yin (陰虛), the correspondent rates were 90%. In the pathogenic factor of nine including deficiency of qi (氣虛), the correspondent rates were 80%. In the pathogenic factor of four including blood stasis (血瘀), the correspondent rates were 70%. In HH and HL, they showed the correspondent rates of 61.77%. The correspondent rate of heat (熱) was highest (96.88%). The correspondent rate of insufficiency of Yang (陽虛) was lowest (0%). In LH and LL, they showed the correspondent rates of 88.31%. The correspondent rate of blood stasis (血瘀) was lowest (71.76%). They all showed the correspondent rates of over 70%. Conclusions In DSOM and Doctors' diagnose, they showed the correspondent rates of 83.60%.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.200-212
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• 2007

Purpose: To find objective validity of minimal acupuncture using a modified guide tube as a method to verify the effect of acupuncture. Methods: Subjects of this study were participants of a randomized clinical trial which was practiced to verify the effect of acupuncture on postmenopausal hot flash. There were 2 arms of treatment, one's for active acupuncture group(AG) with manipulation and De qi, the other's for minimal acupuncture group(MG) using a modified guide tube which was designed to give minimal stimulation to the patient. After 8 weeks' treatment followed by 4 weeks' observation, participants were asked to fill in self-report forms on their education, previous experiences of acupuncture, original idea on the efficacy of acupuncture and recognition of blinding. Results: 19 participants of 26 in AG and 19 of 26 in MG completed the self-report form. There was no difference between AG and MG in their education(p=0.5976, Fisher exact test) and previous experiences of acupuncture(p=0.9999, Fisher exact test). In their original ideas on the efficacy of acupuncture, most of AG and MG respondents have been thought that acupuncture is very effective or quite effective, and there was no difference between 2 groups(p=0.5065). 16 of 19 in AG and 14 of 19 in MG believed that they underwent more effective way, there was no statistical difference between 2 groups(p=0.6928, Fisher exact test). Participants believed in undergoing more effective way not because they recognized treatment method, but they were satisfied with the effectiveness of treatment retrospectively. Conclusion: As the result of this study, these authors suggest that minimal acupuncture using a modified guide tube is acceptable as a method to verify the effect of acupuncture in acupuncture-familiar Korean culture. Also further studies on the stimulation-specific effect of minimal acupuncture are demanded.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.104-127
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was performed to investigate the effects of Dangguijakyaksan on the development of experimentally-induced endometriosis in rats. Methods: Endometriosis was induced in rats by autotransplanting uterine tissue to the peritoneum and divided them into three groups: (1) sham-operated group(n=8). (2) surgically induced endometriosis and untreated control group(n=8). (3) surgically induced endometriosis and Dangguijakyaksan treated group. Dangguijakyaksan was orally administrated for 15 days after operation. Then we measured the body weight. the volume of endometriotic implants. the weight of uterus and ovary. and analysed the concentration of cytokines (MCP-1, TNF-$\alpha$, IL-1$\beta$, IL-6) in peritoneal fluids. Histopathology, immunohistochemistry for COX-2 and VEGF. and histochemistry for mast cell in transplanted uterine tissue were also performed. Results: - The volume($mm^3$) of endometriotic implants in Dangguijakyaksan treated group was significantly decreased compared with control group. - The concentration(pg/ml) of MCP-1, TNF-$\alpha$ and IL-l$\alpha$ in peritoneal fluids in Dangguijakyaksan treated group was significantly decreased compared with control group. - Histopathologically, proliferation of endometriotic epithelia. infiltration of inflammatory cells and angiogenesis in transplanted uterine tissue of Dangguijakyaksan treated group were weakly observed than those of control group. - The percentage of positive epithelial layers for COX-2 in Dangguijakyaksan treated group was significantly decreased compared with control group. - The VEGF expression of endometriotic epithelia, neovascular endothelia and stromal cells in transplanted uterine tissue of Dangguijakyaksan treated group were weakly observed than those of control group. - The number of mast cells in transplanted uterine tissue in Dangguijakyaksan treated group was significantly decreased compared with control group. Conclusion: On the basis of these results. we concluded that Dangguijakyaksan has inhibiting effects on the development of transplanted uterine tissue. And these effects may be related with decreased production of MCP-1, TNF-$\alpha$ and IL-1$\beta$, and decreased expression of COX-2 and VEGF, and inhibition of mast cell infiltration by administration of Dangguijakyaksan.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.183-193
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• 2008

Purpose: To research the changes of Skin Resistance Variability(SRV) over the period of ovarian cycle of healthy young women with normal and regular menstrual cycles using Oriental Medical Diagnose Autonomic system-3000 (OMD-3000). Methods: We measured SRV of 15 women who were working at O O Oriental Hospital from July to Oct. 2008. Each woman took the OMD-3000 test 8 times during 2 menstrual cycles. Each cycle consists of 4 phases-follicular phase, ovulation, luteal phase and menstruation. We analyse the data by SPSS 12.0 for windows. the one-way ANOVA by Repeated Measure(p<0.05). Results: 1. (1) The Factor AA means at zone 1 were 0.77$\pm$0.40, at zone 2 were 1.07$\pm$0.68, at zone 3 were 0.77$\pm$0.35, at zone 4 were 0.68$\pm$0.32, at zone 5 were 0.74$\pm$0.29, at zone 6 were 0.85$\pm$0.30, and at zone 7 were 0.74$\pm$0.29. The Factor AA means were lower than normal range at zone 1,3,4,5,6 and 7. The graph pattern of M shape was caused by the Factor AA means at zone 2 and zone 6 were higher than others. (2) The Factor AA means at zone 1 and zone 3 show abnormal regulation state. 2. During the menstruation. the Factor AA means were higher at zone 1,2 and 3 than other zones. During the ovulation, the Factor AA means were higher at zone 4,5,6 and 7 than other zones. Especially at the menstruation phase in zone 2 and at the ovulation phase in zone 6 tend to be highest means than other phases respectively. 3. However there were no significant difference of means during 4 ovarian phases in 7 zones except ovulation phase to luteal phase at zone 4(p = 0.013). Conclusion: The results suggest that changes of SRV during 4 menstrual cycles are not variables in reading 7-zone-diagnostic system. Further study will be needed.